蜂窝网格型球面网壳的非线性稳定性研究

针对单层蜂窝网格型球面网壳利用有限元软件ANSYS对其进行了非线性稳定性研究.首先对两类蜂窝网格型球面网壳的稳定性能进行对比分析,确定了一种比较合理的网格布置形式.然后进行参数分析,分析了跨度、矢跨比、网格大小、初始缺陷、荷载不对称分布和材料非线性对网壳稳定性的影响.研究发现:在两类蜂窝网格形式的球面网壳中,网格Ⅰ型的整体稳定性能更好;分析建议其跨度不宜大于40m,矢跨比取0.25左右,杆件长度取2m左右,此时网壳整体稳定性较好,材料利用率较高;材料非线性对单层蜂窝网格型球面网壳的稳定承载力影响显著,考虑材料非线性后,网壳稳定承载力下降达50%;网壳对初始缺陷非常敏感,其理论最大缺陷值为跨度的1/150,此时网壳极限承载力最大下降达52%左右;网壳结构对荷载不对称分布不敏感.     

考虑杆件屈曲网壳结构动力稳定矢跨比优化

为研究在动力载荷作用下考虑杆件屈曲的单层球面网壳结构对矢跨比的敏感性,本文采用非线性有限单元法,对四种不同矢跨比的存在杆件缺陷的单层球面网壳结构进行非线性稳定全过程分析.研究结果表明:考虑杆件屈曲的单层球面网壳结构在动力载荷作用下的稳定性因矢跨比的不同有较大差异,并通过比较得出较优矢跨比.通过本文的研究,为在动力载荷作用下考虑杆件屈曲的单层球面网壳结构矢跨比设计提供理论依据.     

考虑杆件初弯曲的单层球面网壳稳定性能

基于通用有限元软件ANSYS及自编的前后处理程序,针对是否考虑杆件初弯曲的单层球面网壳结构进行对比分析.采用随机缺陷模态法进行了考虑杆件初弯曲的2800余例K8型单层球面网壳的弹塑性荷载-位移全过程分析,掌握了弯曲角度、幅值随机变量对网壳稳定性能的影响规律.论证了一致缺陷模态法和特征缺陷模态法计算杆件初弯曲对网壳极限承载力影响的适用性.提出了适用于计算考虑杆件初弯曲影响的网壳极限承载力修正的一致缺陷模态法.采用修正的一致缺陷模态法进行了300余例考虑杆件初弯曲的K8型单层球面网壳的弹塑性全过程分析.结果显示:采用修正的一致缺陷模态法可以计算考虑杆件初弯曲的单层球面网壳极限承载力的最小值.杆件初弯曲能够降低单层球面网壳的极限承载力,并改变其屈曲模态和塑性发展分布.当最大允许初弯曲为杆件长度的1/1 000时,网壳极限承载力最大下降5%以上;当最大允许初弯曲为杆件长度的2/1 000时,网壳极限承载力最大下降10%以上.     

单层网壳结构非线性稳定的随机缺陷模态法研究

采用随机缺陷模态法对凯威特–联方型单层网壳进行非线性稳定分析,研究了随机缺陷空间样本数量、矢跨比等因素对网壳结构稳定极限荷载的影响,并将随机缺陷模态法计算结果与一致缺陷模态法计算结果进行了对比.结果表明:采用概率统计方法对该网壳进行稳定分析时,随机缺陷样本数量应不小于90;对于矢跨比较大的单层网壳结构,采用一致缺陷模态法计算稳定临界荷载的概率可靠度较低,需要采用随机缺陷模态法加以验证;当网壳结构的矢跨比小于1/6时,两种初始缺陷分布方法计算出的稳定承载力较为接近.     

杆件屈曲对单层球面网壳结构稳定性的影响

为研究杆件屈曲对单层球面网壳结构整体稳定性的影响,采用非线性有限单元法,在考虑节点缺陷和杆件缺陷的基础上,通过削减K8型单层球面网壳结构一径向不同位置处的杆件截面使其在网壳结构发生整体失稳之前屈曲,分别在静力载荷和地震载荷作用下,研究不同位置处的杆件屈曲对K8型单层球面网壳结构整体稳定性的影响.研究结果表明:在静力载荷作用下,不同位置处的杆件屈曲会不同程度的降低网壳结构极限承载力;在地震载荷作用下,单根杆件结构的首先屈曲会使网壳结构刚度降低.     

单层网壳结构稳定性分析的随机缺陷模态迭加法

根据几何非线性有限元理论,结合单层网壳结构的随机缺陷概率模型,提出了基于Timeshenko梁理论的网壳结构稳定性随机缺陷模态迭加法,推导建立空间Timeshenko梁单元的几何非线性切线刚度矩阵方程,在特征值屈曲分析基础上,建立结构缺陷模态参与系数的概率模型,采用Monte Carlo法对具有随机缺陷的结构进行稳定承载力分析,进而提出了单层网壳结构稳定性随机缺陷模态迭加法.算例分析表明,该法克服了已有传统方法随机变量过多的局限,可精确识别出结构失稳的最不利缺陷模式,获得最不利缺陷分布下的稳定承载力,并可对结构屈曲的全过程进行跟踪分析,具有良好的计算精度和计算效率.     

拉杆式柱面温室网壳的稳定性能分析

双向网格型单层柱面网壳透光好,耗钢量低,适用于温室结构设计.为了进一步拓宽网壳跨度,通过布置拉杆的方式确保网壳具有足够的刚度,开发了大跨度拉杆式单层柱面温室网壳体系.本文以大规模参数分析作为研究手段,利用通用有限元程序ANSYS以及自编的前后处理程序,针对拉杆式柱面温室网壳开展800余例非线性全过程分析,通过结构极限承载力论证布杆方式的有效性,考察了屈曲模态、塑性发展分布等特征响应,总结长宽比、矢跨比、拉杆预应力、初始几何缺陷、荷载不对称分布等因素对温室网壳弹塑性稳定承载力的影响规律.为使温室网壳安全可靠度可以得到有效的保证,做到充分考虑初始几何缺陷对网壳结构稳定性能的影响,文中采用"3σ"原则对塑性折减系数进行重新核定,取值范围为0.60~0.88.     

单层倒悬链型柱面网壳的非线性稳定性研究

针对拱准线形式为悬链线的单层倒悬链型柱面网壳结构,首先对比分析了其常见的3种网格形式的稳定性能,确定了一种合理的网格布置形式,然后与单层圆柱面网壳的稳定性作了比较,最后进行了大规模的参数分析,较全面系统地研究了单层倒悬链型柱面网壳的静力稳定性,包括长宽比、矢宽比、杆件截面尺寸、初始几何缺陷和荷载不对称分布各参数对结构极限荷载的影响.研究表明:常见网格形式的单层倒悬链型柱面网壳,以斜杆I型的整体稳定性能最好,且相比单层圆柱面网壳,其刚度和极限承载力都得到了较大的提高;长宽比、矢宽比对单层倒悬链型柱面网壳极限承载力影响显著并具有良好的规律性,结构横向加劲肋间距应小于横向宽度;网壳极限承载力与截面等效刚度呈线性关系;初始几何缺陷对结构影响较显著,当缺陷达到波宽的1/300时,网壳极限荷载最大降低达57%;结构对不对称荷载作用不敏感.     

基于等稳定要求网壳结构截面优化设计

单层网壳结构是缺陷敏感结构,为降低结构稳定承载力对缺陷的敏感性,提出以稳定承载力随缺陷波动最小(等稳定)为目标函数的单层球面网壳结构截面优化设计方法,即将网壳结构杆件按照缺陷敏感区域进行分组,采用序列两级算法对该分组下的网壳结构模型进行截面优化设计,考虑结构强度、刚度、双重非线性整体稳定等约束条件和随机出现的初始几何缺陷。结果表明,相比于未经截面优化设计的网壳结构,优化得到的新网壳结构在随机给定的28种满足正态分布的初始几何缺陷下,其稳定承载力的均值较大、均方差较小(稳定承载力波动较小),有效提高了网壳结构稳定承载力,降低了网壳结构稳定承载力对初始几何缺陷的敏感性,同时耗钢量略省。     

单层倒悬链型叉筒网壳静力与稳定性研究

针对以倒悬链线作为交叉柱面准线的单层倒悬链型叉筒网壳,对其常见网格形式结构的静力与稳定性进行比较,得到了结构最佳网格形式.在此基础上,将单层倒悬链型叉筒网壳与圆弧型叉筒网壳进行了静力性能与稳定承载力对比,研究了倒悬链型叉筒网壳的稳定性,包括屈曲模态及杆件截面尺寸、结构几何缺陷、荷载不对称分布与支座约束形式等对结构极限承载力的影响.结果表明,单层倒悬链型叉筒网壳三角形网格形式结构性能最佳;该结构相比圆弧型叉筒网壳具有明显的优越性;初始缺陷对结构稳定性影响较为显著,计算时应考虑1/300跨度的初始缺陷峰值;结构对不对称荷载作用较为敏感;矢跨比为0.50时,网壳的稳定性最好,为最优矢跨比.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that