月面自主精确软着陆的景象匹配方法研究

为提高月球探测器自主软着陆的落点精度,利用绕月飞行器和着陆探测器下落图像,提出一种基于尺度信息的多模板递阶景象匹配方法.在月面图像尺度空间上快速提取FAST角点,并确定特征点精确尺度、位置和方向.在特征点邻域建立图像块采样模式,通过图像块像素比较形成二进制串特征描述子,利用海明距离(Hamming distance)进行特征匹配.实验结果表明,目标在尺度缩放、旋转和光照变化等极端条件下,该算法能够实时完成月面着陆目标区域的准确识别和稳定跟踪,实现月球探测器的远距离、高精度自主导引着陆.      

基于深度学习的无人机单目视觉避障算法

针对基于单目视觉的无人机(UAV)避障问题,本研究提出基于单目深度估计和目标检测的四旋翼自主避障方法。其中,单目深度估计模型提供障碍物像素级别的深度信息,目标检测模型提供障碍物的位置信息。单张红绿蓝(RGB)图像的深度图和目标检测结果由卷积神经网络(CNN)获得;图像的区域划分以目标检测结果为依据,区域深度以深度估计结果为计算依据;规划算法依据区域深度和区域划分结果计算无人机的线速度和角速度,实现无人机的自主避障。为验证算法的自主避障性能,采用Parrot Bebop2无人机对本研究提出的算法与直飞算法进行实飞对比实验。结果表明:本研究提出的算法可用于四旋翼无人机的低速自主避障。     

嫦娥三号软着陆轨道模型及最优控制策略

基于嫦娥三号在月球预定区域内实现软着陆的轨道设计要求,建立着陆轨道设计与最优控制策略模型。首先,利用月心惯性参考系建立着陆准备轨道位置模型,确定近月点和远月点的位置;利用开普勒第二定律、机械守恒定律建立卫星速度模型,得到近月点和远月点的速度。然后,利用微分方程理论建立着陆轨道模型,得到主减速阶段的最优化策略;利用灰度值理论和Matlab软件,得到快速调整阶段,避障阶段,缓速下降阶段的最优化策略。     

角度约束辅助测量的深空探测器自主天文测角导航方法

高精度的天文量测信息是满足深空探测器高精度自主天文测角导航的必要条件.天文测角量测信息多种多样,之间具有几何约束关系,测量误差具有不同特性且符合相应的约束条件.本文提出了一种基于角度约束辅助测量的深空探测器自主天文测角导航方法,该方法以深空探测器轨道动力学模型作为状态模型,以火星、火卫一和火卫二与探测器之间的方位角作为量测量建立量测模型,并对量测量进行角度约束建模,然后利用遗传算法-序列二次规划混合非线性规划方法对角度约束模型进行非线性规划,由于系统模型均为非线性模型,因此本文利用容积卡尔曼滤波对系统状态进行估计,减小随机误差,并分析了天文测角的量测精度对导航精度的影响.仿真结果表明,本文所提方法可有效抑制多源随机量测误差,实现深空探测器高精度自主导航.     

基于IMU和两信标节点的高精度概率推测定位系统

传统的定位系统需要3个或3个以上的环境节点到未知节点的距离信息帮助定位,而在很多恶劣多变的环境中,这一前提往往难以得到满足。提出运用一个惯性测量单元和两个环境节点传感器(信标节点)对未知的移动传感器节点实现定位。两个环境节点与移动节点共同属于Cricket系统,该系统利用射频信号和超声波信号在空气中传输速度的不同,通过测量两种信号到达时间的差值去获得环境节点和位置节点之间的距离估计。提出首先根据固定在未知节点上的惯性测量单元的测量输出和上一时刻的最优估计位置,估计出未知节点当前时刻的位置,根据惯性测量系统测量噪声模型,可以推断出未知节点当前时刻的真实位置在此估计位置为中心的某区域内。再根据未知节点与两个环境节点的估计距离,通过仿真测量噪声模型,利用最小均方估计和最大后验估计算法,最终分别得到未知节点的最优估计位置和次优估计位置。仿真和实验表明了本算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

一种新的三维CT扫描系统投影坐标原点的高精度测量方法

针对实际的三维CT扫描成像系统射线源焦点和探测器成像面的位置不能直接测量的问题,提出了一种简单易行的投影坐标系原点位置精确测量方法.利用双圆目标体二次成像获得的DR(Digital Radiography)图像,配合图像、图形处理方法和最小二乘拟合技术求取不同成像位置下的目标体圆心投影坐标,然后求解方程组得到投影坐标系的原点坐标.实验结果表明,所提出方法的测量精度达到了实际扫描系统的重建要求,并且实现简单、具有较强的抗噪能力.     

深空探测器VLBI成图技术研究

VLBI天线阵通过交替观测深空探测器与邻近河外射电参考源,所获数据经过相关处理后可进行相位参考成图,获得深空探测器图像.图像中心的位置对应着探测器与位置精确已知的参考源的相对位置,可用于探测器的高精度定位.但VLBI是一种稀疏干涉阵列阵,其成图原理不同于光学成像.本文研究了深空探测器VLBI成图技术,包括目标脏图重建和去卷积图像恢复算法,编写了专门的成图软件ProbeMap.利用该软件,中国VLBI网数据中心完成了对嫦娥三号和火星快车的实测数据成图处理.比对结果验证了本文成图方法的正确性.未来该技术可用于我国月球与深空探测器的高精度成图定位.     

拦截机动目标自适应反馈线性化末制导律

针对采用反馈线性化制导律拦截机动目标时,需要相对运动模型精确,对参数不确定无法保证系统鲁棒性的问题,提出一种自适应反馈线性化制导律设计方法.将目标机动加速度视为未知量,建立拦截器与目标的非线性相对运动模型.应用反馈线性化和模型参考自适应理论获得制导律,同时对目标加速度进行估计.该制导律形式简单,不需要知道目标精确的加速度信息.仿真结果表明该制导律能完成不确定机动目标的拦截.     

嫦娥三号软着陆轨道设计与控制策略

针对嫦娥三号软着陆轨道设计与控制策略,结合动力学、微分方程等知识,主要建立多元非线性规划模型、模糊C均值聚类模型等,用于粗避障和精避障阶段优选着陆区的筛选,并通过对模型的定量和定性分析,得出嫦娥三号软着陆轨道设计与控制策略;又对第二阶段末端着陆器速度方向与竖直向下的夹角和其他控制过程进行敏感性分析和误差分析;最后对模型总体各阶段优缺点进行评价.     

嫦娥三号软着陆预测及优化模型

本文是对2014年全国大学生数学建模竞赛A题的解答.本文利用动力学模型,基于变推力发动机结合螺旋搜索等算法解决了嫦娥三号软着陆预测及优化问题.在问题一中,首先建立物理学模型,解出嫦娥三号着陆准备轨道近、远月点速度大小;然后在主减速阶段,建立了主减速变推力动力学模型,对主减速阶段嫦娥三号所经过的极角θ进行求解,加以考虑月球自转带来的影响,确定着陆准备轨道近月点和远月点的位置以及嫦娥三号在近、远月点的速度方向.在问题二中,建立变推力发动机燃耗优化模型对于问题一中的主减速阶段进行优化;以安全半径与速度增量为指标建立综合评价模型,求出粗避障式安全的降落范围;精避障阶段以保证安全为前提,建立评价指标为不平坦程度与平均坡度的综合评价模型确定精确降落区域.最后根据对每个阶段建立的力学模型,进行求解.最后综合起来确定嫦娥三号的着陆轨道和在6个阶段的最优控制策略.在问题三中,建立误差模型对设计的着陆轨道和控制策略做相应的误差分析,并且利用单因素敏感性分析对主减速阶段与剩余4阶段进行自变量与因变量敏感度计算.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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