基于天文测角测速组合的小行星探测器自主导航方法

自主导航是保障深空探测任务顺利实施的关键技术之一,本文针对小行星探测器在实际工程任务中对天文自主导航能力的需求,提出了天文光谱测速结合天文图像测角的组合自主导航方法,实现小行星探测器连续自主、实时高精度导航.以主带小行星谷神星探测任务为背景,分析了本文所提出的组合导航方法的可观测性,并基于UKF算法,给出了组合导航系统仿真分析.仿真结果表明,组合导航系统的可观测性更好,对比传统的地面无线电导航或者测角导航方法,导航结果精度更高、实时性更优,可为小行星探测器变轨修正等提供准确的导航信息.本文所给出的组合导航方法有效可靠、工程实现简单,为我国小行星探测工程任务及后续深空重大任务的实施提供参考.     

多颗小行星探测顺序确定及轨迹优化

小行星探测日渐成为深空探测领域的一个研究热点。考虑小行星Kepler轨道以及小推力航天器的特点,从能量和相位的角度推导出多颗小行星探测顺序的确定准则,并利用优化算法对航天器的飞行轨迹进行了全局优化设计。算法在满足约束条件的前提下,使得航天器剩余质量与飞行时间的比值达到最大,并通过数值仿真算例验证了算法的可行性。结果表明:该算法综合利用遗传算法和局部优化算法具有精度高、计算简单的特点,可用于小行星探测的轨迹优化设计问题。     

我国小行星探测目标分析与电推进轨道设计

近几年,世界各航天大国陆续实施了小行星探测计划.近地小行星也是我国下一步深空探测的重要目标,国内航天相关单位正在积极开展近地小行星探测的前期任务论证与规划工作.以此为背景,研究了电推进方式探测近地小行星的目标选择与轨道设计问题.首先分析了近地小行星探测的科学和技术目标,结合我国技术水平的发展现状,给出了6颗适合作为探测目标的近地小行星.搜索了2016年至2020年之间探测每颗可能目标的发射窗口.为了增加探测任务的科学回报,特别关注了多目标、多任务的近地小行星探测,推荐了一次探测多个有价值目标的可行多任务探测方案：Earth出发-Nereus飞越-Apophis飞越-1999JU3交会.基于脉冲估算结果设计电推进轨道,将中途多任务探测作为内点约束整体优化小推力转移轨道,采用间接法求解燃料最优控制问题得到了小推力的最优轨迹.最后给出了推荐方案的详细飞行程序.     

小天体探测序列图像自主相对导航系统可观测性分析

小天体探测对探索宇宙起源、解决地球资源问题具有重要意义,研发小天体探测器及实施小天体探测已成为各国未来发展的重点.受地面测控网指令时延的影响,小天体探测器需自主获取小天体的位置、速度信息,即具备自主相对导航的能力,基于序列图像的自主相对导航系统不仅可提供包含小天体运动信息的角度观测量,还具有低成本、低功耗的优点,是一种理想的小天体探测自主相对导航方法,是目前研究的热点.可观测性分析可评估导航系统的观测能力是研究导航系统的基础.本文针对小天体探测序列图像自主相对导航系统非线性带来的可观测性分析问题,基于微分几何理论,推导了系统0至2阶李导数,建立了系统可观测性矩阵,基于秩判据分析了典型小天体探测轨道流形下序列图像自主相对导航系统的局部弱可观测性.分析结果表明,仅依靠序列图像小天体探测器可完备估计小天体运动状态.此外,本文提出了序列图像自主相对导航系统的可观测度量化方法,并分析了相对轨道流形变化对可观测度的影响,相关结论可指导小天体探测器轨道设计,具有一定的工程实用价值.     

小行星探测近轨操作的轨道动力学与控制

探测器接近小行星后开展的逼近、伴飞/绕飞和悬停等一系列近轨操作是实现小行星采样返回等任务活动的前提和关键.本文结合我国未来小行星探测任务构想,以弱引力快自旋小行星2016 HO3为背景,针对其近轨操作过程中的轨道动力学与控制问题开展研究.首先,针对逼近段,考虑路径约束和视线角约束,采用滑移制导律设计了小行星多脉冲逼近轨道,并提出了一种抗扰动的重构迭代逼近策略;其次,为了实现小行星物理特征的初步测量,分别设计了探测器相对小行星的伴飞轨道和慢飞越轨道,建立了伴飞距离与伴飞速度间的联系,发现了飞越速度随飞越高度和飞越时间的变化规律,并给出利用慢飞越实现小行星全球观测的轨道设计方法;最后,研究了考虑太阳光压等摄动力作用和模型不确定情况下的小行星定点与区域悬停控制,设计了自适应鲁棒控制律并证明了其稳定性,为小行星的局部区域精细探测提供条件.以上研究可为我国未来的小行星探测任务提供参考和借鉴.     

一类欠观测系统的可观测性研究

探索月球及月球以远天体对推动太阳系起源、行星演化、生命起源等基础科学问题的研究至关重要,已成为各航天强国的发展重心.由于深空探测任务距离遥远,深空探测器依靠地面测控网进行导航难以保证安全可靠运行,亟需发展自主导航能力.基于序列图像的自主导航系统具有成本低、功耗小、全程适用和数据结构简单等优点,可有效降低深空探测器自主导航系统的空间及能源负担,是实现深空探测器自主导航的理想手段之一.但是,受深空探测目标先验信息缺失及复杂环境下系统误差难以自主校正的影响,基于序列图像的深空探测自主导航系统属于典型的欠观测系统.为提升此类自主导航系统的精度和工程实用性,需以可观测性理论研究为基础,指导自主导航系统的设计及工程实现.针对可观测性理论研究的实际需求,本文首先从非线性系统可观测能力的表征、判定及量化等三个方面系统地阐述了现有理论及方法的研究现状;之后,调研了一类欠观测系统(基于序列图像的自主导航系统)的可观测性分析方法,给出了针对此类系统的可观测性研究现状,并讨论了各方法之间的优劣;最后,通过对已有成果进行总结归纳,探讨了现阶段欠观测系统可观测性研究存在的不足以及未来的发展趋势.     

日地系统L2点Halo轨道自主天文导航及精度分析

针对运行于日地L₂点Halo轨道探测器,给出了质心惯性坐标系和质心旋转坐标系中的探测器运动方程,并建立了以星光角距作为观测量的导航模型,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法解算探测器位置,以Cramér-Rao误差下界（CRLB）为系统可观测度的度量标准分析了不同的状态量和观测量对导航性能的影响. 通过数值仿真发现导航坐标系、主天体、导航恒星数目以及滤波器采样周期等因素对导航性能的影响较大,并依据平动点轨道运动学分析了以上因素对导航精度的影响.      

基于单探测器的低轨航天器X射线脉冲星导航算法

近年来脉冲星自主导航技术飞速发展,即将在低轨道(LEO)航天器开展验证。为了适应低轨航天器载荷轻量化、小型化的需求,研究了基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,并针对单脉冲星导航和轮流观测多脉冲星导航两种方案,分别进行了算法仿真。仿真结果表明,仅观测单脉冲星无法实现长期自主导航,但能够将轨道预报误差降低25.9%,提高短期自主导航精度。而单探测器轮流观测多脉冲星可实现长期自主导航,其导航误差达到514 m,与多探测器同时观测多脉冲星传统算法相当。     

基于电场探测与无线组网的带电飞行目标探测系统设计

随着导航、电子技术、隐身涂层等科学领域的发展,武器装备的电子化、隐身性能不断提高,传统探测手段如雷达探测,有一定的局限性,需要研究和发展新的探测系统,对飞行目标进行有效探测.设计了基于电场探测与无线组网的带电飞行目标探测系统,系统通过无线组网的探测节点对带电飞行目标进行全天候监测,并通过组网定位算法对目标进行定位,探测信息为指控中心的作战决策提供支撑,可以及时下达指令给作战系统对目标进行打击拦截.通过理论与试验结果分析证明了探测系统的可行性,并且系统弥补了传统雷达探测手段对于隐身目标探测的不足,对于提升防空领域的信息化水平,保障我方的信息优势有着重要意义.     

太阳帆轨迹间接优化技术收敛性分析

间接法是求解太阳帆航天器轨迹优化问题的一种常用方法.然而,间接法往往由于协态初值敏感性而存在收敛性难题.为了改善数值求解收敛性,协态变量归一化等多种间接优化技术已在深空探测轨迹优化研究中被提出.但是,对于太阳帆轨迹优化问题,鲜有间接优化技术对收敛性影响分析.本文以太阳帆航天器交会探测小行星为背景,研究协态变量归一化技术、同伦技术及间接法求解中太阳帆动力学模型坐标系(直角坐标系或球坐标系)与收敛性关系.首先,构建基于不同间接优化技术的间接法求解模型,采用数值打靶法求解最优的协态变量值.然后,根据协态变量所需猜测次数和协态变量初值估计的准确程度,对比分析3种技术对提升优化收敛性能的作用.仿真结果表明,同伦法的初值估计准确度最高、收敛性也最好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with