以羧酸为酰化试剂的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应

分别介绍了以脂肪族和芳香族羧酸为酰化试剂的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应,重点比较了各种催化剂的优缺点,指出以羧酸为酰化试剂、以环境友好的固体酸为催化剂的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应是今后芳香酮类化合物合成的发展方向.     

单核取代四甲基环戊二烯基钼羰基配合物催化芳香化合物的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应

研究了5个单核取代四甲基环戊二烯基钼羰基配合物/邻四氯苯醌共同作用催化不同芳香族化合物与多种酰基化试剂的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应,优化了反应条件.研究表明:配合物在催化Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应中均显示出了较高的催化活性,该类催化剂与传统催化剂相比具有催化剂用量少、反应条件温和、区域选择性高、接近绿色化学等优点.     

茂型铼羰基配合物催化Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应研究

研究了3种茂型双核铼羰基配合物催化苯甲醚及其衍生物与多种酰化剂的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应.结果表明:配合物在催化Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应中均显示出了一定程度的催化活性,催化效果受到苯环上取代基的电子效应、空间效应和不同酰化剂结构的影响.     

2-己基噻吩的合成与表征

以噻吩为原料,经Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应制得2-己酰基噻吩,然后,2-己酰基噻吩经wolf-Kishner-黄鸣龙还原反应合成了目标产物2-己基噻吩,总收率为65%以上.通过1H NMR、MS分析确证了2-己酰基噻吩与标题化合物的结构.     

聚苯乙烯键合纤维素苯基氨基甲酸酯固定相的制备

以交联聚苯乙烯树脂为原料,丁二酸酐为酰基化试剂,经Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应,制得脂肪族羧酸型树脂羧酸型聚苯乙烯(PS-COOH).将纤维素苯基氨基甲酸酯通过纤维素糖单元上的羟基与酰氯化的羧酸型功能树脂氯代羧酚型聚苯乙烯(PS-COCl)反应,得到键合型纤维素类手性固定相.通过红外光谱对树脂进行表征,并研究纤维素酯不同的键合方法、纤维素酯之间的"互穿"作用、酰化剂用量、纤维素苯基氨基甲酸酯用量对该反应的影响及衍生化纤维素相对分子质量分级和相对分子质量分布.结果表明:PS-COOH树脂与酰化剂用量为1∶7,PS-COOH树脂与纤维素苯基氨基甲酸酯的投料比为1.0∶1.1为宜;使用纤维素二苯基氨基甲酸酯和纤维素三苯基氨基甲酸酯"互穿"后键合大大提高质量增加率;通过二次沉淀的方法可以得到相对分子质量窄分布的纤维素酯.     

3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4](噁)嗪-1-酮及其7-芳酰基衍生物的设计与合成

以2-吡咯基三氯乙酮为主要原料,经过乙二醇单酯化、羟基氯取代、环合三步反应制得了3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4](噁)嗪-1-酮;又经过Friedel-Crafts酰基化和环合反应制得了未见文献报道的7-芳酰基-3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4](噁)嗪-1-酮.它们及其某些重要中间体的结构分别采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱以及高分辨率质谱进行了表征.     

3，4-二甲基-2’-氯代苯乙酮的合成

以邻二甲苯和氯乙酰氯为原料,采用金属负载型催化剂,经Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应过程合成了3,4-二甲基-2'-氯代笨乙酮,讨论了负载型催化剂的用量、原料配比、温度、反应时间等对反应的影响.结论如下:负载型催化剂用量为ω=0.25%(与邻二甲苯质量比),反应时间3h,反应温度80℃,收率大于90%.产品经红外光谱和液色谱相确认为3,4-二甲基-2'-氯代苯乙酮.     

阳离子-原子转移自由基顺序聚合合成异丁烯-p-甲基苯乙烯接枝丙烯酸叔丁酯共聚物

以酰基化试剂α-溴代丙酰溴对异丁烯和对甲基苯乙烯的二元共聚物中的p-甲基苯乙烯单元进行Friedel-Crafts酰基化取代反应,获得大分子引发剂。以所得大分子引发剂引发丙烯酸叔丁酯的原子转移自由基聚合制得了梳状异丁烯-p-甲基苯乙烯接枝丙烯酸叔丁酯共聚物。所得产物用FTIR、¹H NMR、¹³C-NMR和GPC等进行了表征,结果表明, 二元共聚物的数均分子量约为25000,分子量分布约为2.18,其中p-甲基苯乙烯的摩尔分数约为5%～8%;共聚物的酰基化取代度可达83%;所得丙烯酸叔丁酯接枝共聚物的数均分子量可到58800,分子量分布约为2.26。     

荧光素类荧光材料合成及性质研究进展

综述了近年来常用荧光素类荧光材料的合成方法,包括傅克酰基化反应、缩合反应和利用格氏试剂的合成反应,对目前研究比较活跃和应用比较广泛的几种荧光素类荧光材料的性质进行了系统分析.     

酸改性的Hβ分子筛催化合成乙酰基吡咯

研究了分别以不同的分子筛以及草酸、磷酸、盐酸等酸改性的Hβ分子筛为催化剂,由吡咯和乙酸酐合成乙酰基吡咯的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应.发现磷酸改性的Hβ分子筛催化剂的活性最高,并对催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等反应条件进行了优化,确定了最佳反应条件:反应温度70℃、催化剂用量0.4 g、反应时间5 h,此时...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-