Extraction and Purification of Matrix Protein from the Nacre of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

A soluble matrix protein P14 with an apparent molecular mass of 14.5 kDa was isolated from fragmented nacre of pearl oysters （Pinctada fucata） treated with 10% NaOH solution to investigate the nacre matrix proteins and their effect on the CaCO3 crystal. The protein was characterized by gel exclusion chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography after demineralization by 10% acetic acid. The X-ray diffraction pattern of P14 crystals indicates that P14 plays an important role in nacre biomineralization. P14 can induce aragonite formation, stimulate CaCO3 crystal formation, and accelerate aragonite precipitation. Heating of the acid insoluble nacre residue, which was named conchiolin, in 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution supplemented with 10% β-mercaptoethanol solution for 10-20 min at about 100℃ gave two other soluble proteins having molecular masses of 19.4 kDa and 25.0 kDa. The present study suggests that these two proteins are linked to the insoluble organic matrix by disulfide bridges because the extraction yield increases when β-mercaptoethanol is added to the medium.     

Partial Purification and Properties of an Acid Phosphatase from Pearl Oyster Pinctada Fucata

IntroductionAcid phosphatase ( ACP,EC 3.1 .3.2 ) andalkaline phosphatase ( ALP,EC 3.1 .3.1 ) havebeen found to exist widely in the biosphere frombacteria to plants,animals and humans[18] .Thetwo enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of variousphosphate containing compounds and act astransphosphorylases at acid- and alkaline- p Hvalue.In our lab,an alkaline phosphatase fromthe pearl oyster Pinctada fucata has been purifiedand some of its kinetics has been studied[9] .　Acid phosphatases actas ma…     

Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Calreticulin from Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

Calreticulin is a unique calcium-binding protein with multiple functions mostly located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. A large amount of calcium is absorbed from the medium and transported to mineralization sites during biomineralization in pearl oyster. This paper describes the cloning of the full-length cDNA of calreticulin from Pinctada fucata, namely PCRT. PCRT encodes a deduced 414-amino acid protein, which includes a predicted 17- amino acid signal peptide and an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval sequence HDEL. The protein shows 63%-76% sequence identity and shares some common characteristics with calreticulins from other species. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicates that PCRT is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested with the highest expression in the hemolymph and the mantle. In situ hybridization analysis of PCRT in the mantle showed strong signals in the inner fold, the inner side of middle fold, and the inner side of outer fold of the mantle epithelium, All these results suggest PCRT might be involved in Ca^2＋ transport and storage during oyster biomineralization.     

氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶活力的影响

选用L Ala、L Val、L Leu等15种氨基酸为效应物,研究它们对杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)碱性磷酸酶(EC.3.1.3.1)催化pNPP水解反应的影响.结果表明:上述这些氨基酸对鲍鱼碱性磷酸酶均有一定程度的抑制作用,抑制程度随着试剂浓度增大而加剧.当浓度为10.0mmol/L时,分别可以使酶活力下降:7.77%、36.75%、22.79%、39.86%、16.16%、19.33%、94.77%、20.19%、17.02%、40.15%、31.08%、17.52%、30.56%、36.77%和12.59%.尤其以L Cys对酶的抑制作用最为显著(抑制率为94.77%),其次是L Ile和L His,它们均能使酶活力下降40%;对酶抑制率在30%以上的氨基酸还有L Val、L Trp、L Phe和L Lys,其它选用的氨基酸对酶的抑制率小于25%.选择对杂色鲍ALP具有较明显的抑制作用的氨基酸L Val、L Ile、L Trp和L Cys等氨基酸为研究对象,研究它们对酶催化pNPP水解反应的抑制作用机理,并测定其抑制常数.结果表明L Cys的抑制作用为混合型效应,其KI和KIS值分别为0.042mmol/L和0.139mmol/L;而L Val、L Ile、L Trp为反竞争性,其KIS分别为9.56、8.55、8.09mmol/L.     

EDTA对合浦珠母贝碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

以合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)为实验材料,从其外套膜中分离提取碱性磷酸酶(ALP),分别用不同浓度的EDTA不同时间处理ALP,发现随着EDTA浓度的增大,酶的活力指数下降至完全消失,可见酶分子在脱除金属辅基后,活力完全丧失,它是一种金属酶,对酶活性中心金属离子替换实验中。发现分别加入Mg^2 、Mn^2 、Co^2 、Zn^2 后,酶活力可得到一定程度的恢复,而同时加入Mg^2 、Zn^2 ,可使酶活力恢复到92％．     

僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶功能基团的研究

采用化学修饰法研究僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶活性功能基团性质.酶经0.4mmol·L-1PCMB修饰30min后活力仍然保持不变,提示巯基与酶的活力无关;用二巯基苏糖醇(DTT)对酶进行修饰,当DTT浓度达到2.5mmol·L-1时,酶活力丧失98%,表明硫 硫键与酶活力有密切的关系;以N 溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)修饰酶的色氨酸残基,酶的修饰失活呈一级反应,当NBS浓度达到0.65mmol·L-1时,酶活力丧失100%,并辅以紫外吸收光谱的变化分析,表明色氨酸残基是酶催化活力所必需的;醋酸酐、马来酸酐、甲醛等氨基试剂对酶的修饰作用显示氨基是酶的必需基团.     

Molecular Cloning and Distribution of a Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase Homolog from the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

Plasma membrane calcium ATPaso (PMCA) plays a critical role in transporting Ca2 out of the cy- tosol across the plasma membrane which is essential both in keeping intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and in biomineralization.In this paper we cloned and localized a gene encoding PMCA from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata.This PMCA shares similarity with other published PMCAs within the functional domains.Reverse transcdption-polymerase chain reaction analysis shows that it is expressed ubiquitously.Furthermore,in situ hybridization reveals that it is expressed in the inner epithelial calls of the outer fold and in the outer epithelial calls of the middle fold,as well as the edge near the shell,which suggests that PMCA may be involved in calcified layer formation.The identification and characterization of oyster PMCA can help to further under-stand the structural and functional properties of molluscan PMCA,as well as the mechanism of maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis and the mechanism of mineralization in pead oyster.