什么样的图书馆能满足科研工作的信息需求

本期第72—76页刊登的“长期热环境中肿瘤生长与熵的关系研究”一文从能量角度,结合长期热疗动物实验研究结果,对肿瘤在加热条件下．组织内热量、熵的变化与肿瘤生长规律之间的对应关系进行理论分析。进一步的动物实验将有助于建立肿瘤和熵相互关系的模型,对研究肿瘤生长与环境的相互关系和新型能量治疗方案有着重要作用。     

关于生命遗传信息与热力学负熵的问题

我们把处于外界环境中的生命遗传物质,近似看成由物质的定域子和光子组成的混合系统。运用统计物理方法,导出了这系统的非平衡态熵及熵变,推出了负熵和外界约束的关系及产生负熵的条件。由于生命遗传信息和负熵直接相关,从而使我们得出了生命体生长、发育、遗传变异进化等过程,必须持续地加以某些适当约束,不断和外界环境进行物质和能量交换。     

基于电磁加热效应的恶性肿瘤治疗

介绍了常规恶性肿瘤的治疗方法及其特点,重点阐述了肿瘤热疗的原理和现有的热疗方法。肿瘤热疗的核心问题是在有机体内定点、定域和可控地造成温度场(即只在恶性肿瘤范围内加热,不损伤周边正常组织),温度场对肿瘤组织的作用是宏观的,热力学的,在温度场内的所有细胞均受到作用。现有的肿瘤热疗方法难以做到定点定域加热。借鉴工业电磁加热技术,重点探讨了通过电磁加热效应实现定点定域,从而用于恶性肿瘤治疗的可行性和治疗技术路线。     

肿瘤磁感应治疗计划系统适形热疗方法

磁感应热疗在临床实施时,需要达到适形杀灭肿瘤和保护正常组织的治疗目标,因此要求在术前治疗计划系统中对靶区的温度分布情况进行数值模拟,以指导医生制定合适的治疗计划,确保治疗的安全性和有效性。该文基于VTK/ITK等医学影像开源算法工具包,采用医学CT影像3维重建数据场信息,对磁感应热疗过程中治疗区域内的肿瘤及其周围组织进行可视化和适形分割,以确立治疗靶区和植入热籽;基于电磁学和生物传热学的理论方法,以及肿瘤内的适形热籽排布方案,对治疗时热籽磁热效应产生的能量场分布和热量扩散形成的温度场分布进行理论建模和仿真;并将适形热疗方法实际应用于肿瘤磁感应热疗计划系统中。结果表明:磁感应治疗计划系统的适形热疗方法可以辅助医生直观地分割肿瘤和组织器官,进而准确计算靶区的温度场分布,制定合理的适形热疗计划。     

肿瘤热疗超声无创监测技术研究进展

 肿瘤热疗是用加热方式杀死癌细胞,已成为肿瘤治疗的一种重要手段.肿瘤热疗分为传统热疗(41～45℃)和热消融治疗(>60℃).在肿瘤热疗中,对治疗区组织温度及热凝固区进行无创测控是保证热疗安全和提高疗效的关键,本文综述肿瘤热疗超声无创测温及热凝固区检测技术的研究进展.超声无创测温主要基于声速和热膨胀、超声衰减系数、背向散射能量、B 超图像纹理等参数的温度相关性.热凝固区超声检测主要基于超声组织定征技术,包括Nakagami 统计模型、超声衰减、超声背向散射积分、超声弹性成像、组织散射子平均间距、次谐波低频声发射等.提出了肿瘤热疗超声无创监测技术的未来发展方向,包括监测精度验证方法的研究、针对组织个体差异自适应调整参数的研究、减少组织运动干扰的方法研究、多维多参数监测方法研究、实时计算技术的研究及肿瘤热疗实验数据共享中心的建立.     

超声热疗的现状与应用

 超声热疗是利用生物组织吸收超声波能量使自身温度升高的特性,通过高温致死病变组织或低温促使病变组织康复的热疗技术.该热疗具有微创、安全、高效等特点.利用高温致死病变组织的高强度聚焦超声已应用于子宫肌瘤、乳腺肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、肝肿瘤等的临床治疗,在脑肿瘤及神经系统疾病方面尚处于临床应用研究阶段.低强度超声的低温升热疗对于产后出血治疗和神经组织愈合等有较好疗效.本文综述高强度聚焦超声和低强度超声热疗技术的发展、现状及应用.     

热力学与生命现象研究(综述)

利用热力学熵增原理解释生物体系自组织现象的非平衡态。综述微量量热法在生命科学生物代谢过程中的应用及生物热分析在生命系统生理过程研究中的应用。     

肿瘤主动靶向磁性纳米粒子研究现状及其在肿瘤热疗中的应用

 磁性纳米粒子已广泛应用于肿瘤的成像和治疗,但限制其临床应用的重大障碍是纳米粒子在肿瘤部位不能达到足够的浓度。主动靶向磁性纳米粒子是磁性纳米粒子表面偶联特定的靶向配体,靶向性结合特定的肿瘤细胞。靶向配体的选择是提高主动靶向性的关键。主动靶向性提高了磁性纳米粒子在肿瘤组织内的浓度,减少对正常组织的毒性,从而使其在肿瘤成像与治疗成为可能。磁感应热疗利用磁介质在外加交变磁场的作用下感应发热,是一种新型的具有前景的肿瘤治疗手段。依靠磁性纳米粒子主动靶向性,磁感应热疗将更好地实现细胞内热疗,提高肿瘤治疗的疗效。     

磁流体靶向热疗对小鼠胰腺癌的作用

 为探讨磁流体靶向热疗对小鼠胰腺癌的体外和动物治疗作用,利用前期建株的小鼠胰腺腺泡细胞癌株(MPC-83)分别进行体外热疗和动物实验.对MPC-83 进行水浴热疗,分别调热疗温度为37、42、46、50℃,作用30 min,显微镜观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞仪检测凋亡和坏死细胞百分比.选择4 周龄雌性昆明种小鼠,建立MPC-83 胰腺癌皮下肿瘤模型,观察磁流体热疗(46℃和50℃)对荷瘤小鼠的作用及其病理学变化.流式细胞仪检测46℃和50℃热疗细胞凋亡和坏死百分比分别为46.13%、89.33%,与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).热疗后第14 天,46℃和50℃热疗组肿瘤生长率分别为-0.64±0.73和-0.72±0.79,与3 个对照组比较,肿瘤生长受到明显抑制(P<0.05).病理学检查示磁流体对照组,在注射磁流体24 h 可见散在的磁性纳米微粒在一定范围内分布于肿瘤细胞之间,部分肿瘤细胞和吞噬细胞吞噬了磁性纳米微粒.热疗14 d 肿瘤完全消失的小鼠皮下组织未见肿瘤细胞,可见皮下残存磁性纳米微粒,被吞噬细胞吞噬.各对照组小鼠瘤体生长旺盛,细胞核浓染分裂,可见病理性核分裂像.磁流体靶向热疗可以达到杀伤胰腺癌细胞的理想温度,能有效抑制MPC-83 胰腺癌生长,延长小鼠生存期.     

磁感应热疗联合内放疗的新型肿瘤治疗技术

 磁感应热疗是一种融合了生物技术、新材料的新型热疗方法,它利用铁磁性物质可在交变磁场下感应升温的物理特性,将毫米级(合金热籽)、微纳米级(磁流体)的铁磁性物质植入到肿瘤组织内进行热疗.磁感应热疗具有靶向性强、升温可控、诊断和治疗同步化等诸多优点,给人类治疗肿瘤带来了新的希望和契机.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that