电动汽车用锰酸锂与磷酸铁锂动力电池性能比较分析

尖晶石锰酸锂和橄榄石磷酸铁锂离子电池是当前电动汽车用动力电池的主体,采用实验比较研究的方法,对比了两种动力电池正极材料电化学特性,研究了两种材料制备成动力电池的能量密度、功率密度、温度特性、循环寿命以及应用特性.结果表明:除低温性能和功率密度外,磷酸铁锂动力电池在其他方面的性能均优于锰酸锂动力电池.     

钴掺杂Mn3O4作为模板制备锂离子电池正极LiMn2O4

以水热合成的钴掺杂Mn₃O₄作为模板,通过固相反应制备尖晶石LiMn₂O₄。XRD谱图和SEM照片显示制备的LiMn₂O₄具有岩石状结构并呈现良好的结晶性,同时Co的引入能够引起LiMn₂O₄晶格的收缩。作为锂离子电池正极材料,Co含量的增加能够提高循环稳定性但降低材料放电比容量,3% Co掺杂的LiMn₂O₄在0.5 C的电流密度下,经过100次循环后,剩余放电比容量达101.6 mAh·g^-1;在10 C的电流密度下,放电比容量可维持在81.0 mAh·g^-1,优于未掺杂的LiMn₂O₄。这是由于Co的引入能够稳定LiMn₂O₄晶体结构并抑制循环中的姜-泰勒扭曲。     

Synthesis of LiFePO4 in situ vapor-grown carbon fiber （VGCF） composite cathode material via microwave pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition

One of the most important factors that limits the use of LiFePO 4 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries is its low electronic conductivity.In order to solve this problem,LiFePO 4 in situ vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) composite cathode material has been prepared in a single step through microwave pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition.The phase,microstructure,and electrochemical performance of the composites were investigated.Compared with the cathodes without in situ VGCF,the initial discharge capacity of the composite electrode increases from 109 to 144 mA h g-1 at a 0.5-C rate,and the total electric resistance decreases from 538 to 66.The possible reasons for these effects are proposed.     

水系锌-石墨电池的研究新进展

水系锌-石墨电池是一种新型的二次电池,基于水系电解液中的阴、阳离子同时参与电化学反应实现储能,因其具有高能量密度、高功率密度和安全廉价等诸多优势,有望成为替代锂离子电池的下一代储能产品。本文综述了近年来水系锌-石墨电池的发展现状,总结了锌负极、石墨正极存在的问题及现有的解决方案,对水系锌-石墨电池的下一步发展进行了预测。     

Application prospects of high-voltage cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries are lithiumion batteries with solid-state electrolytes instead of liquid electrolytes.They are hopeful in solving the safety problems of lithium-ion batteries,once their large capacity and long life are achieved,they will have broad application prospects in the field of electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage.The working potential window of solid electrolytes is wider than that of liquid electrolytes,so high-voltage cathode materials could be used in all-solidstate lithium-ion batteries to get higher energy density and larger capacity by elevating the working voltage of the batteries.The spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4material,layered Li–Ni–Co–Mn–O cathode materials and lithium-rich cathode materials can be expected to be applied to all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries as cathode materials due to their highvoltage platforms.In this review,the electrochemical properties and structures of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4material,layered Li–Ni–Co–Mn–O cathode materials and lithiumrich cathode materials are introduced.More attentions are paid on recent research progress of conductivity and interface stability of these materials,in order to improve their compatibility with solid electrolytes as cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and fully improve the properties of all-solid-state batteries.Finally,the existing problems of their application in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries are summarized,the main research directions are put forward and their application prospects in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries are discussed.     

Nanostructure designing and hybridizing of high-capacity silicon-based anode for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have long been used in electronic products and electric vehicles, but their energy density is slowly failing to keep up with demand. Because of its extraordinarily high theoretical specific capacity, silicon is regarded as the most potential next-generation anode material for practical lithium-ion batteries. However, its unavoidable volume expansion issue can cause electrode deformation and loss of electrical contact during cycling,resulting in significant performance reduc...     

Fe2O3在锂离子电池负极材料中的研究进展

近年来,锂离子电池被广泛地应用于便携式电子设备和手机,并且对于诸如电动汽车等更高要求的应用而言具有巨大的潜力。作为锂离子电池负极材料,Fe₂O₃是最有可能替代石墨的过渡金属氧化物之一。因其具有高的理论比容量（1 007 mA·h·g^-1）、储量丰富、安全性能好、无毒、环境友好和成本低等一系列优点,被广泛应用于气体传感器、催化和锂离子电池电极材料等领域,是一种具有巨大潜力的电极材料。介绍了锂离子电池的基本结构组成和工作原理,综述了Fe₂O₃的储锂机制和制备方法,总结了近年来Fe₂O₃以及它的复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展。     

A 3.9 V polyanion-type cathode material for Li-ion batteries

Monoclinic phase LiFeSO_4F was synthesized by a simple fast solid state reaction from the mixture of FeSO_4·7H_2O and LiF pulverized by high energy ball milling.m-LiFeSO_4F was confirmed by GITT measurement to be a 3.9 V polyanion-type cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.Its electrochemical activity can be enhanced by addition of carbon.A discharge capacity of 105 mA·h/g (70%of theoretical value) was achieved for a m-LiFeSO_4F/CNT composite.Phase separation behavior during lithium extraction and inser...     

基于Li2MnO3的富锂类高比容量锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

综述了近几年来基于Li2MnO3的高比容量二元和三元富锂类锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展.重点讨论了富锂材料zLi2MnO3.(1-z)LiMO2(0相似文献   

软包装锂离子电池性能研究

研究了以塑料包装取代金属外壳所实现的新型软包装锂离子电池的电化学性能.从软包装锂离子电池的倍率放电性能、电池的高低温放电能力和充放电循环稳定性等方面的研究表明,软包装锂离子电池具有良好电化学性能.软包装锂离子电池既不同于金属外壳锂离子电池,也不同于聚合物锂离子电池,是锂离子电池的一种新型设计.     

纳米SnO2的制备及电化学性质

以无机盐为前体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SnO₂粉体.用TG-DTA,XRD,SEM等对SnO₂粉末进行了表征.结果表明,采用该法经500 ℃热处理得到的SnO₂超细粉具有良好的四方结构,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径在92 nm左右.将该法制得的SnO2超细粉作为锂离子电池负极材料,可逆容量高达687　mAh·g^-1,而且嵌脱锂电压低(0.2～0.5 V),是一种很有潜力的锂离子电池负极材料.     

La0.6CexNd0.4-xNi3.0Co0.2Al0.3(x=0~0.4)合金储氢性能研究

采用电弧炉熔炼方法制备La0.6CexNd0.4-xNi3.0Co0.2Al0.3(x=0～0.4)系列合金,并对合金的储氢性能和电化学性能进行测试。测试结果表明,合金在Ce=0时具有最高的电化学容量(284.2mAh/g)和储氢量(0.93wt%)。Ce的添加会降低合金放电容量,但是能够改善合金的循环稳定性能。     

Annealing temperature-dependent electrochemical properties of Aeroxide P25 TiO_2 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium storage

TiO_2 has been widely studied as an important electrode material for electrochemical energy storage.Understanding its relationship between textural properties and electrochemical characteristics is essential to boosting its practical performances. Herein, Aeroxide P25 TiO_2 nanoparticles annealing at different temperatures(400–600 °C) were investigated as an anode material of lithium ion battery. Their evolution in crystal phase and microstructural characteristics were characterized by XRD and BET surface analysis, and their lithium storage properties in half-cells were evaluated by various electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry, cycling testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the lithium storage properties were critically dependent on the size of TiO_2 anode materials. Pristine P25 initially exhibited the highest initial discharge specific capacity due to its smallest particle size; however, rapid capacity loss occurred during extended cycling. The annealing process was found to effectively enhance the cycling stability of TiO_2 although possessing a large particle size and smaller surface area. Typically, P400 showed the best performances in cycling stability, capacity retention ratio, and rate capability, which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of high crystallinity, reasonable particle size, and less internal resistance. This study provides an instance of optimizing the textural properties of metal oxides for advanced LIB anode material applications.     

高温固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2研究

研究了高温固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2时原材料、气氛、温度、时间、Li:(Ni Co)化学计量比例、氧气流量、二次烧结等参数对制备电极活性材料结构和电性能的影响，使用其优化后的工艺参数，制备出容量为170mAb/g的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2,并对此正极材料组成的电池性能进行了测试。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ab initio</Emphasis> study of the effects of Ag/Mn doping on the electronic structure of LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Based on density functional theory （DFT） of the first-principle for the cathode materials of lithium ion battery, the electronic structures of Li（Fe1-x）PO4 （Me = Ag/Mn, x = 0-0.40） are calculated by plane wave pseudo-potential method using Cambridge serial total energy package （CASTEP） program. The calculated results show that the Fermi level of mixed atoms Fe1-xAgx moves into its conduction bands （CBs） due to the Ag doping. The Li（Fe1-xAgx）PO4 system displays the periodic direct semiconductor characteristic with the increase of Ag-doped concentration. However, for Fe1-xMnx mixed atoms, the Fermi level is pined at the bottom of conduction bands （CBs）, which is ascribed to the interaction between Mn（3d） electrons and Fe（4s） electrons. The intensity of the partial density of states （PDOS） near the bottom of CBs becomes stronger with the increase of Mn-doped concentration. The Fermi energy of the Li（Fe1-xMnx）PO4 reaches maximum at x = 0.25, which is consistent with the experimental value of x = 0.20. The whole conduction property of Mn-doped LiFePO4 is superior to that of Ag-doped LiFePO4 cathode material, but the structural stability is reverse.     

Lithium-ion full cell with high energy density using nickel-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode and SiO-C composite anode

A high-energy-density Li-ion battery with excellent rate capability and long cycle life was fabricated with a Ni-rich layered LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ cathode and SiO-C composite anode. The LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ and SiO-C exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in both half and full cells. Specifically, when integrated into a full cell configuration, a high energy density (280 Wh·kg-1) with excellent rate capability and long cycle life was attained. At 0.5C, the full cell retained 80% of its initial capacity after 200 charge/discharge cycles, and 60% after 600 cycles, indicating robust structural tolerance for the repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ ions. The rate performance showed that, at high rate of 1C and 2C, 96.8% and 93% of the initial capacity were retained, respectively. The results demonstrate strong potential for the development of high energy density Li-ion batteries for practical applications.     

Graphene-wrapped Fe2O3 nanorings for Li ion battery anodes

Graphene-wrapped Fe2O3 nanorings （RGO/ Fe2O3） were synthesized by a facile approach, which assembled with graphene and the Fe2O3 nanorings pre- cursor through the colloidal coagulation effect at room temperature. The uniform Fe2O3 nanorings prepared by hydrothermal routes were homogeneously distributed and well wrapped by graphene. When tested as anode for lithium ion batteries, RGO/Fe2O3 exhibits a high capacity and good cycling stability. This could be attributed to the interaction of ring-shaped structure and graphene sheets, which inherit the good kinetic property of Fe2O3 nanorings and enhance the structural integrity with graphene sheets＇ support.     

Al,Zr dual-doped cobalt-free nickel-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Nickel-rich and cobalt-free cathode materials have obvious advantages in the aspects of energy density and economic efficiency. However, these materials are restricted from being used in commercial lithium-ion batteries due to the problems of poor structural stability and rate capability. In this study, the aluminum and zirconium dual-doped Co-free Ni-rich LiNi_0.96Mn_0.04O₂cathode material(NMAZ) is prepared by a facile high-temperature solid-phase method. The obta...     

Morphological evolution and kinetic enhancement of Li2FexMn1-xSiO4/C cathodes for Li-ion battery

Li_2MnSiO_4-based cathode materials possess reasonable work potentials and high theoretical capacities,while the practical energy/power densities are constrained by their inferior kinetics of Li~+ diffusion.In this work,the Pmn2_1-structure Li_2Fe_xMn_(1-x)SiO_4/C materials were synthesized via a solvothermal method and evaluated as Liion cathode materials,with notable morphological evolutions and tunable crystallographic habits observed after solvothermal process.The Li_2Fe_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)SiO_4/C material delivers an initial reversible capacity of 250.2mAh g~(-1)at 0.1 C(～1.51 Li~+insertion/extraction,1 C=166 mA g~(-1)),excellent high-rate capability(52.2 mAh g~(-1)at 5 C),and good long-term cyclability(64.6%after 196 cycles at 2 C).The enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to the boosted ion/electron transports induced by preferred morphological and structural characteristics of Li_2Fe_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)SiO_4/C.     

Dead lithium phase investigation of Sn-Zn alloy as anode materials for lithium ion battery

In this work, based on First-principle plane wave pseudo-potential method, we have carried out an in-depth study on the possible dead lithium phase of Sn-Zn alloy as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Through investigation, we found that the phases Li_xSn₄Zn₄(x = 2, 4, 6, 8) contributed to reversible capacity, while the phases Li_xSn₄Zn_8−(x−4)(x = 4.74, 7.72) led to capacity loss due to high formation energy, namely, they were the dead lithium phases during the charge/discharge process. And we come up with a new idea that stable lithium alloy phase with high lithiation formation energy (dead lithium phase) can also result in high loss of active lithium ion, besides the traditional expression that the formation of solid electrolyte interface film leads to high capacity loss. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50771046), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 05200534), Key Projects of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City (Grant Nos. 2006A10704003 and 2006Z3-D2031) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Project No. 20080440764)