Combustion synthesis of bulk nanocrystalline iron alloys

The controlled synthesis of large-scale nanocrystalline metals and alloys with predefined architecture is in general a big challenge, and making full use of these materials in applications still requires greatly effort. The combustion synthesis technique has been successfully extended to prepare large-scale nanocrystalline metals and alloys, especially iron alloy, such as FeC, FeNi, FeCu, FeSi, FeB, FeAl, FeSiAl, FeSiB, and the microstructure can be designed. In this issue, recent progress on the synthesis of nanocrystalline metals and alloys prepared by combustion synthesis technique are reviewed. Then, the mechanical and tribological properties of these materials with microstructure control are discussed.     

Grain size-dependent electrical resistivity of bulk nanocrystalline Gd metals

The electrical resistivity of the as-consolidated and coarse-grained bulk gadolinium(Gd) metals was studied in the temperature range of 3-315K.The experimental results showed that with decrease in the grain size of Gd grains from micrometer to nanometer range,the room temperature electrical resistivity increased from 209.7 to 333.0 μΩcm,while the electrical resistivity at the low temperature of 3K was found to increase surprisingly from 16.5 to 126.3 μΩcm.The room temperature coefficient resistivity(TCR) values were obtained as 39.2×10-3,5.51×10-3 and 33.7×10-3K-1.The ratios of room temperature to residual resistivity [RRR=ρ(300K)/ρ(3K)] are 2.64,11.0,respectively,for the as-consolidated samples at 280℃ and 700℃ with respect to that of the coarse-grained sample.All results indicate the remarkable influence of the nanostructure on the electrical resistivity of Gd due to the finite size effect and large fraction of grain boundaries.     

Thermal wave propagation in graphene studied by molecular dynamics simulations

The transient heat conduction in both armchair and zigzag-edged graphene ribbons pulsed by local heating with a duration of 1 ps was studied using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the heat pulse excites two waves which indicates non-Fourier heat conduction. One of the two waves is a sound wave （first sound）, which has macroscopic momentum and propagates at the speed of sound. The other is a thermal wave （second sound）, whose propagation speed is 1/√3 of the sound velocity. The sound wave excited by the heat pulse is a longitudinal wave, whose energy is only transported in the longitudinal direction. The thermal wave excited by the heat pulse is generated by transverse lattice vibrations, with the energy only having the transverse component. The observed anisotropy of the transient heat conduction suggests that the system is in a non-equilibrium state during propagation of the heat pulse. Further statistical analyses show that the displacement of the heat pulse energy is related to the time as 〈σ2〉 ∝ t^1.80, which implies that heat transport is ballistic-diffusive transport in graphene. The higher proportion of the ballistic transport will lead to stronger heat waves. At the crest of the thermal wave, energy is transported ballistically, while in the diffusive region and during attenuation of the thermal wave, the energy is transported diffusively.     

Effect of heat treatment on hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy prepared by arc-melting was studied in this work. It was found that both the as-cast and annealed (973 K/72 h) V68Ti20Cr12 alloys consisted of a single body-centered cubic (bcc) phase. After heat treatment, the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic characteristics of the as-cast alloy was improved greatly due to the homogeneous composition and perfect structure. The mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was further investigated according to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The hydrogen absorption process of the as-cast and annealed alloys would be controlled by the one-dimensional diffusion process, while the hydrogen desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was dominated by the geometrical contraction model. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements show that the plateau pressure of the annealed alloy becomes comparatively flat. Furthermore, the activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys were calculated using the Kissinger method, indicating that heat treatment is a very beneficial way to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the alloy.     

电沉积纳米晶Ni-19% Fe合金热稳定性研究

对晶粒尺寸为-20 nm的电沉积纳米晶N i-19%Fe合金的热稳定性进行了研究。在573~873 K温度范围内对其进行等温退火,采用X射线衍射技术分析其晶粒尺寸,根据Arrhen ius-type公式计算晶粒生长指数及晶粒生长活化能,结果表明该电沉积纳米晶N i-19%Fe合金在低于573 K时其晶粒生长主要受晶界扩散机制控制,在673~873 K温度范围内,晶格扩散和晶界扩散2种机制同时参与了其晶粒生长过程。     

对——甲砜苯丝氨酸合铜(II)纳米晶的合成及表征

通过室温固液反应及机械球磨法合成对——甲砜苯丝氨酸合铜 ( II)纳米晶 ,并通过元素分析 ,红外光谱及 X射线粉末及 TEM电子透镜对其性质进行了表征。研究表明 ,该纳米晶的平均粒径 72 nm,其组成为 ( CH3 SO2 C6H4 CHOHCHNH2 COO) 2 Cu。该纳米晶属正交晶系 ,晶胞参数 a=0 .3 894 nm,b=0 .3 91 2 nm,c=0 .3 890 nm,为一新型纳米材料     

对——甲砜苯丝氨酸合铜(II)纳米晶的合成及表征

通过室温固液反应及机械球磨法合成对——甲砜苯丝氨酸合铜 ( II)纳米晶 ,并通过元素分析 ,红外光谱及 X射线粉末及 TEM电子透镜对其性质进行了表征。研究表明 ,该纳米晶的平均粒径 72 nm,其组成为 ( CH3 SO2 C6H4 CHOHCHNH2 COO) 2 Cu。该纳米晶属正交晶系 ,晶胞参数 a=0 .3 894 nm,b=0 .3 91 2 nm,c=0 .3 890 nm,为一新型纳米材料     

Enhanced structural stability of adenovirus nanocapsule

Application of viral vector in gene therapy and vaccination is still limited by their structural stability, which significantly increased avoidable cost in storage and transportation. Herein a non-covalent conjugated low-pH degradable nanocapsule has been adopted to stabilize viral vectors. By utilizing a luciferase expressing adenovirus, AdCMVLuc, we succeeded in a raise of over 11 folds in AdCMVLuc’s structural stability after 12 days storage at 4 1℃.     

具有预防接种和隔离措施的SEIQR传染病模型

研究了一类具有预防接种且带隔离项的非线性高维自治微分系统SEIQR流行病传播模型,得到疾病流行与否的阈值-基本再生数R0,证明了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的存在性及全局稳定性.结果表明,对易感者进行接种和适当地增大隔离强度,将有利于疾病的控制与消除.     

双相纳米结构CuZr合金力学行为的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了在拉伸载荷作用下,晶粒尺寸对纳米多晶Cu和双相纳米结构CuZr复合材料塑性变形机制的影响.研究结果表明,小晶粒尺寸的纳米多晶Cu的变形机制以晶粒旋转以及晶界迁移为主,并伴随着少量位错的成核与滑移.晶粒尺寸较大的纳米多晶Cu的塑性变形机制则以裂纹的成核与生长为主.对于双相纳米结构Cu/CuZr复合材料,非晶相的塑性变形在复合材料的塑性变形过程中起主导作用,且这种现象与晶粒尺寸无关.此外,当晶粒尺寸增加到一定尺寸时,复合材料的晶界处也出现了晶界裂纹,但非晶相明显延缓和阻碍了裂纹的成核与扩展.研究表明非晶相的引入能有效提升纳米多晶Cu的塑性.     

铰接式自卸车操纵稳定性

运用多刚体动力学罗伯森-维登堡法,建立了六自由度铰接式自卸车操纵稳定性模型.用MATLAB计算出XAD250型铰接式自卸车满载与空载时的横摆角速度增益曲线,得出空载时具有较大的不足转向特性.使用该模型进一步计算了轮胎侧偏刚度、后节质心布置以及悬架系统参数等,以便研究它们对铰接式自卸车操纵稳定性的影响.     

铜在铍晶体中扩散系数和浓度分布的理论研究

惯性约束聚变实验中铜在铍晶体中的扩散是影响靶丸性能的重要因素. 采用分子动力学方法研究了铜在铍晶体中的扩散系数,并分析了铜在铍晶体中扩散浓度和深度的关系. 研究结果表明在低温区域铜掺杂浓度较大的体系中扩散系数明显较大. 当铜掺杂浓度为1.0 at%时其扩散系数与实验符合很好. 在靶丸热解条件下使用扩散方程得到铜原子扩散浓度和深度分别为0.06 at%和6.2 um. 10 um厚的0.5 at%铜掺杂层可以降低铜在铍晶体中扩散的深度. 这些研究能为制备性能更高的靶丸提供有用的帮助.     

轮腿式机器人的稳定性控制准则

腿式运动模式具有运动灵活、环境适应能力强的特点,但其稳定性控制是一个重要的问题。在分析轮腿式机器人运动特性的基础上,建立了轮腿式机器人的稳定性姿态描述方法,分析了不同稳定性准则的特性和适用性,提出了适合于轮腿式机器人稳定性控制的倾斜边界稳定性准则,并给出相应的稳定性控制方法,为轮腿式机器人的稳定性控制奠定基础。     

旋翼挥舞作用下的直升机增稳系统稳定性估计

研究了在攻击直升机上旋翼挥舞效应对增稳系统性能和设计的影响。建立了含有挥舞方程的线性模型。通过常规的稳定性分析方法得出的结果表明 :准静态假设下所设计的高增益纵向增稳系统将出现不稳定响应 ,并且考察了控制律中不同参数对稳定性的影响 ,其结果均弱于增益的影响作用。因此在系统设计时 ,应采用含有挥舞方程的直升机运动模型。最后通过计算 ,得出了在挥舞作用的影响下的纵向增稳系统的稳定性条件估计     

四阶非线性微分方程解的有界性及稳定性

给出了一类四阶非线性微分方程解的有界性和稳定性的若干结果．包含并改进了已有文献所得到的结果．     

Phase stability and thermal conductivity of ytterbia and yttria co-doped zirconia

Rare earth oxides doping has been extensively investigated as one of the effective methods to lower thermal conductivity of 4.55 mol% Y2O3stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs).In the present work,5–6 mol% Yb2O3and Y2O3co-doped ZrO2ceramics were synthesized by solid reaction sintering at 1600 1C.The phase stability of the samples after heat treatment at 1500 1C was investigated.Yb2O3and Y2O3co-doped zirconia,especially when Yb2O3/Y2O3≥1,contained less monoclinic phase than single Yb2O3or Y2O3phase doped zirconia,indicating that co-doped zirconia was more stable at high temperature than YSZ.The thermal conductivity of the 3 mol% Yb2O3+3 mol% Y2O3co-doped ZrO2was 1.8 W m 1K 1at 1000 1C,which was more than 20% lower than that of YSZ.     

Phase stability in high entropy alloys: Formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase

The alloy design for equiatomic multi-component alloys was rationalized by statistically analyzing the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, electronegativity, valence electron concentration among constituent elements in solid solutions forming high entropy alloys and amorphous alloys. Solid solution phases form and only form when the requirements of the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy and mixing entropy are all met. The most significant difference between the solid solution forming high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses lies in the atomic size differen ce. These rules provide valuable guidance for the future development of high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses.     

高压下金属Mo熔化性质与其熔化结构的理论研究

本文采用分子动力学结合镶嵌原子势方法研究了高温高压下金属Mo的熔化性质.详细分析了Mo的熔化曲线并给出了熔化曲线T-P(温度-压强)方程,计算得到了Mo的等温压缩曲线和等压曲线.理论上获得Mo在常压下的平衡点温度为2695K,与其他实验和理论数据都符合的很好.同时我们还通过径向分布函数和HA指数研究了Mo在熔化过程中的结构变化情况.     

电力系统暂态稳定域近似边界可信域

可信域是电力系统暂态稳定域近似边界的有效范围,位于稳定域边界上的特征不变流形是确定可信域的重要工具。计算特征不变流形与近似边界的偏差是确定可信域的关键步骤。该文给出一种实用的可信域计算方法。该方法定义特征不变流形上一点和穿过该点沿某一坐标方向与近似边界交点间的距离为偏差。通过WSCC 4机11节点系统和IEEE 10机39节点系统仿真,结果表明该偏差与严格意义下的偏差具有一致性,可用于提高电力系统暂态稳定近似边界可信域计算的速度。     

原位碳包覆增强铜纳米线的化学稳定性

铜纳米线（CuNWs）具有成本低、导电性高、透明及柔韧性好等优点,且铜元素在地表储量丰富,是极为理想的电极材料,特别是用作于柔性及透明电极。然而铜纳米线稳定性差,极易被空气氧化和受化学环境腐蚀,这极大的限制了它们的实际应用。在本文中,我们提出了一种利用水热碳化方法在铜纳米线表面进行原位碳包覆的保护策略,可以有效地增强其化学稳定性。我们系统研究了影响碳膜生长的各种因素,包括葡萄糖前驱体浓度（碳源）、水热温度及水热时间等。我们发现在葡萄糖浓度为 80 mg·mL?1左右,水热温度为 160–170°C,水热时间为1–3 h的条件下,可以在铜纳米线表面均匀生长厚度为3–8 nm的碳膜。所制备的碳包覆铜纳米线（CuNWs@C）表现出优异的抗氧化和抗腐蚀稳定性,在光电子器件领域具有广阔的应用潜力。