绒螯蟹种质资源研究进展

本文综述了近年来有关绒螯蟹属在形态学、遗传学和育种学方面的研究进展，着重介绍了同工酶、RAPD和mtDNA技术在绒螯蟹群体遗传学中的应用，提出遗传学分类标准的建立是绒螯蟹属分子分类的关键所在。     

中华绒螯蟹Na+-K+-Cl-协同转运蛋白基因的克隆和功能分析

为研究Na~+-K~+-Cl~-协同转运蛋白(NKCC)基因在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)应对高盐胁迫过程中的作用,采用RACE技术首次克隆到中华绒螯蟹NKCC基因全长序列,运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对中华绒螯蟹NKCC基因进行组织定量,并进行生物学信息分析.结果表明:该基因的cDNA全长为4 127bp,其中5非编码区(UTR)长度为18bp,3非编码区(UTR)长度为944bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为3 165bp,编码1 054个氨基酸.理化分析预测其分子量为51.066kDa,理论等电点为4.65.预测中华绒螯蟹NKCC二级结构由12个跨膜结构域组成.同源对比结果显示:中华绒螯蟹NKCC的氨基酸序列与拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)NKCC相似度最高,为86.17%.系统进化分析表明中华绒螯蟹NKCC与拟穴青蟹、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、可口美青蟹(Callinectes sapidus)、蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)聚为一支.不同组织的荧光定量结果显示:NKCC基因在中华绒螯蟹的肠、脑神经节、胸神经节、鳃、胃、肝胰腺、肌肉、眼、心脏和血清中均有表达且在中华绒螯蟹肠的表达量最高.在盐度为25‰的急性胁迫下,NKCC基因在中华绒螯蟹肠中的表达量随着胁迫时间延长变化显著(P0.05),并在胁迫72h后恢复稳定.以上结果显示,NKCC基因参与了中华绒螯蟹渗透压调节,并在其渗透压平衡中发挥重要作用.     

绒螯蟹的分类与中华绒螯蟹种质资源研究进展

绒螯蟹主要有新绒螯蟹属(Neoeriocheir)和绒螯蟹属(Eriocheir)两个有效属,新绒螯蟹属仅有狭颚绒螯蟹(N.leptognatha)一个有效种,绒螯蟹属有直额绒螯蟹(E.recta)和日本绒螯蟹(E.japonica)两个有效种,日本绒螯蟹有日本绒螯蟹指名亚种,日本绒螯蟹中华亚种和日本绒螯蟹合浦亚种3个不同的地理亚种.分布在我国大陆的是日本绒螯蟹中华亚种和日本绒螯蟹合浦亚种.中华绒螯蟹在我国大陆被按水系分成南方组与北方组,组内水系间为同种不同地理种群.利用RAPD等分子生物学技术,可以鉴别出中华绒螯蟹的中华亚种和合浦亚种,各种群间的鉴别还有待于进一步研究.     

莠去津对中华绒螯蟹精子LDH、ACP活性的影响

为了评估莠去津对雄性中华绒螯蟹的生殖毒性,以成熟雄性中华绒螯蟹为材料,采用莠去津梯度(0.001、0.01、0.1、1 mg/L)暴露方式进行体内染毒2周,通过分光光度法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳酶谱法,分析中华绒螯蟹精子中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性,比较其催化能力的变化.结果显示,0.1 mg/L莠去津处理组精子的LDH、ACP比活力是所有组别中最高的,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);1 mg/L的次之,但同2个低质量浓度组(0.001、0.01 mg/L)的一样,均较对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).凝胶电泳后活性染色分析结果显示2种酶的催化能力的变化与分光光度法结果一致.实验结果表明,一定质量浓度的莠去津对雄性中华绒螯蟹具生殖毒性,可为莠去津对人类生殖健康的影响提供参考数据.     

透视螃蟹经经济——科技进步：河蟹养殖业健康发展的支撑

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir Sinensis H.Milne Edwards)又名河蟹、螃蟹、毛蟹、大闸蟹。分类学上隶属于节肢动物门、甲壳纲、十足目、方蟹科、绒螯蟹属，该属中最为常见的有4种，分别为中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹、直额绒螯蟹和狭额绒螯蟹。其中以中华绒螯蟹的个体最大，经济价值最高。我国的河蟹按不同的水系可分为长江、辽河、瓯江、闽江、珠江和黄河等种群，其中以江苏的阳     

合浦绒螯蟹Eriocheir hepuensis 的形态学研究

通过野外调查和养殖试验观察确知合浦绒螯蟹的成体及各期幼体的形态构造均介于中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹之间,是绒螯蟹属的一个物种,故将其学名由“日本绒螯蟹合浦亚种”改为“合浦绒螯蟹”(Eriocheir hepuensis) ,该蟹个全大,生长快,繁殖力强,生长周期短,是一个优良的绒螯蟹新品种。     

中国鲎同工酶组织器官特异性表达

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了中国鲎6种组织器官(肝胰腺、心脏、肠、鳃、肌肉和黄色结缔组织)的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)、酯酶(EST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、天冬氨酸转化酶(AAT)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和苹果酸酶(ME)等7种同工酶的活性和分布,并对其酶谱的表型进行了分析.结果表明,中国鲎的同工酶系统存在不同程度的组织特异性.乙醇脱氢酶在鳃和黄色结缔组织中不表达;山梨醇脱氢酶在鳃中不表达;酯酶、过氧化氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶在6种组织器官中均有表达,但表达活性存在差异;而天冬氨酸转化酶Aat-1位点在鳃中不表达.     

莠去津对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮激素分泌的影响

为了研究除草剂莠去津对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮激素分泌的影响,利用不同质量浓度(0.001,0.01,0.1,1mg/L)的莠去津对中华绒螯蟹进行染毒处理,采用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)分析其对中华绒螯蟹血清蜕皮激素含量的影响.结果表明:低质量浓度(0.001,0.01mg/L)以及高质量浓度(1mg/L)莠去津暴露后,中华绒螯蟹血清中蜕皮激素含量相较对照组无显著变化,而中间质量浓度0.1mg/L的蜕皮激素含量则显著低于对照组,该质量浓度下中华绒螯蟹的蜕皮会受到一定的影响.     

肉球近方蟹,绒螯近方蟹及平背蜞间的遗传变异

利用水平淀粉凝胶电泳方法对方蟹科肉球近方蟹,绒螯近方蟹及平背蜞进行遗传分析,计检测了１１种同工酶,１６个位点。结果表明,三种蟹类的多态座位比例分别为０．１８８、０．０６３,０．０６３;平均杂合度分别为：０．００９、０．００１、０．０４４。肉球近方蟹、绒螯近方蟹间的根井遗传距离为１．０８０。平背蜞与肉球近方蟹、绒螯近方蟹的根井遗传距离分别为１．７１７和１．７０７。     

湖北侧褶蛙与黑斑侧褶蛙同工酶的比较研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯、酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对湖北侧褶蛙(Pelophylax hubeiensisi)和黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax mgromaculata)的消化道、心脏、肌肉、脾脏、肾脏、脑、肝脏、生殖腺、晶体和肺等10种组织中的酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、过氧化物酶(POX)等5种同工酶进行了比较研究。分析并讨论了5种同工酶在不同组织中的分布及遗传基础。结果显示，两种蛙的POX、MDH、ADH同工酶表现明显的遗传相似性；EST、LDH同工酶存在较大的种间差异。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has