UV-Fenton体系氧化降解邻氯苯酚废水反应动力学研究

采用UV-Fenton高级氧化技术对邻氯苯酚废水进行了处理研究。从反应速率系数着手探讨了污染物初始浓度、双氧水加入量、亚铁离子浓度及pH值对反应降解速率的影响。用半衰期法对邻氯苯酚的反应级数进行了探讨,确定其在UV-Fenton体系降解过程中的表观反应级数为3/2,并初步建立了邻氯苯酚UV-Fenton降解的动力学模型。     

微分-积分法确定反应速率常数

介绍微分-积分法确定反应速率常数的原理以及利用MATLAB语言设计了微分．积分法求反应级数的计算机处理过程。处理时先对在实验测定中不同时刻测定的浓度C数据，利用三次样条插值法和差分法求出各浓度C对应的速率V，再利用线性回归法求出反应级数，最后利用动力学积分方程计算反应速率常数。本以一级、二级反应和分数级反应实验测定结果为例进行验证，结果表明，利用所编程序确定的反应级数与常规方法能很好的吻合。在化学动力学中这种数据处理方法将使实验过程得到简化，实验结果更准确、更可靠。     

微机辅助试差法确定速度方程

众所周知,速度方程的确定是反应动力学的重要课题,其中的关键是确定反应级数。在确定反应级数的诸方法中,试差法长期被认为是笨拙而粗糙的方法。一些中外作者过去对试差法的评价为“方法繁杂,……不同级数往往难以区分。试差法一般适用于整数级”。“由于难于判断哪种关系图最接近于直线,因此使用试差法有很大的危险性,常常会得到错误的级数……”。然而,电子计算机的应用,使试差法面目一新。由于计算机运算快速可靠,且避去了人工作图、二次作图,目测渎图等过程,故它比微分法,半衰期法、坡威(Powell)作图法等快速准确。微机辅助试差法将优于确定反应级数的其它方法。     

负载型光催化膜降解高浓度甲基橙溶液

以负载型TiO2／活性炭光催化膜降解高浓度甲基橙水溶液为处理体系，研究了负载膜型与微粉型光催化剂降解活性，考察了催化剂用量、溶液初始质量浓度、溶液pH值等对降解性能的影响。探讨了初始质量浓度对降解反应动力学的影响，确定了降解反应级数为一级，得出了不同初始质量浓度下的反应半衰期表示式。     

相关系数试差法确定速度方程

速度方程的确定是反应动力学的重要课题,而其中的关键问题是确定反应级数。在确定反应级数的诸方法中,试差法长期被认为是笨拙而粗糙的方法。一些中外作者过去对试差法的评价为“方法繁杂,……不同级数往往难以区分。试差法一般适用于整数级。”〔1〕“由于难于判断哪种关系图最接近于直线,因此使用试差法有很大的危险性,常常会得到错误的级数,……。”〔2〕然而,电子计算机的应用,使试差法面目一新,它将优于确定反应级数的其它诸方法。相关系数试差法就是借助于电子计算机的试差法。由于它基于最小二乘法,避去了人工作图,二次作图,目测等,故它比微分法、半衰期法、坡威(Power)作图法等准确;又由于它借助于电子计算机,计算又十分快速。因此,相关系数试差法是既准确又快速的方法。     

浅谈微分法确定反应级数

反应级数是一极其重要的动力参数 ,它对建立反应的速率方程式至关重要。本文主要阐述了确定反应级数最常用方法之一的微分法。由于对反应物浓度的处理方法不同 ,所测定的反应级数含义也不相同。恰当、灵活地使用这两种方法 ,有助于我们更好地掌握化学反应的动力学性质和反应机理     

微分法确定反应级数和速率常数

本文介绍了微分法确定反应级数和速率常数的原理和方法。用此方法处理学生物化实验数据和物化习题结果表明:在没有预先假设反应级数的情况下,能够得到精确的反应级数和速率常数。     

微分法确定乙酸乙酯皂化反应的反应级数

用微分法确定乙酸乙酯皂化反应的反应级数,弥补了目前物理化学实验中只有测定速率常数而无求取反应级数实验的不足。     

不同单体浓度范围反相微乳液聚合速率的比较

以油酸失水山梨醇酯Span80和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10为乳化剂、过氧化二碳酸(2-乙基己酯)EHP为引发剂、白油为连续介质,进行了丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠(AM/SA)和丙烯酰胺/(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)三甲基氯化铵(AM/DMMC)反相微乳液聚合反应。研究了不同单体浓度范围内,3种单体(对)反相微乳液聚合速率。在较高单体质量分数范围内(w(M)为25%～50%),聚合速率对AM,AM/SA和AM/DMMC3种单体(对)浓度的反应级数分别为2.24,2.34和2.47;在较低单体质量分数范围内(w(M)为10%～26%)反应级数则分别为1.57,1.61和1.58。不同单体质量分数范围内聚合速率对单体浓度的反应级数相差较大,主要原因可能是聚合体系中单体水溶液的粘度对聚合速率有较大的影响。     

葛根总黄酮振荡行为的微量量热法研究

采用微量量热法对中药活性成分葛根总黄酮振荡体系进行了研究，测定了葛根总黄酮在不同浓度、不同温度下的振荡体系的热功率-时间曲线，得到了它的诱导期、振荡周期，根据动力学理论计算了它的反应级数和表观活化能，并建立了诱导期、振荡周期与浓度和表观活化能之间的非线性关系式．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that