用于仿生皮肤的电容式三维力触觉感知系统

为解决可穿戴传感器触觉感知信息单一, 不具备柔性以及可穿戴性差的问题, 研究了一种兼备法向力与切向力感知功能的电容式三维力柔性触觉传感器。阐述了传感器的结构设计、触觉感知机理, 并借助ANSYS传感器有限元仿真软件进行触觉感知机理验证。基于CC2530 低功耗微处理器与AD7147-1 型电容数字转换器构建便携式电容触觉信息感知系统。可分别满足法向力0 ~ 5 N 范围检测灵敏度为6. 87 fF/ N 以及剪切力0 ~3 N时灵敏度为10. 96 fF/ N 的触觉感知, 动态响应时间为226 ms。实验结果表明, 该电容式三维力触觉传感器具备良好的工作稳定性与灵敏度, 为可穿戴式人工皮肤的研究提供了一种设计方案。     

Smart single-chip gas sensor microsystem.

Research activity in chemical gas sensing is currently directed towards the search for highly selective (bio)chemical layer materials, and to the design of arrays consisting of different partially selective sensors that permit subsequent pattern recognition and multi-component analysis. Simultaneous use of various transduction platforms has been demonstrated, and the rapid development of integrated-circuit technology has facilitated the fabrication of planar chemical sensors and sensors based on three-dimensional microelectromechanical systems. Complementary metal-oxide silicon processes have previously been used to develop gas sensors based on metal oxides and acoustic-wave-based sensor devices. Here we combine several of these developments to fabricate a smart single-chip chemical microsensor system that incorporates three different transducers (mass-sensitive, capacitive and calorimetric), all of which rely on sensitive polymeric layers to detect airborne volatile organic compounds. Full integration of the microelectronic and micromechanical components on one chip permits control and monitoring of the sensor functions, and enables on-chip signal amplification and conditioning that notably improves the overall sensor performance. The circuitry also includes analog-to-digital converters, and an on-chip interface to transmit the data to off-chip recording units. We expect that our approach will provide a basis for the further development and optimization of gas microsystems.     

触觉传感阵列信号的信息融合处理

在智能机器人服装中,压力传感器阵列输出性能易受环境温度、电压扰动等非目标参量因素的影响,其间存在的交叉干扰常导致测量精度显著降低。针对上述问题,提出了一种新的用于测量分布压力的压电传感阵列及其信号处理的方法。设计了传感信号的处理流程;析取并有效地处理了置信距离矩阵和关系矩阵融合中的有用数据;提出了用概率最大值法和极大似然法对多传感器信息作有效融合处理的方法。实验结果表明,该方法可消除温度对压力传感器的影响,减小了单个传感器不确定性的误差影响,提高了压力分布测量数据的稳定性和测量精度,可显著改进压力图像重构精度。     

Avoiding obstacles by using a proximity infrared sensor skin

Placement and wiring of vast amount of sensor elements on the 3-dimensionally configured robot surface to form soft sensor skin is very difficult with the traditional technology. In this paper we propose a new method to realize such a skin. By implanting infrared sensors array in an elastic body, we obtain an elastic and tough sensor skin that can be shaped freely. The developed sensor skin is a large-area, flexible array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities. Depending on the skin electronics, it endows its carrier with an ability to sense its surroundings. The structure, the method of infrared sensor signal processing, and basic experiments of sensor skin are presented. The validity of the infrared sensor skin is investigated by preliminary obstacle avoidance trial.     

碳纳米管柔性应变传感器在智能纺织品中的应用

智能纺织品不仅拥有日常穿着的所需功能,而且兼具智能性,柔性纺织材料的选择是当前纺织材料研究的重点。在柔性材料中,碳材料是制备柔性应变传感器的理想材料之一。以碳纳米管为柔性材料制备的柔性应变传感器在智能纺织品中的应用为研究内容,从碳纳米管的结构组成、性质及其应用等方面,介绍碳纳米管柔性应变传感器的研究现状;从材料选择、制备方法、性能测试及应用等方面,阐述以碳纳米管纤维和碳纳米管薄膜为柔性材料制备的柔性应变传感器的特性和功能;从制备难点、生产成本、实际应用效果等方面,对碳纳米管柔性应变传感器的优缺点进行评述。研究认为,在大应变下具有高灵敏度将是今后碳纳米管柔性应变传感器研究的方向。     

A review on TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications

Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO₂ nanotubes have been reviewed, and the highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation in fluoride-contained electrolytes highlighted. The effect of anodization parameters (electrolyte, pH, and voltage) on the titania nanotube size and shape were discussed. The excellent biocompatibility of TiO₂, the high orientation, the large surface area with tunable pore sizes, as well as the high electron transfer rate along with the nanotubes make TiO₂ nanotube array an ideal substrate for the sensor’s fabrication and application. The sensors based on the TiO₂ nanotube arrays for sensing hydrogen, oxygen, humidity, glucose and hydrogen peroxide all exhibited low detection limit, high stability, very good reproducibility and high sensitivity.     

先进传感器材料及其应用研究

传感器材料是传感器技术的基础,新材料的开发及应用促进了新型传感器的发展。文章扼要阐述了导电复合材料、纳米金属材料、碳纳米管材料等先进传感器材料在复合式柔性触觉传感器、电化学生物传感器、半导体气敏元件传感器中的应用。     

面向HBT干涉定位的直线式传感阵列结构优化

针对阵列中传感器阵元对声源定位性能的贡献率不同,开展了基于Hanbury Brown and Twiss干涉定位的阵列优化研究。首先,根据声场HBT干涉定位原理,建立了八元直线传感阵列的声学定位理论模型。其次,以阵列定位误差在1%以内为目标,对八元直线传感阵列进行拓扑仿真优化,得到5种四元直线传感阵列。最后,通过实验验证,仿真优化得到的5种四元直线传感阵列中有2种阵列的定位误差在1%以内。通过对传感阵列拓扑优化的研究,能够降低传感器的个数,且保证对声源的定位性能不变,从而减少了阵列信号处理的复杂性。     

采用柔性铰链罗伯威尔结构的石英谐振式力传感器

介绍了一种采用柔性铰链构成的罗伯威尔结构和ＡＴ－切精密石英谐振器组成的石英谐振式力传感器。柔性铰链无间隙、无机械摩擦、充分体现材料的性能,传感器只由弹性体和谐振器两个部分组成,力的传递环节少,误差小可靠性高。通过调整柔性铰链的尺寸,可以得到不同量程的传感器。解决了整体式石英谐振式力传感器加工困难、成本高和组合式环节多、精度不高的缺点,为石英谐振式力传感器找到了一种较为合适的结构,使石英本身优良的性能得到发挥。研制了精度较高、成本较低、数字量输出的石英谐振式力传感器,并且给出了传感器的精度指标。     

一种无线传感器网络与传统IP网络的集成新方案

无线传感器网络(WSN)能够实时监测、感知和采集各种环境或监测对象的信息,并通过自组织无线通信网络以多跳中继方式将所感知信息传送到用户终端。目前实际的用户终端通常处在远离WSN的传统IP网络(如Internet)上,因此将WSN与传统IP网络融合是一个具有重要意义的课题。提出一种能够面对多种挑战的WSN与传统IP网络的集成方案,该方案采用用户代理、应用代理、注册代理、资源管理器架设WSN与传统IP网络之间的桥梁。通过对组件描述和查询操作流程分析可以看出本文提出的集成方案能灵活、可靠、低能耗地使传统IP网络中各种不同种类的应用能够尽可能快速地得到WSN的查询服务。     

A facile and cost-effective approach to fabrication of high performance pressure sensor based on graphene-textile network structure

High performance flexible pressure sensors have received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in wearable electronics and humanoid robotics. Herein, a low-cost, time-saving fabrication strategy is reported to efficiently construct highly sensitive and scalable pressure sensors based on graphene-textile. The flexible pressure sensor was prepared through a dip coating approach where the graphene ink was used as the active material and textile with ordered network structure, serves as the flexible support matrix. By increasing the number of layers of the textile, the pressure sensor could achieve a high linear sensitivity value of 0.23 kPa⁻¹, a broad pressure range from 0 to 140 kPa, and a durability over 800 cycles. It was found that the network structure of the graphene-textile contributed to the enhancement of the sensing performance due to the piezoresistive effect resulting from the deformation of conductive graphene-textile. Moreover, by virtue of its exceptional properties, it is demonstrate that the high performance flexible pressure sensor could be further used to detect human physiological signals, such as wrist pulse, finger press detection and walking state monitoring, indicating its promising potential to flexible and wearable electronics.     

石墨烯基墨水的制备及其在印刷电子中的应用

 石墨烯材料具有优异的导电性、柔性、化学稳定性等特征,在印刷电子领域中具有广阔的应用前景。概述了石墨烯材料的宏量制备方法,结合喷墨打印、丝网印刷和3D打印等方法介绍了石墨烯墨水制备的技术特点和要求,展示了石墨烯在印刷电子功能器件中的应用,主要类型包括透明导电薄膜、柔性电路、超级电容器和可穿戴传感器等。总结了该领域当前研究进展中存在的问题和挑战,从材料设计、加工制备和器件应用方面进行了展望。在未来发展中可通过丰富石墨烯打印线路的结构形式,并注重利用组装的策略增强结构有序性,实现多功能、高性能的器件制备和应用。     

柔性可穿戴应力传感器的研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器由于其可拉伸、可弯曲、轻薄便携和优异的电学性能等特点被广泛应用于健康诊断、运动监测、康复医疗、娱乐等领域.近年来,柔性可穿戴应力传感器取得了显著的进步,多种可测量健康信息的柔性应力传感器已被应用于脉搏波、运动、呼吸和心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)检测.然而,柔性传感器的发展仍然有诸多待解决的问题.对近年柔性应力传感器的发展进行了全面的归纳总结,从应力传感器的工作原理、结构设计展开,探讨了如何构建高性能柔性应力传感器,讨论了当前柔性传感器存在的问题,展望了未来柔性应力传感器的发展趋势.出色的柔韧性、良好生物兼容性、快速响应、高灵敏度、多功能集成的柔性可穿戴传感器展现出广阔的应用前景.     

Comparative investigation of three types of ethanol sensor based on NiO-SnO2 composite nanofibers

NiO-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Three types of sensor were applied to investigate the sensing properties of these nanofibers.Sensors A were fabricated by mixing the nanofibers with deionized water,and then grinding and coating them on ceramic tubes to form indirect heated gas sensors.Microsensors B(with an area of 600 μm×200 μm) were formed by spinning nanofibers on Si substrates with Pt signal electrodes and Pt heaters.Sensors C were fabricated by spinning nanofibers on plane ceramic substrates(with a large area of 13.4 mm×7 mm) with Ag-Pd signal electrodes only.The operating temperatures of sensors A and B were controlled by adjusting heater currents,and the operating temperatures of sensors C were controlled by adjusting an external temperature control device.Experimental results show that sensors C possess the highest sensing properties,such as high response values(about 42 to 100 μL/L ethanol),quick response/recovery speeds(the response and recovery times were 4 and 7 s,respectively),and excellent consistencies.These phenomena were explained by the retained fiber morphology and suitable sensor area.The presented results can provide some useful information for the design and optimization of one-dimensional nanomaterial-based gas sensors.     

微型触觉传感器敏感单元的分析和测试

对 Ｅ 型方膜结构传感器敏感单元进行了静态特性（ 变形、应力等） 和动态特性（ 固有频率、振型等） 的理论分析和有限元（ Ｆ Ｅ Ｍ） 计算．并采用自反馈光纤式麦克尔逊干涉仪测试了其动态特性参数．这一研究为微型触觉传感器敏感单元的优化设计和应用提供依据和支持     

CRSNs中基于传感器选择的高能效频谱感知算法

协同频谱感知(cooperative spectrum sensing, CSS)是认知无线电传感器网络中解决频谱资源稀缺的主要手段,针对现有频谱感知方法在降低能耗方面存在的不足,考虑一种从主要用户接收的具有不同的信噪比值的传感器所组成的真实网络场景,提出一种基于传感器选择的高能效频谱感知算法。该算法将可被传感器用来传输数据的信道按时间分成相等的框架,每框架中包含3个阶段：频谱感知、报告和数据传输;通过聚类得到所有能够满足CSS所需精度的传感器子集,并计算在每次协同频谱感知中这些传感器的平均能耗;在考虑传感器剩余能量的基础上,将每个框架中使用最少数量的传感器参与CSS过程建模为面向能耗的优化问题,并提出一种启发式算法进行求解。仿真实验结果表明,与现有的其他频谱感知方法相比,提出的算法在能量利用方面具有更好的性能。     

无线传感器网络中信息精确度与能耗的关系综述

无线传感器网络由微小的能量有限的无线传感器节点组成。这种网络的主要目标就是采集信息。因此,能量有效性和信息精确度就是无线传感器网络应用中最主要的指标。在这个资源严重受限的网络中,任何一种数据采集的方法必然是以上两个指标的折衷处理。这就促使对这两个指标之间的关系进行调查。对涉及到能量有效性和信息精确度的研究工作进行了调查、分类和总结,并且指出了各类工作中的开放性研究点,用于启发设计既节能又精确的数据采集方法。     

光纤光栅传感器民机机载环境适应性分析方法

严苛的机载环境条件严重影响着光纤光栅应变传感器在民机结构状态监测中的长期应用,为了评价光纤光栅应变传感器的机载环境适应性,从机载环境条件出发,提出以传感特性的灵敏度系数、线性度、零点漂移、温度系数作为评价光纤光栅应变传感器环境适应性的指标体系,设计了环境试验前后基于等强度梁的传感器有效性测试方法,分别采用涂层封装与非金属基底封装两种封装形式的光纤光栅传感器,经历14项环境试验后暴露其存在问题对环境适应性进行分析,试验结果表明提出的指标体系能有效地评价光纤传感器失效状态,从而验证了该环境适应性分析方法的可行性。     

导电海绵-AgNWs复合柔性应力传感器灵敏度优化

以导电海绵为基底,并将其与银纳米线（AgNWs）复合作为柔性电极,制备了一系列柔性应力传感器,其具有良好的灵敏度和重复性.研究发现AgNWs均匀附着在导电海绵的泡沫网络中.受力时随着海绵泡沫结构大形变的同时,AgNWs结构在微观上也产生次级形变,这种多层次的导电网络结构变化有利于增强应力传感器的灵敏度.考察了不同介电材料、介电层厚度、AgNWs滴涂层数等条件对灵敏度的影响,并优化了制备条件,实现了传感器的可控制备.本文制备的传感器制备方法简单,有一定实际应用前景.     

基于AT45DB041超声波传感阵列的建筑材料强度测量系统

针对传统的钢筋混凝土结构强度检测系统存在测量方式复杂,误差较大的问题。提出了一种基于AT45DB041超声波传感阵列的建筑材料强度测量系统设计方法,系统通过设计基于传感器阵列的建筑信号采集硬件模块对建筑材料超声波回波进行采集,软件设计中,采集钢筋混凝土结构超声波信息参数,设计抗干扰算法,通过横向和纵向的检测参数弥补误差,计算建筑材料强度性能。系统测试结果表明,该系统提高了钢筋混凝土结构强度性能测量的准确性。