东北地区低能耗生态农宅集成优化采暖技术性能研究

以阜新地区低能耗生态农宅和传统住宅为研究对象,运用现场实测的方法,从采暖源散热面温度分布、室内热湿环境、室内空气品质及经济性评价等方面对采暖效果进行对比分析,验证了集成优化采暖技术在冬季的采暖优势.生态农宅冬季室内环境要明显优于传统住宅,虽然生态农宅初投资增加了18%左右,但每个冬季大约可节省3t的采暖用煤.生态农宅模式符合可持续建筑理念,为东北地区新农村建设提供了技术支撑.     

基于AHP-FUZZY法的绿色建筑全寿命周期评价

以绿色建筑的全寿命周期评价为研究对象,基于AHP-FUZZY理论,进行多级模糊综合运算,通过建立多级指标体系,建立了一个可操作性强,客观合理的绿色建筑全寿命周期评价模型.以绿色建筑的"绿色等级"为目标层,选取规划设计、施工建设、使用运营全寿命阶段的能源使用、土地资源使用、水资源使用、材料使用、大气污染、水污染、固体废弃物污染、室内外环境中声、光、热指标为准则层指标,基于这8个准则层指标,选取了52个评价层指标.通过实例研究,得到了实例绿色建筑的环境友好度为"优"的评价结论.并根据模型结果,得到了该绿色建筑全寿命周期中需要改进的最关键指标,证明了该方法的可行性.     

基于COWA-灰色定权聚类的装配式建筑绿色施工水平综合评价

以装配式建筑绿色施工过程为研究对象，从能源与资源利用、生态环境、安全防护、绿色管理、施工技术5个维度构建指标评价体系。提出基于COWA-灰色定权聚类的装配式建筑绿色施工水平综合测评模型，将该模型应用于兰州新区某装配式项目具体施工过程，通过计算综合评价值确定该项目绿色施工水平为良好，评价结果和实际施工情况基本相符，可为类似项目绿色施工提供思路和参考。     

基于改进AHP-FCE法的绿色房地产项目评估

科技的发展与社会的进步使人们对能源消耗和环境问题进行深思,社会各界人士开始注重“绿色发展”。绿色房地产项目顺应了我国可持续发展的战略目标。首先结合我国国情,借鉴国内外绿色房地产有关研究成果,从环境、经济,社会、管理4个维度,选取17个指标建立了绿色房地产项目评价体系;其次,运用层次分析-模糊综合评价(AHP-FCE)法确定各级指标权重,构建了绿色房地产开发评价模型;最后,通过案例分析验证了评价体系的可行性,并结合案例结果提出一些关于绿色房地产开发的建议。     

环境振动舒适度评价指标及方法研究进展

通过对环境振动舒适度国内外研究成果的总结,阐述了振动舒适度研究的发展历程;介绍了环境振动舒适度的研究现状,并从振动舒适度评价指标和评价标准进行了总结,最后对环境振动舒适度评价的未来趋势进行了展望。     

利益相关者视角绿色建筑全生命周期风险评估

近年来,绿色建筑数量呈井喷式增长,但因其所含技术复杂,建设过程风险繁多,涉及多方利益相关者。为了保障绿色建筑的稳定发展,本研究在利益相关者横向角度与绿色建筑全生命周期纵向角度相结合的基础上开展风险评估,建立了绿色建筑风险指标评估体系,利用组合赋权-云模型法确定了绿色建筑全生命周期风险因素的影响程度与风险等级,并根据算例结果验证了该模型的适用性。该研究成果有助于加强绿色建筑各利益相关者的风险防范意识。     

船舶动力系统全生命周期绿色设计的评价方法

为缓解船舶对环境的污染,实现船舶动力系统的绿色设计,通过研究船舶动力系统全生命周期绿色设计流程,确定了船舶动力系统绿色设计系统边界,构建了船舶动力系统的全生命周期绿色度评价指标体系.在考虑评价指标之间相互作用关系的基础上,综合利用Delphi法和网络分析法,建立评价指标超矩阵并对之求极限,确定了船舶动力系统绿色度评价体系中各指标的综合权重.参照某现役船舶动力系统,对所提出方法进行验证,并针对不同绿色设计方案进行解释说明,为船舶动力系统的绿色设计评价提供了新的方法.     

BIM在鲁中地区传统农宅节能改造中的运用

在对鲁中地区农宅进行实地调研、了解现存住宅类型及围护结构方案的基础上,选取有代表性的农宅类型,借助建筑信息模型(BIM)建模软件Revit建立三维模型.利用BIM可持续分析软件Ecotect,分别模拟不同的农宅布局形式及围护结构优化前、后的室内逐月不舒适度和能耗情况.结果表明:从节能角度分析,合院式布局农宅仍然是最佳布局形式;进一步提高围护结构的热工性能是节能改造的关键,且对屋顶和外窗进行改造的效果明显优于外墙.     

建筑空调系统能耗监测动态分析模型与优化控制方法

针对大型建筑空调系统能耗监测与能效优化控制问题,通过分析建筑物与外界环境的能量交换、室内温变过程的动态特征和变化机理,考虑随机不确定性因素的影响,建立了以温度、湿度等为变量的建筑物空调能耗过程随机动态模型,分析了建筑物空调能耗与室内外环境热交换的平衡制约关系.以建筑物舒适度指标作为能耗控制目标,建立空调能耗最小的优化控制模型,分析了系统优化途径;根据建筑物实际监测数据,应用动态回归方法探讨了如何确定建筑空调能耗模型的结构与参数,通过实际数据分析与模拟仿真结果的比较验证了模型的正确性.     

绿色施工评价体系研究

建筑施工阶段对环境的破坏是最为直接和严重的，如何客观评价承包商在施工环节上的环境表现，这就需要一套系统客观的评价工具。但目前大多数的评价工具并不是针对施工阶段的，本文在广泛调查的基础上，参考了各种绿色建筑评价体系，提出了建筑绿色施工评价标准，确定了TM和L两类评价指标，通过层次分析法计算出各个指标和因素的权重，得出评价模型，对绿色施工进行评价和定级。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.