土壤中重金属污染源分析研究

针对某市表层土壤分析数据,判断该市各功能区污染程度和污染源.由单因子指数分析和富集系数分布图可知,金属Cu、Hg、Cd、Pb在该市工业区属于重度污染,As、Cu、Cd、Hg和Pb在该市生活区为重度污染,在主干道路区Hg、Cd和Pb呈中、重度污染.由卡梅罗综合污染指数得出该市功能区污染程度依次为工业区、主干道路区、生活区、公园绿地区和山区.金属空间分布图表示元素的浓度较高点均集中在工业区、主干道路区和生活区,而由主成分分析能定量的描述出Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Cd在主成分中占较大比重,由R型聚类分析知Pb、As、Hg具有较大的相关性,由此可知由此城市土壤污染主要来源于工业污水排放、生活垃圾以及汽车尾气的排放.     

典型铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤重金属复合污染特征研究

应用地积累指数、相关分析、聚类分析及主成分分析对湖南某典型铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中重金属(Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn)复合污染特征进行了研究.结果表明,Cd达到强-极严重污染,Pb和Zn为中等污染,其余为轻度-中等污染.Cd的污染频率最大,达到95.8%;其次是Pb和Zn,均是91.7%;其余大小依次是Cu(87.5%)、Hg(70.8%)、Cr(62.5%)、As(29.2%).Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量存在两两之间的极显著或显著相关性.地积累指数聚类分析将7种重金属分为3组:Cd、Hg-Pb-Zn、Cu-Cr-As,这3组的地积累指数逐渐减小.主成分分析中的前2个主成分能解释总信息的80.31%;第1主成分能解释63.27%的信息,主要反映Pb、Zn、Hg、Cu、As、Cd的富集程度;第2主成分主要反映Cr的富集信息.图2,表7,参8.     

海州湾北部沉积物重金属来源解析及污染评价

基于海州湾北部海域15个采样站位表层沉积物7种重金属含量(As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd)测定,研究了重金属空间分布特征,采用主成分分析法解析重金属来源,应用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价重金属污染程度和生态危害程度.结果表明:Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和As 5种元素平均含量超过江苏海涂背景值,分别是背景值的2.62、2.58、1.80、1.35和1.24倍,存在明显的富集.研究区重金属来源以自然来源为主,Cr和Hg受自然来源控制;Zn、As、Cd和Cu主要来源于工业、农业和生活污染;Pb来源于船舶污染.地累积指数法评价结果显示,Pb和Cd地累积指数高于其他元素,为轻度—偏中度污染.潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,研究区总体处于低生态风险水平,Cd为主要风险元素,达到中—较高生态风险水平,其他元素均为低风险.     

衡阳市区空气颗粒物的污染特征研究

2014年4~5月在衡阳市区四个典型的城市功能区设置采样点,共采集了47个大气样品,对空气颗粒物（ TSP、PM2.5）的污染状况进行调查,分析其中的重金属（ Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg）含量及其形态分布.结果表明,大部分采样点PM2.5浓度超过国家环境空气质量标准（ GB3095—2012）中的二级浓度限值,部分地段TSP浓度超标;空气颗粒物中重金属元素质量含量大小的顺序为：Pb＞Cu＞As＞Cd＞Hg,这些重金属元素更容易富集在细颗粒物PM2.5上;形态分析表明,As、Hg主要以残渣态存在, Pb、Cd、Cu则以可交换态和残渣态存在较多.     

基于标准化方法的峰峰煤矿塌陷区农田表层土壤重金属污染评价研究

为进一步评估煤矿塌陷对农田土壤环境的影响,文章系统采集测试了煤矿塌陷区农田表层土壤39件,运用标准化方法对重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn进行了污染评价研究。结果表明峰峰煤炭塌陷区农田表层土壤重金属元素均值均高于全国土壤环境背景均值。表层土壤重金属元素污染组合特征为:元素Pb、Cr、As和Ni为一族;元素Hg、Cd、Zn、Cu为一族。表层土壤明显受到了重金属元素Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn的污染。重金属元素Hg的污染程度以轻度为主,中度为辅;重金属元素As、Cd、Cu和Zn为点状轻度污染。     

江西省南丰蜜桔土壤重金属特征评价及源解析

为了了解江西南丰蜜桔土壤环境条件,通过Excel、Arcgis软件、单因子污染、Nemerow综合污染和潜在生态风险分别对南丰蜜桔表层土壤中Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Ni等重金属的含量统计、空间分布、污染特征及来源进行了评价和分析.结果表明,表层土壤重金属Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu和Zn均值含量高于江西省土壤背景值.所有重金属元素的平均值均未超过国家农用地土壤污染风险控制标准的筛选值.频率直方图显示Cd、Cu和Hg的分布呈右偏,而Cr、As、Hg、Pb、Zn和Ni的分布接近正态分布.土壤污染特征评价结果表明,Cr和Ni的单因子污染评价为安全范围;Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu和Zn均有不同程度的单因子污染,但总体污染程度较低.Nemerow综合污染指数显示,重度重金属污染主要集中在城区工业园区附近以及研究区的东北部和中南部.Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Zn和Ni的潜在生态风险评价属于轻微生态风险,而Cd和Hg存在不同程度的潜在风险.综合潜在生态风险评价强风险和极强风险主要分布在城区工业园附近和中南部.Cd、Hg、As和Cu的空间分布相似,含量高值出现在城区工业园区附近;Pb、Zn和Ni的空间分布相似,含量高值出现在东南部,Cr的含量高值出现在东北部和东南部.根据Pearson相关矩阵、主成分分析和主成分-绝对主成分得分受体模型分析表明,Cr和Ni主要来自自然源,Cd、Hg、As和Cu主要来自工业活动,Pb和Zn主要来自农业活动,部分Pb来自交通源,南丰蜜桔表层土壤环境质量总体良好.     

2014年茅尾海海水及表层沉积物中6种重金属污染及评价

采集了广西钦州茅尾海12个海水样品和对应的海洋表层沉积物样品,分析了茅尾海海水及表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As的含量,并利用单因子污染指数评价了海水及沉积物在该区的污染程度及利用地积累指数法评价了该区表层沉积物的重金属污染程度。结果表明:海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As平均含量均符合海渔业水质标准,但是Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg平均含量均超出第一类海洋水质标准,且Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg有超标现象。表层沉积物重金属平均污染指数均小于1,均符合一类标准,但是重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As有超标现象。Pb、Zn、As的地积累指数均较小,Cu、Cd、Hg的地积累指数略大,污染多在钦江和大榄江的入海口附近。     

五大连池药泉湖沉积物中重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

对黑龙江省五大连池药泉湖6个采样点沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As、Hg、Cd7个指标的空间分布进行监测调查,并采用瑞典科学家Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对监测结果进行污染程度评价。结果表明：药泉湖沉积物中Cd和As的含量较高,尤其是Cd的潜在生态危害极强,6个采样点的潜在生态危害均很强,污染最严重处为林业局入水口。     

长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

调查了2009年长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量,平均含量为Cu 27.88 mg/kg、Pb 22.98 mg/kg、Zn 95.88 mg/kg、Cd 0.178 mg/kg、Cr 41.01 mg/kg、Hg 0.031 mg/kg、As 11.40 mg/kg.空间分布上,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As 6种重金属含量均在杭州湾北部及长江口南汇交界处呈现最大值,而Cr在调查海域的东部逐渐向近岸海域递减.运用主成分分析评价沉积物中重金属污染来源,同时采用Hakanson指数法评价了沉积物重金属生态风险,结果显示:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属元素的潜在生态风险整体表现为轻微.7种重金属元素对长江口及邻近海域潜在生态综合危害的大小贡献顺序为:Cd＞As＞Hg＞Cu=Pb＞Cr＞Zn.Cd的Eir值对RI值的权重贡献最大,即Cd表现为首要的潜在生态风险因子.     

广州市某垃圾填埋场环境地球化学评价及健康风险评估

为研究垃圾场区域重金属积累对周边土壤的污染及人体健康影响,以广州市某垃圾场为例,采用单因子评价及健康风险模型方法进行评估.测得了其中41个采样点As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的丰度;讨论了重金属含量与成土母质相关性、重金属间元素聚类分析组合特征,并统计了风险筛选点和管制点;进而圈定了地球化学异常;进行了...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~