基于不同构造分区中国地震的潮汐应力触发效应及相关天文特征

将中国大陆划分为不同构造应力分区,针对各构造分区的地震逐个计算其发震时震源处沿主压和主张应力轴方向的潮汐应力分量,分析了潮汐应力对发震断层的触发效应.在此基础上,计算了那些具有潮汐应力触发效应的地震发震时的月日位置,得到了各构造分区与潮汐应力触发相关的月日位置分布图象.结果显示,地震的潮汐应力触发效应及相关的天文特征依赖于地震断层所在的区域构造应力性质和地理位置.     

基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年潮位序列的潮汐特征研究

潮汐是钦州湾的主要海洋动力,对物质输运、海洋工程、海洋生态环境等都有重要影响。本研究基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年共13年的水位观测资料,利用潮汐调和分析、偏度计算和线性回归等方法,分析钦州湾长时间的潮汐变化、潮不对称性特征及海平面变化趋势。结果表明,钦州湾验潮站潮汐以O₁、K₁分潮占优,属于规则全日潮。主要分潮振幅有显著的年际变化,2008年为最小值,O₁为95.82 cm, K₁为88.18 cm, M₂为39.53 cm; 2016年达到最大值,O₁为104.27 cm, K₁为95.15 cm, M₂为46.16 cm,这一变化与月赤纬角的变化有关。钦州湾潮不对称现象显著,涨潮历时比落潮历时多2-3 h,造成该现象的主要原因是受到半日分潮和全日分潮之间相互作用的影响,其中主要贡献来源于O₁、K₁、M₂之间的相互作用,占总潮汐偏度的80...     

SFAC No.8对我国会计信息质量特征体系构建的影响

对会计信息质量特征的准确把握在会计研究领域中有着十分重要的作用。SFAC NO.8指出了关于会计信息质量的首要质量特征和增强的质量特征。构建我国会计信息质量特征体系时,应充分考虑信息相关性和可靠性的包容,高度关注信息的实时性,构建既具有国际共性又符合中国国情的、有层次的会计信息质量特征体系。     

区域海拔高度变化对闪电特征影响的初步分析

利用重庆闪电定位系统监测的地闪资料(1999～2008年),通过数理统计、线性回归等方法,重点分析区域海拔高度变化对闪电特征的影响.结果表明:①闪电频次分布最多的是在海拔300～400 m这个高度区间,之后开始随海拔上升逐渐减少;②闪电中负闪次数远远大于正闪,但是在不同海拔时正负闪所占的比例不同,随着海拔高度的增加,特...     

基于江西省站点资料对智能网格实况分析产品的检验评估

利用江西省2019年3月～2020年2月气象站观测资料,在小时尺度上,对中国气象局下发的智能网格实况的2 m气温、湿度、风速、降水等多个气象要素产品进行检验评估.研究分析各类产品的数据误差及其时空变化规律,验证该产品在研究区的适用性.研究结果表明:2 m气温、相对湿度产品与站点观测较为一致,其相关系数均可达0.9以上,2 m气温均方根误差在1.0℃左右,准确率可达80%以上,相对湿度均方根误差小于10%,准确率可达90%以上.风速产品的数据精度较低,相比站点观测风速明显偏弱,70%站点的风向准确率小于50%,风向准确率仅为40%左右.降水产品能准确反映年内逐小时变化趋势,但存在一定程度低估,相关系数基本在0.8以上,平均误差为-0.1～0.1 mm·h^-1,平均绝对误差小于0.2 mm·h^-1.与站点观测相比,降水产品对强降水明显偏弱.地形对实况网格产品准确性有较大影响,产品误差在地形复杂山区中比在平原地区中明显偏大.总体上,2 m气温、相对湿度产品质量较高,基本可满足业务服务需求.风速产品及降水产品在大降水量级下的误差较大,与业务服务需求有...     

CEO特征对盈余质量的影响研究——基于我国上市企业数据的实证分析

以2007—2014年期间我国上海、深圳两市上市公司的数据作为研究样本,以盈余反应系数(ERC)衡量盈余质量,采用多元回归分析方法,实证研究了CEO特征对上市企业盈余质量的影响.研究发现,CEO特征对盈余质量的影响是显著的,CEO持股越多、CEO在该企业任职时间越长,则企业盈余质量就越好;反之,若CEO学历越高、年龄越大、薪酬越高,则该企业盈余质量就会越差.实证得出的结论为企业在职业经理人市场上选聘CEO提供了借鉴.     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS与OAV对5种臭鳜鱼产品特征风味的分析

为了确定臭鳜鱼产品的特征风味,文章对市场上的5种臭鳜鱼产品进行研究,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HS-SPME-GC-MS)对臭鳜鱼样本中挥发性风味化合物进行测定,探究臭鳜鱼中的特征风味,并通过电子鼻对臭鳜鱼中的气味进行扫描验证。结果表明：5种产品的质构并无明显差异,风味有差别,臭鳜鱼中的挥发性风味化合物种类比较复杂,5种臭鳜鱼产品中共检测到86种物质,将其分成8类,分别为醇类、酸类、酯类、醛类、酮类、碳氢化合物、芳烃类以及其他类化合物(含硫、含氮类);5种产品中都包含的化合物有13种,分别为1-辛烯-3-醇、正丁醇、乙酸、肉豆蔻酸、丁酸、壬醛、苯乙烯、3,5,5-三甲基-2-己烯、十六烷、苯酚、吲哚、二甲基三硫化物和甲氧基苯肟。通过计算化合物的气味活度值(odor activity value, OAV),在13种共有化合物中分析筛选出了7种OAV均大于等于1的化合物,分别为1-辛烯-3-醇、乙酸、丁酸、壬醛、苯乙烯、...     

Crustal activities recorded in coral reefs in the northwestern South China Sea

Coral reefs in the northwest of South China Sea have recorded the information from not only the environmental variation but also the crustal activities there during their development. The main crustal activities correlated with the coral reef development include fault, seismic, and volcano activities, etc. The high-resolution spark seismic profiles in the northwestern South China Sea show that the fault activities in the coral reef region have been clearly recorded, and appear as neonatal faults incising reefs. Earthquakes in the coral reef region are rather intense, especially the two occurring on December, 31, 1994, and January, 10, 1995, around the southwest of Leizhou Peninsula, with the magnitude of 6.1 and 6.2, respectively. They have great influence on the growth of the local coral reefs. Quaternary volcanos are active in the northwestern South China Sea, especially around the southwest of Leizhou Peninsula, and they have obvious control of the coral reef development. Some submarine volcanoes form the substrates of coral reef, while a few emerge above the sea surface and form coral islands.     

基于ISCCP卫星资料的南中国海云量特征分析

为较准确地了解掌握可以反映南中国海天气和气候特征的云量分布演变特征,利用1999年1月至2009年12月的ISCCP卫星云量资料,通过物理量特征提取、对比分析等方法,研究了南中国海总云量及高、中、低云量的分布演变特征,以及其与其他海域各季节云量季节性变化特征。结果表明:南中国海低云量四季中均表现为由海区向沿岸递减,总云量和中、高云量夏秋季高于冬春季,低云量则相反。对于不同海域的云量细节特征要依据各季节大气和海洋环流变化来细致区分,这样有助于在掌握规律基础上有效制作海域上空云的预报。     

Internal tide characteristics over northern South China Sea continental slope

21-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data from an anchored observational station by R/V Shiyan 3 are used to investigate the characteristics of intemal tide in the northern South China Sea continental slope. The results show that tide and internal tide are both mixed type in the observed region and dominated by diurnals; the maximum internal tidal major axes of K1, O1 were largest and reached 11 cm/s, 10 cm/s, respectively, and their current vectors rotate anticlockwise. The 300 m-deep internal tide presents obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and its average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, internal tide carried high energy; in the upper layers above 140 m, the kinetic energy of intemal tides accounts for 15%--37% of overall kinetic energy, most of internal tide energy concentrates around the thermocline.     

南海东沙群岛南侧海域的潮余流特征

为分析南海东沙群岛南侧海域次表层潮余流特征,基于布放在该海区的锚碇潜标海流资料,利用T-TIDE调和函数和低通滤波等方法,实现潮流调和常数的提取和余流的分离。该海区次表层潮流分潮K1,Msm,O1,M2和Ssa为主要分潮,各分潮东分量振幅大于北分量振幅。研究表明:潮流东西向运动强于南北向;各分潮振幅随深度变化不一致,造成潮流类型在不同深度上有所变化;二月平均余流出现相对异常现象,流速相对较大,可达83.65cm/s。次表层月平均余流变化与南海季风的盛衰有较好的对应关系,季风对该海区影响可达次表层深度。结合相应的温盐数据和高度计资料发现,余流异常与经过该海区的反气旋涡有关,涡旋改变了该海区原有的水体结构。     

High-precision U-series dating of Holocene corals from South China Sea by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS)

Using the isotopic diluting and thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) technique, the U-series dating procedure was established on the basis of measurement of national standard GBW04412. With this highly precise technique the Holocene corals from the South China Sea were dated. Comparison between this method and α-spectrometry was made. The results show that a thriving period of corals in the South China Sea appeared at 6 800-5 800 a BP, during which the paleosea level was the higher than at present in the Holocene.     

砗磲人工繁育、资源恢复与南海岛礁生态牧场建设

南海珊瑚岛礁是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,是区域特色海洋和渔业生物资源及其多样性的保障。砗磲是珊瑚岛礁的构成物种,具有优良的造礁、固礁护礁功能,并为其它岛礁生物提供栖息地、繁育和庇护场所;近二十多年来,在人类活动和全球环境变化影响下,砗磲及珊瑚等岛礁生物资源受到比较严重的破坏,其岛礁生态牧场天然参与者和构建者的功能受损明显。我们突破砗磲幼虫虫黄藻植入难点和变态率极低的瓶颈问题,率先在海南成功研发了砗磲规模化人工繁育和中培技术,并进行了放流增殖试验,取得了良好的效果。但目前和今后砗磲及珊瑚等生物资源情况依然严峻,期望今后开展更系统、科学、更大规模的基于砗磲、珊瑚及其它重要礁栖生物的放流增殖与生态牧场构建,全面恢复南海珊瑚岛礁的生态环境和生物资源,推动南海的可持续发展。     

Variability of surface circulation in the South China Sea from satellite altimeter data

11-year satellite altimeter sea surface height （SSH） anomaly data from January 1993 to December 2003 are used to present the dominant spatial patterns and temporal variations of the South China Sea （SCS） surface circulation through Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis. The first three EOF modes show the obvious seasonal variations of SSH in the SCS. EOF mode one is generally characterized by a basin-wide circulation. Mode two describes the double-cell basin scale circulation structure. The two cells were located off west of the Luzon Island and southeast of Vietnam, respectively. EOF mode three presents the mesoscale eddy structure in the western SCS, which develops into a strong cyclonic eddy rapidly from July to September. EOF mode one and mode three are also embedded with interannual signals, indicating that the SCS surface circulation variation is influenced by El Nino events prominently. The strong El Nino of 1997/98 obviously changed the SCS circulation structure. This study also shows that there existed a series of mesoscale eddies in the western SCS, and their temporal variation indicates intra-seasonal and interannual signals.     

南海夏季风爆发与华南前汛期锋面降水气候平均的联系

利用1958-2000年NCEP/NCAR再分析日平均资料、中国气象局气候中心常规地面观测日降水资料,从气候平均角度诊断分析了南海夏季风爆发和撤退前后大气结构特征及其与南亚季风的差异,探讨华南前汛期锋面降水对南海夏季风爆发的可能影响。结果表明:①季节转换期间南海地区大气热力结构、动力结构的配置具有与孟加拉湾和南亚地区明显不同的特征,大气低层(850 hPa以下)温度梯度的逆转(由负变正)发生在西南季风爆发之后。②850hPa西风建立在南海大气低层(850 hPa以下)经向温度梯度为弱负值的时候,是受热成风约束的结果。③季节转换期间南海地区大气热力结构、动力结构的配置具有独特性,是由于东亚地区独特的地理位置,受来源于中纬度冷空气影响的缘故。④随着华南降水强度加强,对流释放潜热加热了中高层大气,有利于南海经向温度梯度的逆转,从而在热成风关系约束下使高层南亚高压的北移,因此华南前汛期第一阶段锋面降水是南海夏季风爆发的有利因素。     

东海黄海渤海8个主要分潮的数值模拟

应用球面坐标系下ECOM数值模式,数值模拟了东海黄海渤海的8个主要分潮M₂、S₂、N₂、K₂、K₁、O₁、P₁和Q₁.采用高分辨率网格,计算区域包括东海黄海渤海、东海陆架坡和琉球以东西北太平洋,考虑实际水深和岸线.开边界条件由全球大洋潮汐模式计算的调和常数给出.较成功地模拟出了8个分潮的传播特征,再现了计算区域内半日分潮的5个无潮点和2个蜕化的半个无潮点、全日分潮的3个无潮点.与65个潮位站的观测资料比较,模式计算的M₂、S₂、K1和O₁分潮振幅和位相的均方差分别为7.85 cm和6.81°,5.04cm和8.14°,3.82cm和13.04°,4.34cm和9.33°.与17个潮位站的观测资料比较,N₂、K₂、P₁和Q₁分潮振幅和位相的均方差分别为3.64cm和7.89°,8.47cm和10.51°,1.76cm和7.56°,1.50cm和26.34°.模式模拟的结果可为河口海岸小区域模式提供较为可靠的外海开边界潮汐调和常数资料.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.