热带太平洋和印度洋海温对中国雨带类型的影响

 根据1950~1999年的海温距平和中国夏季(6~8月)雨带分布类型资料,分析了各雨型与前期及同期热带太平洋和印度洋(21°S~21°N,29°E~81°W)海温异常的相关关系.分析表明,不同雨带类型和所对应同期及前期太平洋和印度洋海温有很好的相关关系.     

云南降水场与太平洋海温场典型相关分析

 利用典型相关理论分析云南省5月份降水场与头年5月至当年4月各月太平洋热带海温距平场之间的关系,得出一些有意义的结果.并通过1994～1995年的预报,效果较理想.     

赤道太平洋中东部海温异常与中国东部降水异常的统计关系

厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜海洋现象对世界气候的影响非常大,我国东部地处太平洋西岸,降水明显受其影响.本文从1950~1999年50年赤道太平洋中东部海温距平资料入手,得出厄尔尼诺现象和拉尼娜现象50年的表现特征.然后对中国东部夏季降水异常情况进行统计,分析了太平洋海温异常与中国东部降水异常的统计关系.并因此得到El Nino年华北显著偏旱,淮河流域El Nino年出现涝灾的概率达到50%,长江中下游地区出现在El Nino年和La Nina年的旱涝年数相差不大,华南在El Nino年出现的旱年数占全部旱年的50%等一些有意义的结论.     

热带太平洋和印度洋海温对东南亚降水的影响

 应用谱分析的方法,讨论了东南亚降水分别与热带印度洋和太平洋海温的关系.得出热带印度洋和太平洋海温变化对东南亚降水影响的最佳落后时间长度.同时找出了上述2片海域对东南亚降水影响的几个关键区,它可以作为东南亚旱涝预报的强信号因子.     

亚洲热带边缘海近20年热带风暴生成纬度与海温变化的趋势分析

亚洲热带边缘海包括阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、南海和西北太平洋。文中利用美国海军联合台风警报中心JTWC（Joint Typhoon Warning Center）提供的1979—2002年南亚热带边缘海域热带气旋资料和同时期NCAR／NCEP海表温度资料分析了热带气旋生成的纬度趋势。结果：伴随海温的升高,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南海的热带气旋生成最低纬度和平均纬度都有减小的趋势;西北太平洋的热带气旋生成纬度还有增大的趋势;对应低纬海温年际升高,热带气旋生成纬度有减小的年际振荡。     

台风季中国热带气旋降水的典型模态及显著影响因子

本文利用客观分离的热带气旋降水的台站资料,运用经验正交分解法分析了台风季中国热带气旋降水的前两个主要典型模态及其与同期西北太平洋热带气旋源地路径的关系,以及与海表面温度和500 hPa环流场的关系.结果表明:热带气旋降水第1模态表现为以华南西南为正中心而华东为负中心的偶极子振荡型,此模态出现于赤道中东太平洋海表面温度一次冷异常过程的鼎盛时期,对应的西北太平洋500 hPa环流异常主要表现为低纬中西太平洋海域的东风异常以及中国区域北高南低的环流异常,在这样的环流异常配置下,热带气旋源地显著偏西,西行路径显著偏多,而北折路径较为偏少.热带气旋降水第2模态表现为以华东及海南南端区域为正中心的中国大部地区的一致同步型,此模态出现于赤道中东太平洋海表面温度一次冷异常逐渐减弱并向暖异常过渡的相位变化时期,对应的西北太平洋500 hPa环流异常各月差异较大,7、9月份的环流异常配置使热带气旋路径偏南更易侵袭我国海南等南端区域,而8月的环流异常配置导致热带气旋源地偏北,中国东南近海热带气旋生成频数显著偏多,且其路径更易北折影响华东地区.     

东北夏季降水的时间变化特征及其与太平洋海温的相关关系

利用中国降水逐日站点观测资料以及HadISST海温资料,分析了1961-2010年东北地区70个观测站夏季降水的变化特征以及太平洋海温对东北夏季降水的可能影响。结果表明：东北夏季降水近50a来呈现下降趋势,具有多阶段性,在60年代以及80-90年代存在明显的突变;在1986-1985年以及1986-2010年2个阶段,热带外太平洋与热带太平洋春季和夏季海温都存在与东北夏季降水的相关关键区,两个阶段相关性显著不同甚至相反,是1961-2010年东北夏季降水与太平洋海温总体相关性较弱的原因。东北夏季降水与太平洋海温的相关性可能与海温冷暖背景有关系：在暖的海温背景下,东北降水与热带太平洋海温呈现显著的正相关;而对于热带外太平洋,暖的海温背景下,两者为负相关,冷的海温背景下,两者为正相关,尤其表现在春季,因此太平洋春季海温异常对于东北夏季降水预测有较好的指示意义。     

亚洲热带边缘海近20年热带风暴生成纬度与海温变化的趋势分析

亚洲热带边缘海包括阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、南海和西北太平洋.文中利用美国海军联合台风警报中心JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Center)提供的1979-2002年南亚热带边缘海域热带气旋资料和同时期NCAR/NCEP海表温度资料分析了热带气旋生成的纬度趋势.结果:伴随海温的升高,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南海的热带气旋生成最低纬度和平均纬度都有减小的趋势;西北太平洋的热带气旋生成纬度还有增大的趋势;对应低纬海温年际升高,热带气旋生成纬度有减小的年际振荡.     

海温季节和年际变化对东亚区域气候变率模拟的影响

利用P-σ区域气候模式通过数值试验分析和探讨了海温季节变化和年际变化对东亚地区气候变率模拟的影响．数值分析试验结果发现，实际海温强迫下模拟的500hPa高度场年际变率较有或没有海温季节变化强迫模拟的结果在冬夏两季基本上是增强的，海温的年际变化对模拟500hPa高度场年际变率是尤为重要的．海温的季节变化强迫使得模拟的500hPa高度场在冬季增强，夏季减弱，且在高纬度地区变化幅度较大．海温的年际和季节变化使得东亚地区的500hPa温度在冬季升高，而夏季在低纬度地区的温度降低，其中在华南沿海、南海北部和盂加拉湾地区降低最甚，高纬地区变化不明显．此外，海温的季节和年际变化强迫对华南地区降水率差值的影响远比对长江中下游地区明显．     

热带气旋活动对我国大陆降水影响的统计分析

利用1950—2004年热带气旋降水和热带气旋强度资料分析我国大陆热带气旋降水特征的变化及其与热带气旋活动的关系.结果表明:自1950年以来,我国大陆热带气旋降水年总量具有显著的年际变化和年代际变化特点,20世纪50年代、60年代后期到70年代初期和90年代中期以来是降水的偏少期;60年代前期以及70年代中期到90年代初期为降水的偏多期.自20世纪50年代以来,平均过程降水面积具有线性减小的趋势,而平均过程降水强度具有线性上升的趋势,并自90年代中期以后,其年际振荡的幅度随时间而增强.我国大陆降水频数与西北太平洋热带风暴以上的热带气旋频数具有显著的正相关关系,而过程降水强度与西北太平洋热带气旋最大强度,特别是登陆热带气旋强度关系密切,它们表现出非线性关系.     

云南5月雨量与全球海温的关系分析研究

 通过对海温与云南全省、云南东部和云南西部5月雨量的相关分析发现:海温对云南5月降水在时空上有很好的相关.5月降水与头年11月和同期太平洋海表温度存在有相同的‘-+-+’的相关分布型.印度洋北部对云南东部的影响更显著,而大西洋北部对西部的影响更显著.西部5月雨量与海表温度的相关总体不如东部的好,西部与东部最大的差异是在热带太平洋上.通过头年1月南大西洋海温可对来年云南5月降水进行预测.     

热带印度洋海面温度与高度的相关性分析

基于海面温度与海面高度异常的月均数据,采用EOF、SVD和功率谱分析等方法,对热带印度洋海面温度与海面高度进行特征分析,研究两者在时空结构上的相关性。利用EOF方法分析出海面温度第二模态与海面高度第一模态的空间结构类似,呈现偶极型。相关分析与功率谱表明,两模态的时间序列存在滞后相关和类似的周期结构。SVD结果显示,第一耦合模态的相关系数达0.7左右,且左右场的空间形态呈现东西反相。这表明,海面高度偶极型与海面温度的单极型和偶极型存在着相关。同时,海面高度指数也表现与偶极子指数类似的结构特征。针对上述诊断分析事实特征,对海面温度和海面高度偶极子形成的物理机制进行了初步分析,总结了前人所做的一些工作,指出其中可能的影响因素。     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone activity in association with summer monsoon, sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific

Based on geographic division over the western North Pacific (WNP), the interdecadal relationships between summer monsoon, sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclones activity (including number, track and intensity) are examined. In the past several decades, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and tropical westerlies contribute to the interdecadal variation of TC number in the northwest and southeast of WNP respectively. The increased TC occurrence density to the east of Philippines related to TC track appears during the 1990s, in terms of both steer flow induced by WPSH and genesis location. From the interdecadal viewpoint, the tendency of TC intensity, measured by averaged accumulated cyclone energy, does well agree with that of SST, implying that SST plays an important role in TC intensity. Supported by Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505)     

Effects of zonal perturbations of sea surface temperature on tropical equilibrium states: A cloud-resolving modeling study

The effects of zonal perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) on tropical equilibrium states are investigated based on a series of two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations with imposed zero vertical velocity, constant zonal wind, and a zonal model domain of 768 km. Four experiments with zonal SST perturbations of wavenumbers 1 (C1), 2 (C2), 4 (C3), and 8 (C4) are compared to a control experiment with zonally uniform SST (C0). The 40-day integrations show that the temperatures reach quasi-equilibrium states with distinct differences. C1 and C2 produce warmer equilibrium states whereas C3 and C4 generate colder equilibrium states than C0 does. The heat budgets in the five experiments are analyzed. Compared to C0, less IR cooling over smaller clear-sky regions in C1 and more condensational heating in C2 are responsible for warmer equilibrium states. A reduced condensational heating leads to the cold equilibrium state in C3. The interaction between convective systems in C4 causes a decrease of condensational heating, which accounts for the cold equilibrium state.