高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术研究

研究了４００℃下低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术．主要包括疲劳裂纹长度、疲劳裂纹的扩展速率和低周疲劳裂纹扩展驱动力ΔＪ的自动检测技术；载荷ｐ、载荷线位移Ｄ、裂纹嘴张开位移ｖ的信号计算机采集系统和标定软件；试验和数据处理的应用软件．研究表明ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展率略低于常温下的     

高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术研究

研究了４００℃下低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术。主要包括疲劳裂纹长度、疲劳裂纹的扩展速率和低周疲劳裂纹扩展驱动Ｊ的自动检测技术；载荷ｐ、载荷线位移Ｄ、裂纹嘴张开位移ｖ的信号计算机采集系统和标定软件；试验和数据处理的应用软件。研究表明ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展率略低于常温下的。     

不同温度下有机玻璃厚板的平面应变断裂韧性试验

为研究有机玻璃平面应变断裂韧性(KIC)与温度的关系,设计了母材和带拼接缝试件,在-40~40℃范围内进行三点弯试验.采用疲劳试验机预制疲劳裂纹,利用酒精和液氮对试件降温,用纯水进行升温,观察试件宏观断口形貌,结合有限元和断裂力学进行算例分析.结果表明:在低温下,试件达到极限荷载后迅速断裂,失稳扩展的裂纹临界长度较小,裂纹扩展速率快;高温下,临界长度较大,裂纹扩展速率慢.母材试件在20℃时KIC最小,-20℃时最大,而带拼接缝试件在40℃时KIC最小,-40℃时最大.断面上沿裂纹扩展方向的弧状条纹数增多会导致KIC降低,当出现垂直于疲劳裂纹边缘线的放射状条纹时,KIC进一步降低.对于所提算例,裂纹尖端各点的应力强度因子随裂纹深度的增加而增加.     

用CTOD描述高应变区疲劳裂纹扩展速率

本文针对压力容器接管部位高应变区的特点,试用一种双面开键形槽的三点弯曲试件模拟其特征,其中以弹塑性断裂参量CTOD(δ)作为控制该区内裂纹疲劳扩展的主要参量,并采用双引伸计法动态测量CTOD.试验结果表明:在循环载荷作用下,高应变区在亚临界裂纹扩展范围内,疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da)/(dN)在双对数坐标上与裂纹尖端的张开位移△CTOD(△δ)呈线性关系:△CTOD可以作为控制高应变区应力循环和应变循环条件下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率的力学参量,且与(da)/(dN)呈Paris定律的形式.     

渤海石油平台用钢A537疲劳裂纹的扩展特征

对渤海石油平台管节点用钢A537在238K,237K和303K三个温度下的疲劳裂纹扩展情况进行了试验研究.试验结果表明.这种钢材在每一个测试温度下的疲劳裂纹扩展均遵循Paris规律.不同温度下的疲劳裂纹扩展曲线随应力强度因子幅值的增加而有汇合趋势,并在某一高扩展速率处相交.试验还表明,温度降低,A537钢的裂纹扩展速率下降,而Paris指数n则大为增加.在裂纹扩展后期,低温下裂纹扩展速率的增长速度远大于室温,因此,低温时的扩展速率反而高于室温时的扩展速率.     

GH36合金持久缺口敏感性与蠕变和疲劳及其交互作用下的裂纹扩展速率

研究了GH36合金持久缺口敏感性对裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:通过软化的热处理制度来改善材料的持久塑性达到消除持久缺口敏感性的目的,对在蠕变或以蠕变为主的应力条件下延缓裂纹的扩展具有重要意义;而在低周疲劳或以疲劳为主的应力条件下,裂纹扩展速率对强度敏感,而与材料是否存在持久缺口敏感性无关;提高强度可显著提高材料的抗低周疲劳裂纹扩展能力。为使材料在蠕变、疲劳以及蠕变疲劳交互作用下都只有高的抗裂纹扩展能力,应对材料进行强韧化。     

当量裂纹尖端位移在带斜裂纹压力容器启裂、爆破及疲劳试验中应用

本文提出当量裂纹张开位移概念,并据此推导出带斜裂纹压力容器开裂压力的计算公式。预计的开裂压力与采用声发射法测得的开裂压力相符。又用当量裂纹张开位移作为控制疲劳裂纹扩展参量,得到的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的公式与实验结果符合。     

硫化氢对16MnRe钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

本文研究了H_2S对16MnRe三点弯曲试样疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,实验结果表明:(1)在H_2S腐蚀环境下,16Mn Re仍符合文献(1)和(2)提出的高周疲劳和低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式;(2)H_2S明显加速了16MnRe高周疲劳和低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率率,     

14MnSiNbRE压力容器钢HAZ的低温韧性

对一种新的-40—-50℃下使用的低温乙烯球罐用钢14MnSiNbRE的手工电弧焊和热模拟试样,采用电算示波冲击试验,测定了HAZ在不同温度下的临界裂纹张开位移COD和-40℃时的扩展阻力曲线,将冲击功分解成裂纹萌生功和裂纹扩展功,用回归分析法推断出断裂韧性COD和冲击功中的裂纹扩展功部分在物理意义上有良好的相关性,并初步探讨了焊接与热模拟对钢韧性的不同影响。     

温度对裂纹尖端张开位移的影响

以含穿透缺口无限大受拉平板的Dugdale-Barrenblett模型(D-B模型)为基础,通过理论分析和数值模拟,讨论温度对裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)的影响规律.结果表明:裂纹尖端张开位移值在-90℃到20℃范围内随温度升高或降低而增大或减小;温度从20℃逐渐降低到-90℃,CTOD不发生变化;温度从-90℃升高,CTOD逐渐增大;随着荷载的增大,裂纹尖端张开位移随温度升高的幅度增大;荷载增大致使裂纹尖端塑性区发展程度变高,使得裂纹尖端张开位移随温度变化的幅度增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with