信息技术与课程整合的实现

从实用的角度出发，讨论并提出了在教育教学中实现信息技术与课程整合的基本过程与方法，并指出了信息技术与课程整合实践中的一些常见问题。     

菠菜HD-ZIP III基因家族鉴定与表达分析

植物叶片在生长发育过程中,近-远轴极性的建立与维持是叶片正常行使光合效应、呼吸作用、蒸腾作用的结构基础. HD-ZIP III是重要的叶片近轴极性基因,本研究在菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）基因组中鉴定到3个HD-ZIP III基因家族成员,依次命名为SoHB1,SoHB2和SoHB3,并对其蛋白理化性质、保守结构域和进化关系进行了分析. 研究结果表明：3个HD-ZIP III蛋白都具有4个保守结构域. 共线性分析表明：菠菜SoHB1,SoHB2和SoHB3分别与拟南芥ATHB8,ATREV和ATHB15存在共线性关系. 启动子顺式作用元件预测结果表明：菠菜HD-ZIP III家族基因启动子上游包含光响应、逆境胁迫反应、激素响应等顺式作用元件. 在不同叶型菠菜种质中的表达模式分析结果表明：单戟型叶片的SoHBs表达量最高;此外,经干旱胁迫处理后,SoHB1,SoHB2和SoHB3的基因表达量普遍下降;对菠菜包括根、茎、薹叶、功能叶、薹叶柄、功能叶柄等部位进行表达分析,发现SoHB1在根部表达最为丰富,SoHB2和SoHB3在薹叶处表达最为丰富.     

Correction of RNA aberrant splice increases foreign gene expression in transgenic mice

Transgenic mice with mammary gland secreting human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were produced using mice whey acid protein gene promoter. It was found that there was very low expression level in mammary gland. Human G-CSF cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR from transgenic mice mammary gland. Sequence analysis showed that this G-CSF gene deleted the 4th exon, and compared with human G-CSF genomic DNA, there were donor and acceptor splice sites in the deletion fragment. It was considered that the 3rd and 4th introns also delete in G-CSF fragment. The transgenic construct was corrected by deleting the 3rd and 4th introns to construct the minigene, which was used to produce transgenic mice by microinjection. Northern blot showed that G-CSF expression using the new construct increased 5.4 times as that before in transgenic mice. The results suggested that it was possible that RNA aberrant splice result in low expression in transgenic mice.     

菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

在菠菜全基因组中鉴定了菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)乙醇酸氧化酶(GLO)家族成员,并对其理化性质、亚细胞定位、基因结构、保守基序、同源关系及基因表达进行了分析,发现菠菜中存在5个SoGLOs蛋白,通过进化树分析,菠菜GLO蛋白与甜菜GLO蛋白亲缘关系较近.通过基因结构分析发现该家族基因由9～11个外显子构成.实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)结果表明:硝态氮仅能短期诱导SoGLOs的表达,而铵态氮可以持续抑制SoGLOs的表达,从而影响菠菜草酸的含量.在胁迫处理后,SoGLOs的表达均有明显变化,SoGLO1,SoGLO3和SoGLO5对盐胁迫的响应最明显,SoGLOs可能在菠菜的抗盐、耐高温、耐寒、抗旱以及抗氧化过程中起作用.植物激素的喷施普遍使SoGLOs的表达在短时间内增加,这可能引起菠菜体内草酸的快速积累.     

Sequence modification of merB gene and high organomercurial resistance of transgenic tobacco plants

Mercury pollution has caused severe damage to environment and great attention has been paid to its control. Phytoremediation may become one of the most efficient measures to recover the polluted soil since it is economical, highly efficient and friendly to environment. In this report, plant genetic engineering methods were employed to modify the DNA sequence of merB genes that catalyze the conversion of organomercurals into ionic mercury. The modified merBhe genes were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium, and the resultant transgenic plants were verified by Southern and Northern hybridization. High level of organomercurial resistance was detected on progenies of transgenic plants, some of which were resistant to PMA (phenyl mercury acetate) of 2.5 μmol/L whereas 0.1 μmol/L PMA killed the seedlings of wild-type tobacco in soiless culrure. With the increase of PMA concentration, the inhibition of the seedling growth became apparent. This result makes it possible to breed mercury-resistant tobacco for phytoremediation of mercury-polluted soil.     

Functional analysis of cis-acting sequences regulating root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco

Two different length fragments, RSF1 and RSF2 which contained the cis-acting sequences of root-specific gene TobRB7, were isolated from tobacco genome. The abilities of these fragments to direct root-specific expression were studied by fusing them to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) report gene with different directions. After the recombined vectors were transformed into tobacco, the expression pattern was performed by histochemical staining and the quantitative analysis of GUS activity. The data suggested that the cis-acting element of TobRB7 gene direct GUS expression not only as root-specific but also as bidirectional. In our studies, the short fragment, RSF2, performed stronger activity than RSF1 with any direction. The stronger activity of GUS expression was determined by reverse inserting of RSF1 or RSF2 than positive inserting.     

翘嘴鳜髓过氧化物酶基因克隆及重链序列的原核表达

利用RT PCR和RACE PCR方法,从翘嘴鳜中克隆出髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase, MPO）cDNA全长。其开放阅读框有2?292个核苷酸,编码763个氨基酸的蛋白。虽然序列相似性分析发现该蛋白与哺乳动物MPO相似性为64%～65%,但分子质量大小相近。翘嘴鳜含有1个与人MPO相似的血红素基,1个保守的Ca2+结合位点,6个分子内二硫键,以及6个糖基化位点。由此推测翘嘴鳜MPO蛋白的空间结构及催化机制可能与哺乳动物的相似。将翘嘴鳜MPO的部分DNA序列连接到pET 32a c(+)载体上,成功构建了1个重组表达质粒pET MPO,该质粒在大肠杆菌（DE3）中获得了高效表达。另外,利用重组蛋白N末端带有的6×His标签,通过Ni2 NTA柱纯化获得了翘嘴鳜MPO重组蛋白。     

A tumor suppressor genefhit prokaryotic expression and identification

The recombinant expression vector pGEMD-fhit which contains full encoding region offhit gene was constructed. The recombinant was introduced into the BL21 (DE3) strain ofE. coli and induced by 1 mmol/L IPTG to express a 29×10³ polypeptide offhit fusion protein. And the 29×10³ protein was sensitive and specific in reaction with anti-fhit antibody in Western blot. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39770373) Biography: SUN Yan (1975−), female, Master of science, Research direction: gene engineering     

菠菜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

利用生物信息学分析方法,在菠菜全基因组中鉴定出了菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)家族成员,并对其理化性质、亚细胞定位、基因结构、保守基序、同源关系及基因表达进行了分析,发现菠菜中存在7个SoAPXs(SoAPX1～7)基因,并通过进化树分析将菠菜APX家族分为4类.基因结构分析发现该家族基因由5～9个外显子构成.亚细胞定位预测表明大部分菠菜APX蛋白定位在细胞质.实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)结果表明:SoAPXs在各个组织器官中呈组成型表达,其中SoAPX1和SoAPX3的组织表达模式相似,SoAPX4和SoAPX5相似,SoAPX2在新叶中表达最高,SoAPX7在雄花中表达最高.对经胁迫处理后的样品进行表达分析发现,低温胁迫与氧化胁迫对SoAPXs的表达均有诱导作用,盐胁迫与干旱胁迫也刺激了大部分SoAPXs的表达.这些结果表明:SoAPXs可能在菠菜的抗盐、耐寒、抗旱以及抗氧化过程中起作用,为后续深入鉴定APX家族成员的功能提供参考.     

Transformation of japonica rice with<Emphasis Type="Italic">RHL</Emphasis> gene and salt tolerance of the transgenic rice plant

Overexpression of the yeastHAL2 gene increases salt tolerance of yeast and plant. RiceHAL2-like (RHL) gene was introduced into ajaponica rice cultivar HJ19 withAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants in R₀ generation were selected on the principle of GUS-positive,RHL gene PCR-positive and normal growth. Hygromycin-resistant plants of some transgenic lines in R₁ generation increased salt tolerance during the seedling and booting stage, being less damaged in the cytomembrane and stronger in leaf tissue viability under salt stress during booting period. Southern analysis of transgenic lines tolerant to salt in R₁ generation showed that theRHL gene expression cassette had been successfully integrated into rice genome. Moreover, gene engineering breeding methodology and really salt-tolerant rice cultivar were discussed.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of Sox genes in a tetraploid cyprinid fish, Tor douronensis

A PCR survey for Sox genes in a young tetraploid fish Tor douronensis （Teleostei： Cyprinidae） was performed to access the evolutionary fates of important functional genes after genome duplication caused by polyploldizatlon event. Totally 13 Soxgenes were obtained in Tordouronensis, which represent SoxB, SoxC and SoxE groups. PhylogeneUc analysis of Sox genes in Tor douronensis provided evidence for fish-specific genome duplication, and suggested that Sox19 might be a teleost specific Sox gene member. Sequence analysis revealed most of the nucleoUde substitutions between duplicated copies of Soxgenes caused by tetreploldlzatlon event or their orthologues in other species are silent substitutions. It would appear that the sequences are under purifying selective pressure, strongly suggesting that they represent functional genes and supporting selection against all null allele at either of two duplicated loci of Sox4a, Sox9a and Sox9b. Surprising variations of the intron length and similarities of two duplicated copies of Soxga and Sox9b, suggest that Tor douronensis might be an allotetreploidy.     

菠菜转录因子MYB基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

利用生物信息学手段鉴定了76个具有典型R结构的菠菜转录因子(Spinacia oleracea)MYB,其中包括72条R2R3-MYB基因(2R-MYB)和4条R1R2R3-MYB基因(3R-MYB)。通过生物信息学对菠菜MYB转录因子家族成员的理化性质、染色体定位、结构域序列保守性和系统进化关系进行了分析,结果表明:菠菜MYB家族有32个基因位于染色体正链,另外44个基因位于染色体反链;MYB的DNA结合域中的保守域主要位于两个R重复序列的第二和第三螺旋之间,结合域中每个R重复的第一和第二色氨酸之间的氨基酸序列相对不保守;根据菠菜、拟南芥及甜菜的MYB家族系统进化关系可以推测,菠菜MYB家族中56个成员可以按功能划分为4类,在菠菜的生长发育过程中可能起着重要的调节作用,其余成员中有7个MYB基因可能参与菠菜响应氮素浓度的氮素利用及生长发育进程。     

人血管生成素基因的克隆及表达

利用RI-PCR方法从培养的人黑色素瘤细胞系A375中扩增得到了人血管生成素cDNA片段,测序正确后克隆入表达载体pET-28a( )中并转化于E.coli BL21宿主菌中.经IPTG诱导,表达了N端融合6个组氨酸标签(6His-tag)的血管生成素融合蛋白.利用6His-tag与过渡态金属离子Ni2 高亲和力结合的性质,经镍柱纯化,获得了高纯度的血管生成素融合蛋白,为进一步研究其生物活性及应用奠定了基础.     

Expression ofChlamydomonas actin-gfp fusion gene in tobacco suspension cell and polymerization of the actin-gfp proteinin vitro

The fusion gene of actin (cDNA ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii) and green fluorescence protein (gfp) had been constructed into two expression vectors which could be expressed inE. coli and tobacco suspension cells BY2. The correct expression was observed inE. coli and BY2 with a fluorescence microscopy. The fusion protein, which took part in the membrane skeleton, was mainly located peripherally along the membrane, specially the fusion protein was distributed around nucleus and cell plate, while the fusion protein also forms F-actin in the cell. The fusion protein was purified from Bl21plus by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified production could polymerize into F-actin when the actin polymerizing buffer was added. It was demonstrated that the characteristics and function of actin inChlamydomonas was similar with those of animals and higher plants.     

菠菜叶酸合成代谢途径基因鉴定及表达谱分析

从菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)基因组数据库中筛选鉴定了与菠菜叶酸合成转运,及与C1代谢相关的25个基因,并对其编码的蛋白做进化树和保守域分析,发现叶酸蛋白在进化上表现出保守型和复杂性。用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)分析了叶酸含量不同的菠菜的叶酸相关基因表达量,发现在转录水平上只有少数叶酸基因表达量与菠菜叶酸含量有关。     

Efficient transformation and expression of gfp gene in the edible mushroom Pleurotus nebrodensis

An efficient transformation method mediated by PEG-protoplasts was developed for the newly commercial edible mushroom Pleurotus nebrodensis. Two plasmids were used to co-transform protoplasts of P. nebrodensis. One plasmid is pAN7-1 containing a positive selectable marker gene hph conferring hygromycin B resistance. Another plasmid is pBlue-GFP containing a reporter gene gfp conferring green fluorescent protein. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that hph gene or/and gfp gene were integrated into the genome of P. nebrodensis transformants. The transformation efficiency of the positive selectable marker gene hph was 3 transformants per microgram of plasmid pAN7-1 DNA, which was about 30 times higher than that previously reported in thoroughly studied Pleurotus species such as Pleurotus ostreatus. The transformation efficiency of the reporter gene gfp was 9 transformants per microgram of plasmid pBlu-GFP DNA. The co-transformation efficiency was 23.68%. This is the first report that a ＂reporter＂ gene, green fluorescent protein gene can be successfully stably exoressed in this Pleurotus species.     

一种寻找最优尺度因子法在基因表达谱数据的SVM分类中的应用

基因表达谱数据分布不平衡、噪声巨大,当用σ值很小的二阶软间隔高斯核支持向量机分类的时候,容易使大多数训练数据被分到占统治地位的类中。因此,B rown等认为,为了分别控制两类错误数,可以在核矩阵K中增加对角矩阵λn+NI。通过选择合适的λ,可以使属于占统治地位的类的样本上产生较小的拉格朗日乘子;而处于次要地位的类的样本上产生较大的拉格朗日乘子。但是,目前没有统一的方法选择λ。因此,提出了一种根据b值确定λ的最优值的方法。实验表明,该方法的分类效果在同等条件下好于传统的方法。     

The expression of Quox-1 gene in the embryo development ofAndrias davianus

Two set ofAndrias davidanus fertilized eggs and its seedlings were got by means of artificial reproduction. The sections of the embryo ofAndrias davidianus were made by histological method. The expression of homologous sequences of Quox-1 gene has been studied by immunohistochemical method with special antibody. Results show that the expression of homologous sequences of Quox-1 gene was detected in the epidermis of blastula and gastula. The highly expression was investigated in the epidermis at the neural tube phrase and the tail bud stage. Deng Fengjiao: born in October, 1954, Associate Professor