常规爆炸下地下结构的冲击震动环境

为准确得到结构的爆炸地冲击参数,建立了爆腔岩土介质地下结构动力相互作用有限元分析模型,对常规爆炸下地下结构的冲击震动环境进行了描述。该模型将爆炸波在岩土中的自由场传播与遇到结构后产生的波反射、绕射、透射等现象相结合考虑。与传统方法相比,该计算模型的精度大幅度提高,结果误差由目前常用方法的200%左右减小到20%以下,对研究地下结构在冲击荷载下的隔震问题有重要意义。     

装药爆炸下地下拱形结构变形及破坏特征分析

地下拱形结构侵彻爆炸下涉及许多复杂的物理过程,即装药的爆炸、弹坑的形成、冲击波的传播、应力波在岩石介质中的传播以及岩石与结构的相互作用.为了解决上述复杂问题,利用非线性动力有限元软件LS-DYNA对常规武器侵彻爆炸作用下地下拱形结构的动力响应展开研究.通过数值模拟可较直观地了解应力波的传播过程,及爆炸应力波在拱形结构物中传播及与周围围岩的相互作用.对爆炸应力波作用下拱形结构的变形和破坏特点进行了分析.数值计算结果表明,在爆炸应力波作用下钢筋混凝土结构内侧受反射拉伸波作用产生震塌破坏,加大药量时结构的震塌破坏程度加重,大约在距拱中心线1/4处产生应力集中,形成塑性铰.可为工程设计、改造加固及战时快速抢修提供有益的参考.     

隔震结构在地下室内爆炸荷载作用下的连续倒塌模拟

为了探究隔震结构在地下室内发生爆炸时的连续倒塌模式和机理,采用LS-DYNA软件建立一个地下1层、地上4层的钢筋混凝土框架隔震结构整体式模型;通过流固耦合方法分别模拟地下室内部不同位置处爆炸荷载作用下隔震结构的破坏及连续倒塌全过程;对比分析不同位置柱及其上隔震支座失效时隔震结构的连续倒塌程度和倒塌模式,并阐释产生不同倒塌模式的原因.结果表明:在炸药当量相同的情况下,对不同位置目标柱及柱顶隔震支座施加爆炸荷载后,结构发生连续倒塌的主要原因都是目标构件失效后相邻构件的初始损伤导致传力路径失效,其初始损伤程度是影响结构倒塌规模的关键因素;因此,在结构爆炸分析中,备用荷载路径法得到的结果偏于不安全.     

爆炸荷载作用下浅埋综合管廊野外试验与弹性动力响应分析

为了研究管廊结构在爆炸荷载作用下的荷载分布规律、动力响应及破坏机理,评估管廊工程的防护潜力,获取管廊在爆炸荷载作用下的试验数据,设计并开展了管廊结构的抗爆试验.本文主要分析了在比例爆深为2.000,1.587,1.260 m/kg^1/3三种工况下管廊顶板中心处的动力响应.试验测得了三种工况下爆坑大小,以及顶板中心底部纵筋和箍筋及侧墙中心内侧箍筋应变时程曲线、加速度时程曲线、反射压力时程曲线和位移时程曲线.试验数据表明,顶板中心底部箍筋应变远大于纵筋,且振动使管廊产生的反复位移大小相当,建议管廊采用对称配筋、箍筋加密、混凝土保证抗压强度.通过常规武器效应计算软件CONWEP计算并验证了反射压力峰值的准确性,进一步得到了作用于管廊的总压力并将其简化为均布荷载,计算出弹性响应阶段顶板中心的最大位移,与实测位移进行比较,吻合较好.     

地下管道结构爆振效应和冲击破坏行为实验

通过小当量爆炸实验研究爆源近区地下结构动力响应和材料破坏行为.研究了地下管道结构的爆炸振动效应,分析了混凝土材料在爆炸冲击波作用下的破坏行为.结果表明,爆炸振动波使地下管道结构发生以瞬态径向压缩为主的变形,以及沿轴向和环向两方向的刚体振动响应.在爆源近场随爆炸折算距离变化,爆炸冲击渡可以引起混凝土管道结构的3种破坏行为,即结构破坏、结构和材料耦舍破坏以及材料破坏行为.     

脉冲荷载作用下钢筋砼梁破坏形态分析

在冲击,爆炸等脉冲荷载作用下,地下防护结构的破坏形态比核武器作用下的要复杂得多,可能由原来的延性弯坏变为脆性剪坏。以常规武器作用下土中浅埋钢筋混凝土框架结构为背景,将其顶板简化为梁或单向板,并基于Timoshenko梁理论,采用有限差分方法,分析了钢筋混凝土梁或单向板的早期动力响应,最后提出了一种爆炸中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁或单向板破坏形态的弹性预报方法。计算分析结果表明,预报方法与试验观察结果基本一致,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

爆炸荷载下地铁盾构隧道动力响应研究

近年来,中国城市地下轨道交通取得了迅猛的发展,但地铁在运营中存在诸多风险,其中外爆炸带来的危害尤为突出。为避免由此产生的风险,需对地铁隧道在外爆炸瞬时强荷载作用下隧道衬砌结构动力响应进行研究,进而对隧道衬砌结构的损伤程度作出判断。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立有限元模型,分析外爆炸源荷载作用下应力波的传播规律,选取地面侧爆角度和炸药当量为变量,研究外爆炸荷载下对隧道衬砌结构的动力响应及损伤进行分析,为地铁隧道结构抗爆防护设计提供理论依据,具有较高的技术、经济和社会效益。     

土-结构动力相互作用对橡胶支座隔震结构的影响

采用子结构法,建立了频域内土-结构动力相互作用下的橡胶支座隔震结构的分析模型及相应的运动方程,通过数值仿真2个具有埋置刚性基础的剪切型基础隔震结构的地震反应,并选用多种地基土,较为系统地分析计算了不同地基土参数组合下结构的隔震效果和地震响应.结果表明,设置橡胶支座隔震层可以削弱土-结构动力相互作用对结构动力特性的影响,减小结构相对于场地运动的楼层位移和基底位移.同时,土-结构动力相互作用使橡胶支座隔震效果有所降低,且影响程度与上部结构刚度成正比,与地基土刚度成反比.     

内爆炸作用下地铁车站结构的动力响应与破坏分析

地铁车站环境封闭,一旦其内部发生意外或恐怖爆炸事件,结构会在爆炸波的冲击作用下产生强烈的动力响应和局部破坏.采用数值方法对地铁车站在背包炸弹等中小型爆炸装置产生的内部爆炸作用下的结构动态响应进行了分析,得到了梁、板、柱等主要受力构件的位移和应变等动力响应,同时分析了炸药量、构件配筋率以及土-结构相互作用等因素对结构主要受力构件响应的影响.研究表明:在内部爆炸作用下,地铁车站的站台板是结构中破坏最为严重的构件,临近柱和中板会产生开裂等轻微破坏;结构的动力响应随炸药量的增大而增大,随构件配筋率的增大而减小;土-结构相互作用对于距离爆源最近的梁、板、柱构件响应影响较小.     

侧向点爆炸作用下浅埋圆拱结构塑性破坏规律

考虑近场侧向爆炸时荷载的非对称性、不均匀性和局部性,利用几何关系推导侧向爆炸时结构表面荷载的解析式.针对不同的结构截面受力模式,利用轴力和弯矩共同作用下的截面塑性破坏准则,并基于四铰破坏机制,提出浅埋圆拱结构塑性破坏简化计算方法.基于Matlab软件,判断圆拱结构塑性破坏时截面的受力模式,并确定结构塑性铰分布.结果表明:在2个拱脚附近、荷载峰值作用处,以及背爆面一侧拱肩位置产生塑性铰;在爆炸偏角较小时,塑性铰先出现于背爆面的拱脚和爆源投影点位置;随着爆炸偏角的增大,第1个塑性铰出现于迎爆面的拱脚位置.在实际工程中,大偏压是较为理想的破坏模式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that