一类欠观测系统的可观测性研究

探索月球及月球以远天体对推动太阳系起源、行星演化、生命起源等基础科学问题的研究至关重要,已成为各航天强国的发展重心.由于深空探测任务距离遥远,深空探测器依靠地面测控网进行导航难以保证安全可靠运行,亟需发展自主导航能力.基于序列图像的自主导航系统具有成本低、功耗小、全程适用和数据结构简单等优点,可有效降低深空探测器自主导航系统的空间及能源负担,是实现深空探测器自主导航的理想手段之一.但是,受深空探测目标先验信息缺失及复杂环境下系统误差难以自主校正的影响,基于序列图像的深空探测自主导航系统属于典型的欠观测系统.为提升此类自主导航系统的精度和工程实用性,需以可观测性理论研究为基础,指导自主导航系统的设计及工程实现.针对可观测性理论研究的实际需求,本文首先从非线性系统可观测能力的表征、判定及量化等三个方面系统地阐述了现有理论及方法的研究现状;之后,调研了一类欠观测系统(基于序列图像的自主导航系统)的可观测性分析方法,给出了针对此类系统的可观测性研究现状,并讨论了各方法之间的优劣;最后,通过对已有成果进行总结归纳,探讨了现阶段欠观测系统可观测性研究存在的不足以及未来的发展趋势.     

基于天文测角测速组合的小行星探测器自主导航方法

自主导航是保障深空探测任务顺利实施的关键技术之一,本文针对小行星探测器在实际工程任务中对天文自主导航能力的需求,提出了天文光谱测速结合天文图像测角的组合自主导航方法,实现小行星探测器连续自主、实时高精度导航.以主带小行星谷神星探测任务为背景,分析了本文所提出的组合导航方法的可观测性,并基于UKF算法,给出了组合导航系统仿真分析.仿真结果表明,组合导航系统的可观测性更好,对比传统的地面无线电导航或者测角导航方法,导航结果精度更高、实时性更优,可为小行星探测器变轨修正等提供准确的导航信息.本文所给出的组合导航方法有效可靠、工程实现简单,为我国小行星探测工程任务及后续深空重大任务的实施提供参考.     

双体小行星探测协同光学导航方法研究

双体小行星探测已成为当前深空探测的重要领域,提高双体小行星探测器的导航精度是该领域的研究重点之一.本文以球体-椭球体的双体小行星模型为背景,设计了一种基于双探测器对双体小行星光学观测信息和星间测量信息的自主协同导航方案.考虑到从星相对于主星的位置不确知会影响探测器的导航精度,本文设计了对从星状态进行扩展估计的导航滤波器.特别地,通过分析导航系统的可观测度和轨迹约束,本文重点研究了导航观测几何构型并优化导航信息,实现探测器和双体小行星的最优构型配置,从而使探测器沿优化轨迹飞行时导航性能最优,最后通过仿真分析并验证探测器沿优化轨迹飞行时的导航性能.以上研究方法和仿真结果可为我国未来小行星探测提供参考和支持.     

基于序列图像的深空小天体探测自主相对导航误差补偿方法研究

深空小天体是典型的空间非合作目标.基于序列图像的空间非合作目标自主相对导航是实现小天体探测的重要技术手段.由于在轨环境复杂,相机不可避免地会出现测量偏差,进而影响相对导航状态估计精度.本文在充分利用相机视场内恒星序列图像的基础上,通过最小二乘法计算相机在轨标定初值,结合测量偏差状态转移模型和"恒星对"之间的星光角距测量方程,将测量偏差扩维成状态估计参数,构建了基于相机在轨误差补偿的相对导航状态估计模型.结合无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,通过序列图像的帧间信息对比进行迭代估计,获得相机测量偏差和相对导航系统状态,提高状态估计精度.仿真分析中采用2016HO3小天体作为相对导航目标,仿真结果说明了该方法的有效性,能够有效地补偿相机测量偏差,实现相对导航系统状态高精度估计,为后续开展相关任务提供了一定的技术支撑.     

基于脉冲星和太阳敏感器的日地系Halo轨道组合导航研究

为提高平动点轨道探测器的自主导航能力,提出一种利用X射线脉冲星和太阳敏感器的导航算法. 利用X射线脉冲星导航理论,用X射线探测器测量X射线脉冲到达时间,同时利用太阳敏感器测量太阳视线方向矢量,建立导航系统观测方程. 在高精度星历模型下,对日地系Halo轨道建立数学模型,利用二级微分修正方法获取地球质心惯性系下的标称轨道,利用基于UD分解的联邦Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法进行状态估计,并研究了摄动因素对导航结果的影响. 仿真结果表明,该方法能够完成日地系平动点轨道的自主导航,并且比X射线脉冲星单独导航具有更高的导航精度.      

卫星导航系统自主导航技术研究与验证

本文结合全球卫星导航系统自主导航技术发展现状,介绍了自主导航能力的发展特点及重要作用,分析设计了卫星导航系统自主导航体系架构,并对自主导航关键的时空基准保持技术进行了分析,提出了基于星间观测的完全自主导航的滤波算法、滤波状态噪声协方差信息选择方法及自主导航星载数据处理方法.论证了基于地面观测数据(锚固站)的半自主导航方法,比较了不同锚固站分布、数量及观测周期对自主导航性能的影响,并利用一套地面仿真试验系统验证了自主和半自主模式下的精密定轨和时间同步精度,可为卫星导航系统自主导航设计提供参考.     

日地系统L2点Halo轨道自主天文导航及精度分析

针对运行于日地L₂点Halo轨道探测器,给出了质心惯性坐标系和质心旋转坐标系中的探测器运动方程,并建立了以星光角距作为观测量的导航模型,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法解算探测器位置,以Cramér-Rao误差下界（CRLB）为系统可观测度的度量标准分析了不同的状态量和观测量对导航性能的影响. 通过数值仿真发现导航坐标系、主天体、导航恒星数目以及滤波器采样周期等因素对导航性能的影响较大,并依据平动点轨道运动学分析了以上因素对导航精度的影响.      

基于双目光学图像信息的空间非合作目标自主相对导航方法

针对无任何先验信息的空间非合作目标相对导航问题,提出了一种仅基于双目视觉图像测量的自主相对导航方法.首先,建立了非合作目标双目图像测量辨识模型及特征位置矢量解算方法.利用观测卫星相机系下的目标相对位置矢量观测序列,结合卫星姿态、相机安装方位等信息,给出了非合作目标初始相对运动状态估计及导航滤波参数初始化方法.之后采用考虑状态噪声补偿以及观测方差矩阵和状态噪声矩阵自适应修正的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,完成空间非合作目标自主相对导航解算.最后以低轨非合作目标逼近段为例进行相对导航仿真,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于单探测器的低轨航天器X射线脉冲星导航算法

近年来脉冲星自主导航技术飞速发展,即将在低轨道(LEO)航天器开展验证。为了适应低轨航天器载荷轻量化、小型化的需求,研究了基于单探测器的X射线脉冲星导航扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,并针对单脉冲星导航和轮流观测多脉冲星导航两种方案,分别进行了算法仿真。仿真结果表明,仅观测单脉冲星无法实现长期自主导航,但能够将轨道预报误差降低25.9%,提高短期自主导航精度。而单探测器轮流观测多脉冲星可实现长期自主导航,其导航误差达到514 m,与多探测器同时观测多脉冲星传统算法相当。     

角度约束辅助测量的深空探测器自主天文测角导航方法

高精度的天文量测信息是满足深空探测器高精度自主天文测角导航的必要条件.天文测角量测信息多种多样,之间具有几何约束关系,测量误差具有不同特性且符合相应的约束条件.本文提出了一种基于角度约束辅助测量的深空探测器自主天文测角导航方法,该方法以深空探测器轨道动力学模型作为状态模型,以火星、火卫一和火卫二与探测器之间的方位角作为量测量建立量测模型,并对量测量进行角度约束建模,然后利用遗传算法-序列二次规划混合非线性规划方法对角度约束模型进行非线性规划,由于系统模型均为非线性模型,因此本文利用容积卡尔曼滤波对系统状态进行估计,减小随机误差,并分析了天文测角的量测精度对导航精度的影响.仿真结果表明,本文所提方法可有效抑制多源随机量测误差,实现深空探测器高精度自主导航.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with