Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in mice.

For nearly 20 years it has been assumed on the basis of low-resolution experiments that mitochondrial (mt)DNA, in contrast to the genes in the nucleus, has an exclusively maternal mode of inheritance in animals. Using the polymerase chain reaction, paternally inherited mtDNA molecules have now been detected in mice at a frequency of 10(-4), relative to the maternal contributions. These mice were hybrids between two inbred strains (C57BL/6J and Mus spretus) whose mtDNAs can be distinguished easily. This new mode of inheritance provides a mechanism for generating heteroplasmy and may explain mitochondrial disorders exhibiting biparental transmission.     

Effects of no mating on the female adults and embryonic development of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The newly emerged adult females of Schistocerca gregaria were separated and kept in the rearing conditions without males to examine the detailed developmental characteristic of the no mating females and carefully observed the developmental progress of non-fertilised eggs laid by virgin females. The results showed that the females kept without males survived in average 43 d, i.e. 58% of the life span of mated controls, and laid correspondingly fewer egg pods. The size of egg batches, the weight of eggs, and their content of ecdysteroids were normal but the hatch rate was reduced to 18.27%. Blocks of early embryogenesis (58.43%) and hatching failures (23.29%) were the major causes of death. Moreover, most of the hatched insects died during the postembryonic development and only a few females reached the adult stage. All insects that developed until the penultimate or last larval instar or reached the adult stage were females.     

The inheritance of PN-COOPN

An appropriate combination of COOP and Petri nets is required in order to profit from the strength of both methods. This paper gives an overview of our ongoing research on PN-COOPN, which is a paradigm and development environment for concurrent object-oriented programming based on Petri nets. We describe the object model and programming notation and emphasis the inheritance part for PN-COOPN. Supported by the Foundation of National 863 Project. Zhang Qian, born in 1973, Ph. D     

民间故事:现代小说的父体基因

现代小说的“本源”在哪里?本文从形态美学、虚构性要求、民间立场和“共相”四个方面论证了现代小说的父体基因是民间故事。     

附子药对配伍规律的初步研究

以临床常用附子药对:附子-人参、附子-干姜、附子-黄芪、附子-生地黄、附子-甘草为研究对象,研究附子单煎液、附子药对单煎混合液和附子-甘草药对合煎液对小鼠腹腔注射的LD50值.研究附子-甘草药对单煎混合液与合煎液中乌头类生物碱含量的变化.结果表明,附子-人参、附子-干姜、附子-黄芪、附子-生地黄、附子-甘草药对单煎混合液的LD50分别是附子单煎液LD50的1.13、1.40、2.08、2.21和5.48倍,附子-甘草药对合煎液的LD50值测不出来.与附子-甘草合煎液相比,其单煎混合液中总乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱含量分别降低了34.0%,43.1%和67.0%.说明附子与上述药对配伍使用,可明显影响乌头类生物碱的含量及毒性.     

Paternal origin of new mutations in von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis

Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF-1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder. The estimated new mutation rate (1 x 10(-4] is one of the highest for a human disorder. Here we report that in 12 of 14 families we have analysed, the new mutation is of paternal origin. This result is similar to that recently obtained for retinoblastoma. In other genetic disorders that show a bias towards paternal origin of new mutations, there is a marked increase in the incidence of mutations with paternal age, consistent with the mutations arising from replication errors in mitosis of spermatogonial stem cells. In retinoblastoma and NF-1, however, such paternal age effects are slight or absent. The mechanism or timing of germline mutation could therefore be different in the two cases.     

线粒体病的母系遗传

本文综述了线粒体病的特点,并对线粒体病的母系遗传方式进行了分析。     

偏好关系的对偶性

建立了基本二元关系以及偏好关系的对偶理论．引入并讨论了二元关系之间的基本性质以及偏好关系之间的一些性质的对偶性．建立了基本二元关系以及偏好关系的各种性质之间的蕴涵式．定义了一些新的序关系，并对各种偏序关系所满足的基本性质给出了完整的刻划．     

Social evolution: kin preference in a social microbe

Kin recognition helps cooperation to evolve in many animals, but it is uncertain whether microorganisms can also use it to focus altruistic behaviour on relatives. Here we show that the social amoeba Dictyostelium purpureum prefers to form groups with its own kin in situations where some individuals die to assist others. By directing altruism towards kin, D. purpureum should generally avoid the costs of chimaerism experienced by the related D. discoideum.     

幼儿园男童性格认同调查分析

父亲和母亲对孩子的影响分别有着不可替代的作用。同样在学前教育领域,父性和母性的影响也应是同等重要,不能相互取代。目前,由于全国的学前教育中男性比例的严重偏低,以及幼儿园的管理教学意识等问题而导致男性幼儿女性化的现象已日渐普遍。缺乏父性教育的结果将直接造成幼儿的受挫能力、主动性、冒险精神、竞争意识等性格严重缺失。     

Prions are a common mechanism for phenotypic inheritance in wild yeasts

The self-templating conformations of yeast prion proteins act as epigenetic elements of inheritance. Yeast prions might provide a mechanism for generating heritable phenotypic diversity that promotes survival in fluctuating environments and the evolution of new traits. However, this hypothesis is highly controversial. Prions that create new traits have not been found in wild strains, leading to the perception that they are rare 'diseases' of laboratory cultivation. Here we biochemically test approximately 700 wild strains of Saccharomyces for [PSI(+)] or [MOT3(+)], and find these prions in many. They conferred diverse phenotypes that were frequently beneficial under selective conditions. Simple meiotic re-assortment of the variation harboured within a strain readily fixed one such trait, making it robust and prion-independent. Finally, we genetically screened for unknown prion elements. Fully one-third of wild strains harboured them. These, too, created diverse, often beneficial phenotypes. Thus, prions broadly govern heritable traits in nature, in a manner that could profoundly expand adaptive opportunities.     

Pax3a基因Homeobox domain结构域敲除斑马鱼的跨代遗传观察

目的:检测Pax3a的Homeobox domain结构域敲除后斑马鱼基因型和表型的稳定性.方法:利用CRISPR/Cas9技术双靶点整体敲除斑马鱼中Pax3a的Homeobox domain结构域,并建立F0代和F1代敲除斑马鱼.同时比较靶基因敲除的基因型和表型跨代遗传的影响.结果:两年的跟踪观察显示F1代Homeo...     

格序偏好结构的链化

基于格序偏好结构的研究,证明了格序决策方案集中的同层不可比关系是等价关系,提出了将具有格序结构的决策方案集按层分类,该方案集在等价类间的优劣关系下构成了一个链结构,即偏好结构链化,使格序结构向全序或非对称弱序结构转化.