内蒙古荒漠草原和草原化荒漠地区鸟类区系的过渡性特征

在内蒙古荒漠草原和草原化荒漠地区共记录到鸟类 ８４ 种,隶属于 １３ 目 ３０ 科 ５８ 属．对这一荒漠和草原过渡地区的鸟类区系、生态地理分布及生态适应特征进行了讨论分析,并对西部荒漠亚区与东部草原亚区界线问题进行了论述     

达里诺尔自然保护区鸟类区系组成及生态分布

1999-2001年对内蒙古达里诺尔自然保护区的鸟类区系及生态分布进行了调查研究,共记录到鸟类190种，隶属于16目38科98属．其中留鸟25种，夏候鸟108种，旅鸟55种，冬候鸟2种；国家重点保护鸟类有36种．鸟类区系以古北界成分为主，具有东北区、蒙新区成分相互渗透的分布特征．该地区主要有湿地、草原、疏林灌丛和居民点4种生态环境．     

草地造林40年后土壤可溶性有机碳下降

为了解天然草地造林后土壤可溶性有机碳的变化,以河北塞罕坝的羊草草甸草原以及在草甸草原上营造的樟子松人工林和落叶松人工林为研究对象,比较了3种植被类型土壤表层0-30cm的土壤可溶性有机碳、土壤总有机碳和土壤全氮等指标。结果表明,人工针叶林的土壤可溶性有机碳、土壤有机碳和土壤全氮含量均低于草甸草原,天然草地营造人工针叶林40年后土壤可溶性有机碳、土壤有机碳和土壤全氮都有所下降,人工林生态系统的土壤异质性低于草甸草原。     

上海郊区冬季鸟类群落特征及多样性研究

2000年冬季对上海郊区鸟类资源进行了抽样调查，共记录到鸟类64种，隶属12目29科。上海郊区冬季鸟类平均密度为6.16只／hm^3，鸟类多样性指数为2.778，均匀度指数为0.668，优势度指数为0.099。农田林地、滩涂湿地和丘陵山地三种不同生境中鸟类多样性和优势度差异较大，以滩涂湿地鸟类多样性最高，数量最大。     

哲里木盟天然草场及饲用植物资源调查

内蒙古哲里木盟是科尔沁草原的主体，具有多种类型的天然草场和丰富的的植物资源。天然草场归为：山地草甸草原草场，山地草原草场，低山丘陵草原草场，黄土丘陵草原草场，沙丘沙地草场和草甸草场等六大主要草场类型，并经初步调查，整理出天然饲用植物50科176属438种，对哲盟野生牧草资源的特点进行了分析，提出了保护和天发利用的建议。     

四川省小檗属植物物种资源及其分布规律研究

经调查研究结果表明，四川小檗属植物共有４０种、５变种．其中７种２变种为四川新分布记录，四川特有植物２种，首次提出四川优势资源植物７种１变种．分析讨论了水平分布与垂直分布规律．水平分布可划归５个自然植被区：川东盆地及盆周山地常绿阔叶林区，川西南山地常绿阔叶林区，川西高山峡谷针叶林区，川西高原针叶林、灌丛、草甸区，川西北高原、高山灌丛、草甸区；垂直分布范围为海拔５００～４０００ｍ，最适生长海拔高度１０００～３０００ｍ．并对资源进行了综合评估，提出了开发利用的有效途径．     

白银库伦自然保护区春季鸟类多样性研究

2005年和2006年的3～5月对内蒙古白银库伦自然保护区6种不同生境的鸟类进行了调查研究.共记录到鸟类67种,隶属于9目23科.其中繁殖鸟类57种(留鸟和夏候鸟),国家级重点保护鸟类有11种.根据鸟类的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度和相似性系数等群落特征参数对不同生境中的鸟类多样性与生境的关系进行分析,结果表明:保护区内鸟类群落结构与各生境类型内部的空间异质性程度密切相关,生境的空间结构越复杂,则鸟类群落多样性就越高;明水面鸟类群落多样性最高,芨芨草草甸的多样性指数最低}五蕊柳沼泽地鸟类群落的均匀度指数最高,典型草原的最低;各鸟类群落问的相似性指数均较低,表现出各生境鸟类群落结构差异较大;并结合保护区的现状及发展提出保护对策.     

新疆草地植被的地上生物量

2004年对新疆地区的草地地上生物量进行了大范围的调查,据此估算了新疆6种主要草地类型的地上生物量密度和总量,并探讨了草地地上生物量与环境因子的关系。结果表明,草原类型中,荒漠草原的地上生物量密度最小 (34.9 g C·m^-2),草甸草原最大 (87.3 g C·m^-2),而典型草原 (53.2 g C·m^-2)和高寒草原 (47.7 g C·m^-2)介于两者之间;草甸类型中,山地草甸 (117.4 g C·m^-2)的地上生物量密度显著高于高寒草甸 (58.1 g C·m^-2)。6种草地的地上生物量总量为14.65 Tg C,约占全国的10%。地上生物量主要集中于高寒草原和高寒草甸,两者占总量的41.7%;其次是典型草原、山地草甸和荒漠草原,分别占19.0%、18.3%和14.6%;草甸草原因分布面积小而使得其地上生物量最小,仅占总量的6.4%。草原和草甸地上生物量的控制因子存在差异：草原地上生物量主要受降水控制,而草甸地上生物量则与温度相关。除受气候影响外,草原地上生物量还与土壤含水率、土壤总氮含量正相关,而草甸地上生物量与土壤含水率、土壤总氮含量均不相关。     

祁连山南坡不同土地利用类型土壤物理特性及其持水能力研究

用环刀法进行野外采样,并结合室内实验方法,对祁连山南坡高山草原等7种土地利用类型的土壤物理性质、枯落物持水量、土壤持水量进行研究.结果表明,7种土地利用类型的土壤密度均为上层小于下层,不同土地利用类型下的土壤密度由大到小为退化草地、高寒草甸、荒漠草原、高山草地、山地草原、沼泽草甸、湿地.土壤的总孔隙度均为上层大于下层,总孔隙度和土壤的最大持水量由大到小为湿地、山地草原、沼泽草甸、高山草地、荒漠草原、高寒草甸、退化草地.枯落物持水量最大的是湿地(57 t/hm~2),山地草原(35 t/hm~2)次之.自然含水量随土层的加深而减小,整体分布在6%～50%,最大的是沼泽草甸,湿地次之,最小的为荒漠草原.湿地、沼泽草甸、山地草原的土壤物理特性及其水源涵养功能明显好于退化草地、荒漠草原和高寒草甸.除退化草地和荒漠草原物理特性间的相关关系不显著外,其他的都较为显著(P<0.01或P<0.05).     

北疆地区不同草地类型MODIS植被指数变化动态及其与气候因子的关系

利用新一代卫星遥感数据TERRA/MODIS,结合地面20个气象台站提供的数据,以北疆地区为研究区域,分析了温性草原、低地草甸、山地草甸、温性草甸草原、温性荒漠草原和温性荒漠6种代表性草地植被指数的时空变化特征.以2004,2005年4～10月的月度变化为例,研究了不同草地类型在各个生长阶段植被指数的变化和草地的生长状况.研究结果表明,EVI对植被变化的敏感性要强于NDVI的,但是在植被生长状况较好的草地,NDVI比EVI更稳定.植被盖度比较好的草地类型(如温性草甸草原、山地草甸)的植被指数与温度和降水都表现出很强的相关性,但植被稀疏的草地(如温性荒漠、温性荒漠草原)的植被指数与温度的相关性比较弱,与降水的关系更弱.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with