苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫剂的研究进展

综述了苏云金芽孢杆菌的毒性作用,它的杀虫晶体蛋白基因及基因产物的特性,将杀虫晶体蛋白基因转移到植物上获得抗虫植物以及如何防止昆虫对该杀虫剂产生抗性的问题.     

土壤抗生素抗性组：来源、扩散和驱动因子

 土壤是环境抗生素抗性基因的源与汇，也是抗性基因发生水平转移的重要热区。综述了土壤环境中抗性基因的主要来源及驱动因子，阐述了抗性基因在土壤-植物、土壤-动物及土壤-水体等不同系统中的传播过程，总结了抗性基因在土壤中的传播扩散机制，表明水平基因转移是抗性基因在环境中传播的主要分子机制之一；土壤-植物系统是抗性基因从环境向人类传播扩散的一个重要途经，是环境抗性基因人群暴露的主要来源；不是所有的抗性基因都具有严重的健康威胁，鉴定高风险的抗性基因对维护人类健康具有重要意义；源头控制是控制抗生素和抗性基因污染的重要手段之一。     

今后十年植物生物技术的研究

植物生物技术日益受到世界各国的重视,因为植物生物技术是农业、园艺、食品、化学和制药工业的技术创新的源泉。今后十年某种植物基因组测序很可能完成,大多数调节植物发育的基因很可能得到分析。重要的农业害虫、真菌、细菌和病毒的抗性基因很可能被分离出来并在农业上加以利用。含有商业价值的油类、蛋白和淀粉的种子将得到开发,这     

植物抗性基因研究现状

从植物自身抗性基因的存在方式 ,以及植物抗性基因的作用机制、结构特征、克隆方法和进展等方面 ,对植物自身抗性基因进行了综述 .     

小菜蛾抗药性研究进展

小菜蛾作为各种十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫，对多种有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯；拟除虫菊酯、苯甲酰脲类昆虫生长调节剂、农用抗生素甚至植物源杀虫剂都产生了不同程度的抗药性。本文就小菜蛾的抗药性的形成与发展、杀虫剂之间的交互抗性、抗性的生理生化机制以及分子、遗传机制等方面研究进展进行了论述。     

叶螨对寄主植物关系的研究概况

叶螨类害虫已成为我国蔬菜、果树和花卉的主要害虫。本文概述了叶螨对寄主植物的选择，叶螨危害寄主植物的机制研究和寄主植物对叶螨的生理抗性等方面的研究进展，进一步了解叶螨和植物的相互关系。     

苜蓿花叶病毒RNA2 3''''端cDNA转基因烟草及其抗病性研究

将本室克隆的编码复制酶基因3′端约1／2序列及其3′端非编码区的苜蓿花叶病毒中国分离株(AIMV-Ch)RNA：3′端cDNA，重组到植物表达载体pROKⅡ中，通过致瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导，以叶圆片为转化材料，转化普通烟草，并获得了转基因植株．经卡那霉素抗性选择、PCR检测目的基因证明．AIMV RNA：3′端基因已整合到转基因烟草的基因组DNA中．转基因植物的攻毒试验表明转基因植株对苜蓿花叶病毒产生高水平的抗性．     

转基因植物中选择标记基因的去除

转基因植物中的抗生素抗性酶基因和除草剂抗性酶基因等标记基因的生物安全性引起全球关注,科学家们正积极探索剔除选择标记基因的转化体系,本文就着重介绍了几种转基因植物中标记基因剔除的进展.     

活性氧与植物防卫反应

目的：总结分析活性氧在植物防卫反应中的作用。方法：根据近10年内公开发表的20篇中英文文献对活性氧的种类、特性，以及在植物抗病过程中所起的作用进行较全面的总结。结果：介绍活性氧的种类、性质，着重讨论了活性氧的产生和消除机理；并对当前该领域今后的研究方向进行了展望。结论：活性氧在植物防卫反应过程中起双重作用，即高浓度时对植物起伤害作用，低浓度时起信号传递作用诱导植物抗性基因和防卫基因的表达。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌的研究进展

围绕国内外对苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)研究的新进展,分别从转苏云金芽胞杆菌作物的安全性、苏云金芽胞杆菌的酶学研究、苏云金芽胞杆菌的基因学研究、苏云金芽胞杆菌的蛋白质学研究四个方面进行论述,为进一步预防昆虫对苏云金芽胞杆菌植物产生抗性、防止苏云金芽胞杆菌基因飘逸、构建新型苏云金芽胞杆菌载体及生产出杀虫毒性更高、专一性更强的苏云金芽胞杆菌植物提供了新的思路.     

三角梅核糖体失活蛋白在转基因番茄中的功能

根据已报道的三角梅(Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd)的核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)基因序列,以厦门本地艳紫三角梅(B. glabra Choisy cv. Sanderiana)为材料,通过RT-PCR技术扩增到其RIP成熟蛋白的基因序列BouM并成功转化番茄.经检测,BouM转基因番茄对蚜虫、蚂蚁及番茄灰霉菌都有很好的抗性作用,显示了其在植物抗病抗虫中的应用前景.但是同时转基因番茄对小白鼠的生长有一定的抑制作用,因此将其作为植物抗病虫基因利用时,其生物安全性也是一个值得重视的问题.     

多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及拟南芥转化

多基因植物表达载体用于植物遗传转化是培育具有多种优良品质作物的有效策略. 双T-DNA系统是实现筛选完成后选择标记基因删除的一种简便可行的方式. 为培育高度抗逆或去除标记基因的农作物,构建了多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体2T-bbgdD,其中含有一个抗除草剂基因bar, 3个抗逆相关基因(DREB1A, Na+依赖性Pi转运体基因（d5）, betA)和一个报告基因gfp. 利用农杆菌介导法将该载体转入拟南芥,获得了多基因共转化及去除标记基因的转基因拟南芥. 可将此植物表达载体进一步用于作物的遗传转化.     

应用农杆菌介导法的多年生黑麦草遗传转化研究

以草坪型多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne L.成熟种子为外植体,经过愈伤组织诱导和植株再生研究,建立了该草种的遗传转化体系,并成功地应用农杆菌介导法将克隆自辽宁碱蓬的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(BADH)转移进多年生黑麦草,获得的转基因株系Gsc-LP5通过PCR检测证明了目的基因的存在,通过叶片离体检测法证明了作为检测基因随同质粒一同转入的抗潮霉素基因的表达,通过盆栽耐盐试验证明了转基因植株具有较强的耐盐能力.     

Multiple transgenes Populus xeuramericana ''''Guariento'''' plants obtained by biolistic bombardment

A JERF36 regulation gene, a selection marker gene (NPT-II), and the foreign genes levansucrase (SacB), Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vgb), and Binary coleopterus insect resistance (BtCry3A OC-I) were co-transferred into Populus xeuramericana 'Guariento' using biolistic bombardment; 25 kanamycin resistant plants were obtained. The results of PCR and Southern hybridization showed that the foreign genes had been integrated into the genome of P. xeuramericana 'Guariento' and 5 genes were all transferred into 7 poplar plants. The results of a BtCry3A ELISA experiment indicated that the BtCry3A gene was expressed in the 7 transgenic poplar plants, and these plants grew well on coastal saline land.     

甘蓝型油菜3个AP3重复基因植物反义表达载体的构建及遗传转化

利用pFGC5941构建了甘蓝型油菜3个AP3重复基因的植物反义表达载体pFGC5941-BnAP3-2、pFGC5941-BnAP3-3和 pFGC5941-BnAP3-4.采用快速冻融法,将载体导入农杆菌EHA105,转化甘蓝型油菜下胚轴.在5mg/L PPT的MS培养基中筛选,获得反义BnAP3-2基因的抗性再生植株31株,反义BnAP3-3基因的抗性再生植株20株,反义BnAP3-4基因的抗性再生植株42株.PCR鉴定结果显示,获得BnAP3-2反义的基因植株12株,BnAP3-3反义的转基因植     

Construction of a new plant expression vector containing two insect resistant genes and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants

A new plant expression vector (pBS29K-BA) containing two insect resistant genes, a synthetic chimeric gene BtS29K encoding the activated insecticidal protein Cry1Ac and a gene API-BA encoding the arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) proteinase inhibitor (API) A and B, is constructed. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing these two genes are obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. The average expression levels of Cry1Ac and API-BA proteins in transgenic plants are of 3.2 μg and 4.9 μg per gram fresh leaf respectively. The results of insecticidal assay of transgenic plants indicate that the pBS29K-BA transformed plants are more resistant to insect damage than the plants expressing the Cry1Ac gene or API-BA gene alone.     

Transgenic tobacco plants harboring tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene and their insect resistance

The plant expression vectors pBCT2 and pBT2 were constructed with the cDNA sequence (tin2) and genomic DNA sequence (tin2i) of tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene respectively. Then the two expression vectors were transferred into tobacco via the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, and transgenic tobacco plants were generated. Molecular analysis and trypsin activity assay showed that both cDNA and genomic DNA were expressed properly in the transgenic plants. Insecticidal activities in these transgenic plants indicated that transgenic tobacco plants carrying tin2i sequence were more resistant to 2-instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hubner than those carrying tin2 sequence. Therefore the intron of tin2i sequence might be a contributor to insecticidal activity of the transgenic tobacco.     

Transgene inheritance and quality improvement by expressing novel HMW glutenin subunit （HMW-GS）genes in winter wheat

The expression vector pBPC30, which carries the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No. 1, Jing411 and Jingdong No. 6 explants of immature embryos and immature inflorescence by particle bombardment. A large number of resistant transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of herbicide bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT). Confirmed transgenic plants of To generation showed successful integration of HMW-GS genes and bar gene into the wheat genome. T1 generation of transgenic plants can resist 20--150 mg/L PPT.Protein analysis of T2 seed by SDS-PAGE showed that HMW-GS 1Dx5 and 1DylO genes were well expressed in offspring seed of transgenic lines by co-expression with or substitution of endogenous 1Dx2 or 1DylO. In one transgenic line, TG3-74, a new protein band between endogenous protein subunits 7 and 8 (marked as 8*) of glutenin appeared,but endogenous subunit 8 (encoded by 1By8 gene) was absent. Analysis of gluten rheological quality on seed proteins of 102 T3 plants showed that the sedimentation value of 5 transgenic lines (44.2149.0 mL) was remarkably improved,59.6%---64.3% higher than that of wild type Jinghua No. 1 and Jingdong No. 6, similar to bread wheat Cheyenne (48.0 mL). Analysis of dough rheological properties of transgenic lines showed that the dough stable time of 5 transgenic lines range from 16 to 30 min, whereas the dough stable time of wild type was only between 3--7 min. Our research suggests that introducing novel HMW-GS genes into wheat is an efficient way to improve its bread-making quality.     

HAK基因对玉米的遗传转化及其耐盐性研究

摘要：用农杆菌介导法将高亲和性钾离子转运体基因（HAK）和Bar基因转入5个优良玉米自交系7922、P138、265、238和271中,并对影响其遗传转化效率因素进行了优化．经PCR和RT-PCR检测证实获得阳性植株．除草剂涂抹实验证明Bar基因已经整合进玉米基因组．用不同浓度的盐溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现转基因植株叶片中的K＋含量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量均高于未转化植株,而Na＋含量低于未转化植株,表明HAK基因已经整合进玉米基因组,并通过过量表达提高了植株的耐盐性．