全层TiAl基合金断裂机理的原位拉伸研究

通过对不同缺口类型试样的SEM原位观察分析，研究了全层TiAl基合金的断裂机理．结果表明，在整个断裂过程中：1)几乎都是穿层断裂；2)出现大量的微裂纹．全层TiAl基合金裂纹的形成、扩展有沿层和穿层两种方式，断裂方式取决于拉伸轴与层片位向之间的相应关系，当拉伸轴和层片位向近似平行时，断裂行为是穿层断裂和沿晶断裂行为，断裂过程的驱动力是拉伸应力，缺口类型只影响裂纹的起裂，而对随后的断裂几乎没有影响．     

γ—TiAl基两相合金中非平衡片层组织的热稳定性

利用常规电镜及高分辩电镜等方法，研究了热锻Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－８Ｎｂ－２．５Ｍｎ－０．０５Ｂ合金中具有较高应变能的非平衡片层界面，在随后的８００℃，１５ｍｉｎ和１０００℃，４ｍｉｎ退火过程中的结构变化，这些结构松驰主要有：片层界面趋于更加弯曲，α２片层的缩颈与球化和γ片层中形成许多小角度晶界等。     

长毛对虾卵母细胞环形片层的研究

应用电镜技术研究长毛对虾(Penaeus penicillatus)卵母细胞中的环形片层(AL)。AL在卵黄发生前的卵母细胞卵质中出现,在卵黄发生期间消失。AL由8条平行排列,具有50～70 nm 环孔的片层组成。相邻片层之间的距离约为70 nm。AL 通常没有核糖体附在膜片层的外表面。AL末端膨大,与高尔基体毗邻。从形态学上看,AL可能来源于高尔基体;高尔基膜囊伸直、拉平,并局部融合形成环孔,最后演变成AL。卵黄发生期间,AL分化形成为许多囊泡,为卵黄粒的形成提供沉积的场所。本文还讨论高尔基体、AL 及卵黄粒形成之间的关系。     

层间混杂复合材料层间界面破坏对应力集中的影响

根据剪滞理论，研究了低延伸层已发生破坏（首次破坏）及出现层间界面破坏时的单向层间混杂叠层复合材料的应力重分布问题，首次获得了高延伸各单层的应力集中因子、脱层长度与层间界面剪切强度的关系，所求得的理论脱层长度得到了实验的证实。     

基于多相场模型的二元合金共晶层片生长方式数值模拟

基于界面场的多相场模型,模拟研究有机合金CBr4-C2Cl6的层片形貌以及初始层片间距和初始过冷度对其形貌的影响.模拟结果表明:随着初始层片间距增大,共晶层片生长方式依次呈现以下形态:规则形态、低对称性震荡、更低对称性震荡、形核及分叉;在等温凝固条件下,初始过冷度越高,共晶层片生长形态越不稳定.     

粘土矿物的结构及其层间膨胀

粘土矿物的层间膨胀与其晶层结构有关．高岭石的相邻晶层间除分子引力外．还形成氢键．其膨胀度很小．蒙脱石与伊利石晶层间结构相同，但伊和石晶层间Ｋ＋对晶层有特殊的静电联接效应．本文通过计算．提出Ｋ＋能恰好嵌在两个相对的硅氧四面体片的六氧环孔穴中，通过静电引力将两晶层紧密联接．从而使伊利石的膨胀度小于蒙脱石．     

层迭三维体表面重构的算法探讨

给出了一类多层迭合的三维体表面重构的定义，介绍了构造这类三维体表面的最短对角线方法，以及其涉及的三角片满足的条件。最后，说明了具体使用最短对角线方法重构层迭三维体表面的详细实施步骤。     

超快速冷却对中碳钢组织和性能的影响

利用超快速冷却装置,通过控制轧后冷却路径,对某中碳钢的显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果表明:超快速冷却可以抑制先共析铁索体的生成,破坏原有先共析铁素体的网状分布;超快速冷却显著缩小了珠光体的片层间距;随着超快速冷却后温度的降低,实验钢的强度和室温冲击韧性同时得到了提高.高温终轧+超快速冷却工艺可以使中碳钢获得良...     

叶绿体类囊体的三维结构重建

介绍了用“MATLAB”软件对南黄大麦叶绿体类囊体三维立体结构重建过程，绘制出了南黄大麦叶绿体类囊体的立体图，得到了其片层结构图，平面图，立体框架及整体图，同时给出了对微观物体作三维重建的一些看法。     

单向机织物增强复合材料层合梁弯曲破坏规律

五组单向机织物增强层合梁的弯曲实验表明：层合梁的最大弯曲强度通常并不对应于最后一层破坏时的荷载；铺设角不同的层合梁达到最大承载力时，破坏并不发生在同一层，且总的破坏层数和对应位移都不相同，其破坏形式可以定性预测．研究还表明：根据实测的单层板的非线性本构关系和强度指标，运用经典层合梁理论，可以对非弯扭耦合层合梁的最大承载力和挠度进行预测．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with