21世纪化学工程技术的开发热点

（1）催化反应工程．开发新型催化剂，例如生物催化剂、固体催化剂和碱催化剂、纳米级催化材料与催化剂、相转移催化剂、多功能催化剂、膜催化材料等具有重要意义．催化反应工程的研究充分发挥了催化剂的优蔑特性，两者互补可以创造出世界上生产规模最大、经济效益最好的催化裂化反应过程．     

2,3,5-三甲基氢醌连续合成工艺中失活催化剂的表征

通过对2,3,5-三甲基氢醌(TMHQ)连续合成工艺中失活催化剂活性组分、硫含量、比表面积及孔容的变化、催化剂表面形貌等进行分析以及对失活催化剂进行再生处理,研究催化剂失活的原因.研究结果表明:催化剂在运转前后活性组分含量、比表面积和孔容变化不大,不足以引起催化剂活性大幅度地下降;催化剂中的硫含量随催化剂运转时间的延长而增加,但对于贵金属催化剂属无毒物;运转后催化剂的沉积物只是疏松地吸附在催化剂的表面,对其比表面积和孔客的影响不大.催化剂失活的一个主要原因是催化剂表面沉积了TMHQ和少量的2,3,5-三甲基苯醌.     

缓和加氢裂化催化剂表面酸性对催化剂活性的影响

用浸渍法制备了两个系列的含分子筛催化剂,用溶剂法和吡啶吸附红外光谱法研究了催化剂表面酸性,并在连续微反装置上以正辛烷为原料,评价了催化剂活性。在此实验基础上,探讨了催化剂表面酸性和催化剂活性之间的关系。实验结果表明,催化剂中分子筛类型和含量影响催化剂表面总酸量、强酸量、L酸量以及B酸量。催化剂表面B酸中心是催化剂加氢裂化活性中心,催化剂表面L酸中心能提高催化剂的抗氮性能,因而可提高催化剂对含氮化合物原料的加氢裂化性能。     

CO2选择性加氢制甲醇非铜基催化剂研究进展

 综述了CO₂选择性加氢制甲醇非铜基催化剂的研究进展,着重讨论了负载型金属催化剂、双金属催化剂、固溶体催化剂、氧化铟基催化剂。分析表明,以M_aZrO_x（M_a=Zn,Ga,Cd）固溶体催化剂为代表的新兴复合氧化物催化剂及In₂O₃基催化剂,可同时实现高甲醇选择性、高甲醇收率、良好稳定性,极具大规模工业化应用前景。     

SCR脱硝催化剂再生试验研究

采用筛分、洗涤、吹扫等方法彻底清除废旧SCR催化剂中的积灰,得到基本不含灰尘的SCR催化剂,利用包括酸洗、碱洗等方法除去催化剂表面残存的微量杂质,将废SCR催化剂中的砷、铝、铁、钠、钾、硫、钙、硅等有害成分降低至新产品水平.对上述处理的催化剂进行补钒实验,通过再生处理,废SCR催化剂化学成分可以达到新产SCR催化剂水平.     

铁镍锆复合金属氧化物催化剂脱NOx性能研究

以浸渍法制备了Fe-O、Fe-N i-O、Fe-N i-Zr-O金属氧化物催化剂,考察了催化剂活性组分Fe的含量、反应温度、空速及催化剂的焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,并用XRD、BET技术对其进行了表征,结果表明催化剂Fe-N i-Zr-O比催化剂Fe-O、Fe-N i-O具有较好的脱除NOx的活性.     

蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂磨蚀研究

对蜂窝式SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)催化剂磨蚀行为进行了研究,在实践的基础上结合侵蚀速率的经验表达式,提出了反应器内催化剂侵蚀速率及催化剂侵蚀承受系数β。其次,对催化剂磨蚀模型进行了研究,结合实践导出了催化剂综合磨蚀系数值及不同孔数催化剂的临界侵蚀速率。最后,分析了飞灰对催化剂磨蚀的影响及在飞灰作用下催化剂的壁厚减薄规律。结果表明,不同孔数的催化剂其承受烟气侵蚀的能力不同,孔数越少的催化剂侵蚀承受系数β值越大,反之越小;不同孔数的催化剂其综合磨蚀系数a_H不同,18孔、20孔催化剂其综合磨蚀系数a_H较其它催化剂低,但是其临界侵蚀速率EC/λ较其它催化剂高;飞灰中粗颗粒飞灰、不合理的飞灰级配、飞灰中Al_2O_3及SiO_2的含量、飞灰的入射角及在反应器内的灰场分布等是导致催化剂飞灰磨蚀的重要因素,当飞灰中Al_2O_3及SiO_2的含量超过80%、飞灰的入射角偏差超过±10°时,催化剂的磨蚀速率明显增加;当灰场分布偏差大于20%时,催化剂局部磨蚀速率明显增加,飞灰覆盖堵塞催化剂风险加大;通过飞灰作用下催化剂壁厚减薄的规律分析,总结提出了催化剂的磨蚀主要是烟气的入口效应引起,通过增加催化剂硬化段长度及提高硬化段硬化效果可以有效缓解催化剂磨蚀。     

CO2选择性加氢制甲醇非铜基催化剂研究进展

 综述了CO₂选择性加氢制甲醇非铜基催化剂的研究进展，着重讨论了负载型金属催化剂、双金属催化剂、固溶体催化剂、氧化铟基催化剂。分析表明，以M_aZrO_x（M_a=Zn，Ga，Cd）固溶体催化剂为代表的新兴复合氧化物催化剂及In₂O₃基催化剂，可同时实现高甲醇选择性、高甲醇收率、良好稳定性，极具大规模工业化应用前景。     

质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂的研究进展

综述了近几年质子交换膜燃料电池中阳极催化剂和阴极催化剂的研究进展,对主要的阳极抗CO催化剂铂系合金催化剂的性能和机理进行了简介,其中Pt-Mo、Pt-WO3被认为是很有希望的抗CO的阳极催化剂.另外,多组分催化剂是比较有希望的研究方向.对阴极催化剂中的铂系合金、过渡金属、过渡金属复合氧化物、特别是钙钛石型氧化物等催化剂的性能和发展现状也作了简单评述.     

乙苯脱氢催化剂制备方法的改进

介绍了乙苯脱氢催化剂的制备方法和制备工艺改进历程,将LH365M催化剂与LH365、进口催化剂在物理性能和化学性能上作了对比,针对乙苯脱氢工艺的发展情况,提出了理想的乙苯脱氢催化剂制备工艺。结果表明:通过催化剂配方的调整、原料预处理的改进和催化剂制备工艺、设备的改进,催化剂的物理性能和化学性能有了明显的提高,在化学性能上已接近国际同类先进催化剂的水平。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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