集成Dropout极限学习机数据分类方法

极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)是一种速度快,泛化能力强的训练单隐含层前馈神经网络(Single-hidden Layer Feed-forward Neural-network,SLFN)的算法.但是在应用ELM解决实际问题时,需要先确定合适的SLFN结构.然而,对于给定的问题,确定合适的SLFN结构是非常困难的.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种集成学习方法.用该方法解决问题时,不需要事先确定SLFN的结构.提出的方法包括3步:(1)初始化一个比较大的SLFN;(2)用ELM重复训练若干个Dropout掉若干个隐含层结点的SLFNs;(3)用多数投票法集成训练好的SLFNs,并对测试样例进行分类.在10个数据集上进行了实验,比较了本文提出的方法和传统的极限学习机方法.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在分类性能上优于传统的极限学习机算法.     

基于深度极限学习机的高光谱遥感影像分类研究

高光谱遥感数据越来越普及并为人们广泛使用,基于高光谱遥感数据的地面物体精确分类是高光谱遥感技术的核心应用之一.针对高光谱遥感影像的分类问题,提出一种基于深度极限学习机(D-ELM)的分类方法.该方法利用一种新的深度学习模型——深度极限学习机对高光谱遥感影像进行分类,并与基于极限学习机(ELM)、支持向量机(SVM)、核极限学习机(ELMK)分类方法进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:相对于ELM、SVM、ELMK分类方法,D-ELM分类方法能够更加准确地挖掘高光谱遥感影像的空间分布规律,提高分类的准确度.     

嵌入误分类代价和拒识代价的二元分类算法

传统分类算法隐含的假设(每个样本的误差都具有相同的代价,且接受每个样本的分类结果)并不适用于医疗诊断、故障诊断、欺诈检测等领域的实际需求。在定义拒识代价的基础上,本文提出一种嵌入非对称误分类代价和非对称拒识代价的二元分类算法(CSVM-CM C2RC),包括以下4个步骤:学习代价敏感支持向量机、估计每个样本的后验概率、计算每个样本的分类可靠性、确定每类样本的最优拒识阈值。基于标准数据集的试验研究表明,CSVM-CM C2RC能有效地降低误分类率和平均代价,提高分类结果的可靠性。     

基于去噪自编码器的镜像极限学习机设计

针对极限学习机在高维度、含噪声数据集中需要大量隐含层节点来保证分类性能的问题，设计了镜像极限学习机.该算法使用伪逆法确定输入权值，随机生成输出权值和偏置，在对数据进行分类时，它仅需极少的隐含层节点.为了提升镜像极限学习机的分类性能和抗噪性，将它与去噪自编码器相结合.利用去噪自编码器对输入数据进行特征提取，并将提取到的特征作为镜像极限学习机的输入数据，再进行网络训练.在无噪和含噪声的MNIST，Fashion MNIST，Rectangles和Convex数据集中，将基于去噪自编码器的镜像极限学习机与ELM，PCA-ELM，SAA-2和DAE-ELM作对比实验，结果表明，基于去噪自编码器的镜像极限学习机的综合性能最优，用于分类的网络隐含层节点数最少.     

基于去噪自编码器的镜像极限学习机设计

针对极限学习机在高维度、含噪声数据集中需要大量隐含层节点来保证分类性能的问题,设计了镜像极限学习机.该算法使用伪逆法确定输入权值,随机生成输出权值和偏置,在对数据进行分类时,它仅需极少的隐含层节点.为了提升镜像极限学习机的分类性能和抗噪性,将它与去噪自编码器相结合.利用去噪自编码器对输入数据进行特征提取,并将提取到的特征作为镜像极限学习机的输入数据,再进行网络训练.在无噪和含噪声的MNIST,Fashion MNIST,Rectangles和Convex数据集中,将基于去噪自编码器的镜像极限学习机与ELM,PCA-ELM,SAA-2和DAE-ELM作对比实验,结果表明,基于去噪自编码器的镜像极限学习机的综合性能最优,用于分类的网络隐含层节点数最少.     

基于抽样方法的不确定极限学习机

实际应用中的大量数据具有不确定属性,而传统的挖掘算法无法直接应用在不确定数据集上.针对不确定数据的分类问题,提出一种基于抽样方法的不确定极限学习机.该算法通过抽样的方法,对不确定数据集中样本的抽样实例进行学习和分类,得到该不确定样本的所属类别的概率,从而实现了传统极限学习机分类算法对不确定数据的分类,并极大降低了不确定对象实例的枚举代价.实验结果表明,该算法在不确定数据的分类问题中具有较好的有效性和高效性.     

基于截断2-范数损失函数的鲁棒极限学习机

在前馈神经网络学习中,极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)具有高效快速的优势.然而ELM采用的2-范数损失函数在许多实际应用中受异常值影响较大.文章采用截断思想,将2-范数损失函数进一步改进为能够限定最大损失为常数的截断2-范数损失函数,构建了基于截断2-范数损失函数的鲁棒ELM模型,...     

一种基于ELM与LDA的音频信号分类算法

针对多媒体信息中的音频信号,提出一种基于线性判别分析（LDA）与极限学习机（ELM）的分类方法．首先,使用傅里叶变换等方法从每一段音频中提取特征,并将它们按比例组成一个高维向量;其次,应用LDA对高维向量进行降维,使其成为用于分类的最优特征,作为ELM的训练和测试样本;最后,分别采用ELM,SVM,BP分类器对4种音频信号进行分类,并进行性能对比与分析．实验表明：提出的算法对于较难分的类也具有较好的分类效果,平均正确率为90％,同时运算速度比SVM快一千多倍．     

一种基于粒子群优化的极限学习机

极限学习机(ELM)是一种新型的前馈神经网络,相比于传统的单隐含层前馈神经网络(SLFN),ELM具有速度快、误差小的优点.由于随机给定输入权值和偏差,ELM通常需要较多隐含层节点才能达到理想精度.粒子群极限学习机算法为使用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)选择最优的输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差,从而计算出输出权值矩阵.一维Sinc函数拟合实验表明,相比于ELM算法和传统神经网络算法,粒子群极限学习机算法依靠较少的隐含层节点能够获得较高精度.     

汽油辛烷值近红外光谱检测的改进极限学习机建模方法

为提高近红外光谱法检测汽油辛烷值的精度,该文提出一种汽油辛烷值近红外光谱检测的改进极限学习机(i ELM)新型建模方法。该算法融合了极限学习机算法(ELM)与基于变量投影重要性系数的改进叠加偏最小二乘回归(VIP-SPLS)模型算法,有效解决了ELM模型隐含层输出矩阵维数高和高度共线性的问题。采用该算法对汽油辛烷值的近红外光谱检测数据进行建模,发现改进极限学习机模型的精度比现有的偏最小二乘回归模型和极限学习机模型分别提高20.0%和29.3%,验证了方法的有效性。实验表明,该文方法可用于汽油辛烷值的近红外光谱检测,检测精度良好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that