SDS促进剂对甲烷水合物蓄冷量的影响

甲烷水合物蓄冷量的确定是甲烷水合物蓄冷降温技术实现工业化的关键。为探究SDS对甲烷水合物蓄冷量的影响,根据Clausius-Clapeyron方程及三参数对应态原理,建立甲烷水合物蓄冷量的计算模型。利用可视化水合物蓄冷实验系统,结合定温压力搜索法测定四组不同SDS浓度体系下甲烷水合物的相平衡条件。依据实验数据和该模型计算得到不同体系、不同相平衡参数下甲烷水合物的蓄冷量。结果表明:甲烷水合物具有较高的蓄冷密度,蓄冷量达40~60 kJ/mol;甲烷水合物的蓄冷量不但与相平衡条件有关,还与SDS的添加浓度有关。相平衡温度越高、SDS添加浓度越高,甲烷气体生成水合物时蓄冷量越低。该研究为甲烷水合物蓄冷降温系统的研制提供了参考。     

甲烷水合固化过程反应热实验研究

为及时将气体水合过程中的反应热传递出去,使水合物稳定快速生成,利用可视化实验系统研究了三种体系甲烷水合物生成过程中的反应热。根据甲烷水合物相平衡数据,结合推导出的反应热计算方程,计算三种实验体系的反应热。结果表明,在表面活性剂的作用下,甲烷水合物的生成速率提高,对应的反应热增多。     

利用气体水合物技术分离含氢气体混合物

建立了一套高压水合物分离装置。在不同的温度下 ,利用该装置分别测定了H2 ,CH4二元混合物和H2 ,CH4,C2 H6三元混合物与水合物促进剂和水的乳化液进行水合反应时系统压力以及气相中各组分浓度随时间的变化。结果表明 ,温度对分离效果有明显的影响。温度越低 ,体系压力降低越快 ,H2 浓度增加越快。对于二元混合物 ,当压力降低 (H2 浓度增加 )到一定程度后 ,其降低 (上升 )趋势变缓。三元混合物的规律和二元混合物类似 ,但C2 H6浓度在初始阶段有明显的降低 ,到一定阶段又开始缓慢上升。总体上来看 ,C2 H6的浓度还是低于原料气浓度。根据实验结果确定了水合反应的气体停留时间 ,即二元混合物停留时间为 15～ 2 5min ,三元混合物停留时间为 2 0～ 30min。对于三元混合物 ,停留时间不能过长 ,否则 ,对C2 H6的浓度提高不利     

利用气体水合物技术分离含氢气体混合物

建立了一套高压水合物分离装置。在不同的温度下，利用该装置分别测定了H2，GH4二元混合物和H2，CH4，C2H6三元混合物与水合物促进剂和水的乳化液进行水合反应时系统压力以及气相中各组分浓度随时间的变化。结果表明，温度对分离效果有明显的影响。温度越低，体系压力降低越快，H2浓度增加越快。对于二元混合物，当压力降低(H2浓度增加)到一定程度后，其降低(上升)趋势变缓。三元混合物的规律和二元混合物类似，但C2H6浓度在初始阶段有明显的降低，到一定阶段又开始缓慢上升。总体上来看，C2H6的浓度还是低于原料气浓度。根据实验结果确定了水合反应的气体停留时间，即二元混合物停留时间为15～25min，三元混合物停留时间为20～30min。对于三元混合物，停留时间不能过长，否则，对C2H6的浓度提高不利。     

1,3-丙二醇-甘油汽液相平衡数据的推算

针对由甘油,1,3-丙二醇组成的体系,推算其在低压下的汽液相平衡数据。利用UNIFAC基团贡献法计算液相活度系数。提供了该二元体系于lOOkPa,50kPa和lOkPa下的汽液相平衡数据。结果显示,两组分不会形成共沸物,而且系统压力越低,越利于它们的分离。     

海底沉积物层内CO2泄漏渗流与水合耦合规律研究

为了探讨CO2在海底沉积物层内的泄漏渗流与水合耦合规律,将Darcy定律与水合物生成动力学方程通过质量守恒方程耦合,构建了描述海底沉积物层多孔介质中CO2泄漏渗流与水合物生成相互影响的动态演化数学模型。采用数值模拟方法研究了不同温度下多孔介质体系中CO2水合物饱和度随时间和空间的变化规律,以及CO2水合物生成对海底沉积物层渗流特性参数的动态影响。结果表明:在海底沉积物层水合区的泄漏口处,CO2水合物生成较为迅速,15a内,由于CO2水合物的生成、生长和积聚,导致近泄漏口处渗透率减小近2个数量级,由初始值1.0×10-12 m2减小到6.5×10-14 m2,有效孔隙度由初始值0.3减小到0.209 5,降幅达30%,形成了超低渗透的CO2水合物盖层;海底沉积物层水合区的温度越低,CO2水合物的饱和度越低,使得更多的游离CO2渗流泄漏入远场,当沉积物层温度为281K左右时,远场处受泄漏影响最小,CO2的饱和度也最低。     

低渗透油藏CO2混相驱油机制及影响因素

依据CO2降低原油黏度以及CO2在原油中的传质扩散混相机制,建立考虑吸附现象的低渗透油藏CO2混相驱油数学模型,模拟CO2混相驱油过程。采用Barakat-Clark有限差分格式对模型进行数值求解,分析Peclet数、注入压力、孔隙度、原油黏度等因素对CO2在流出端的浓度分布以及降黏效果的影响。结果表明:Peclet数越小、注入压力和孔隙度越大,CO2突破流出端的时间越早,同时改变油藏原油黏度的时间越早;初始原油黏度越大,CO2降低原油黏度的效果越明显。     

基于水合物的沼气净化技术

沼气的主要成分为CH4、CO2、H2S,使用前需对其进行必要的净化处理,使沼气的质量达到标准要求。气体水合物相平衡研究表明,单组分CH4、CO2、H2S气体及(CH4+CO2+H2S)三元体系在纯水中生成水合物的条件存在显著差异,可利用水合物的生成过程逐一脱除沼气中的H2S和CO2。基于此,提出了一种利用水合分离技术净化沼气的新工艺,以优化流程、降低能耗、提高分离效率。     

丙烷含量对多组分气体水合物生长速率的影响

为使多组分瓦斯气体迅速固化、储运,利用可视化水合物实验设备,研究了三种多组分气样在0.1 mol/L四氢呋喃(THF)和0.2 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配溶液中的水合固化过程,实验获取了水合物生成过程的压力-温度-时间曲线,结合水合物生长速率模型对实验数据进行计算和分析。结果表明:三种气样中随着丙烷含量的提高,生长速率呈增大趋势,在一定程度上可以提高水合物生长速率,抑制水合物中甲烷的含量。     

流态化炭催化剂粉末在非等容管道中的爆炸特性研究

针对炭催化CH4-CO2重整反应体系(炭催化剂+O2+CH4+CO2)易燃易爆的特性,在预热的非等容管道中对流态化粉状炭催化剂爆炸特性进行了实验研究,考察了流态化炭催化剂浓度、挥发分、预热温度、流态化炭催化剂粒径、初始压力等对流态化炭催化剂的最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率的影响.研究表明,最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率随流态化炭催化剂浓度变化,呈抛物线形式分布;炭材料挥发分越高,最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率越大,其对应的最佳爆炸浓度也越低;爆炸装置的初始温度越低,流态化炭催化剂最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率越大,且温度越低流态化炭催化剂最佳爆炸浓度越大;流态化炭催化剂粒径越小,最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率越大;随着初始压力的升高,最大爆炸压力以及最大爆炸压力上升速率逐渐升高,且呈线性分布.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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