Untersuchungen an Ionenaustauschmodellen zum Verständnis der Physiologie biogener Amine

Summary A synthetic ion exchanger containingR-PO(OH)₂ as active groups was shown to retain histamine and other basic substances selectively and, in most cases, with marked preference over the other cations (Na⁺, H⁺) present in the system. The results are taken to indicate that similar exchange reactions may occur on biogenic polyelectrolytes bearing similar active groups.     

Untersuchungen an Ionenaustauschmodellen zum Verständnis der Physiologie biogener Amine. Austauschgleichgewichte zwischen Natrium und Aminen an schwefelsäure-und karboxylgruppen-tragenden Ionenaustauschern

Summary The influence of an inorganic cation (sodium) was studied upon the distribution of physiologically or pharmacologically important amines on two different acid ion exchangers. When cation and amine are added in equivalent amounts to an exchange system of corresponding capacity, the distribution pattern of the amine shows differences which are characteristic of the active groups (SO₃H, COOH) of the relevant exchanger. Such reactions are thought to be of importance in biological activities of polyelectrolytes.     

Der Modellversuch am Tier in seiner Bedeutung für das Verständnis menschlicher Erbleiden

Summary The mutation of homologous genes can produce the same changes in phenotype in different mammals, animals as well as human beings. In this way the same hereditary disease can arise in man and animal. This fact permits the study of human hereditary diseases in model experiments in animals under conditions impossible to be realized in man. How far the parallelism between human beings and animals can be taken and where the limits of this parallelism are, which are the problems of the comparative heredo-pathology in detail, and how these problems may be attacked, is demonstrated here in numerous examples.

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Nach einem Vortrag in der Nederlandse Anthropogenetische Vereniging in Utrecht am 28. November 1953.     

Mögliche Beziehungen der optischen Aktivität zum Problem des Alterns

Summary The solubilities and other properties of compounds made by combination of optically active components, e.g. the solubilities of the salts made from the dextro-form of an acid and the dextro- or the laevo-form of a base are in some instancesextremely different. It is a consequence of these differences that in a living organism, containing optically active substance,the degree of optical purity of these substances is of outmost importance. The presence of undesired antipodes of any kind might fundamentally disturb the metabolism. It is also known that living organisms at least partly and continuously produce the optically active substances needed bysynthesis from optically inactive material.A kinetical and thermodynamical study of the conditions under which optically active substances can, with use of optically active catalysers, be synthetized from inactive material, shows that the degree of optical purity of the material synthetized is, even under the most favorable conditions, maximum in the beginning of the synthesis andis bound to decay when the synthesis is, chemically speaking,completed and if the synthetized material is left in contact with the catalyzer. Thus a racemization of the synthetized active material occurs in which the catalyzer which has originally produced this active substance actively accelerates the deterioration of its state of optical purity.The means are discussed by which the organism is able to delay this loss of optical purity; and it is shown that all poosible means to do so are indeed used by the organism. As these means can delay but never completely avoid the decay of optical purity, this decay, even if it be slow, i.e.an ageing of optical purity, is a necessity in the course of the life of a living organism. As a loss of optical purity must disturb the normal metabolism, this must, even if no other events occur, limit the individual life.Experimental evidence which would check the prediction of decay of optical purity with age is incomplete; in several instances, however, the experimental technique permits us to detect and to follow the occurrence of finite small amounts of undesired antipodes, e.g. of some amino acids in the proteins of living organisms.

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Vortrag, gehalten vor der Schweizerischen Gerontologischen Gesellschaft in Basel am 11. Dezember 1954.     

Untersuchung antileukämischer Substanzen an der Hühnerleukose

Summary In leukosis of chickens caused by administration of 1-m-Tolylsemicarbazide (Maretin-Bayer) Butzolidin caused a reduction of the number of leucocytes to normal values. This action might be attributed to a cytostatic effect of Butazolidin.     

Cytologische Beobachtungen an Rindererythrocyten mit Hämoglobin-Antikörpern

Summary A commercial crystallised beef-haemoglobin preparation, freed from membranes, produced in rabbits an immune-serum which gave a specific precipitation reaction with haemoglobin and did not agglutinate the trypsin-treated erythrocytes. The haemoglobin is not a structural element of the erythrocyte membrane but it is absorbed to these secondarily during their preparation.     

Serologisch-hämatologische und immunologische Untersuchungen an winterschlafenden Fledermäusen (Myotis myotis S.)

Summary Antibody deficiency in hibernating bats (Myotis myotis S.) was shown by precipitin reaction. The-globulins in serum of hibernating bats decreased to one half of the normal value. There is significant leukopenia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia. Injected bovine albumin was completely removed within 9 days in active animals, in torpid animals only 1/25 was absorbed from the 6th to the 23rd day.     

Einige Bemerkungen zur Form und zum Relief der Schädelausgüsse vonPithecanthropus und vonSinanthropus

Summary The general morphological and the fissural character ofDubois' andKoenigswalds Pithecanthropi andBlack's Sinanthropus (E) strongly suggest that thePithecanthropus brain had more anthropoid features than theSinanthropus brain.     

Über eine neue Färbemethode von Bakterienkulturen zum Zweck rascher Feststellung der Wirkung bakterizider Agenzien

Summary A method of staining bacterial colonies with the new N.N.C.D. reagent is described that has been used in the course of a research work on the influence of soft X-rays and slow cathode rays on microbes.     

Genetisch bedingte Tumoren und der Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren beiNicotiana

Summary The amphidiploid hybrid ofNicotiana glauca ×N. langsdorffi, producing tumors spontaneously, contains essentially more of the following free amino acids than the inital species: cystine, histamine, oxyproline, alanine, kynurenine, tryptophane, and a non-identified ninhydrine positive substance. It is supposed that the abnormally high content of free amino acids is connected with the spontaneous formation of tumors.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Die normale Zusammensetzung des Plasmaproteinfilmes an der Oberfläche von Kaninchenerythrocyten

Summary A plasma protein film is adsorbed at the surface of the red cells of rabbit. The percentage composition of this plasma protein film is different from the protein composition of plasma.-Globulin, lipoprotein and prealbumin are increased, albumin is decreased at the surface of the red cells.     

Genetisch bedingte Tumoren und der Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren bei lebendgebärenden Zahnkarpfen (Poeciliidae)

Summary The F₁- and F_nR-hybrids ofPlatypoecilus maculatus andXiphophorus helleri (Poeciliidae), producing melanomase spontaneously, contain essentially more free amino acids than the initial species. Further experiments show that the abnormally high content of free amino acids is connected with the spontaneous formation of tumors.

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Den Herren Prof. Dr.G. de Lattin (Zoologisches Institut Saarbrücken) und Prof. Dr.B. Eistert (Institut für organische Chemie Saarbrücken) sind wir für die stete Förderung dieser Arbeit zu grösstem Dank verpflichtet. Den Herren Prof. Dr.C. Kosswig (Hamburg), Prof. Dr.M. Gordon (New York) und Dr.H. Breider (Würzburg) sind wir für viele Anregungen und die freundliche Überlassung von Zuchtstämmen sehr dankbar. — Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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F. Anders, F. Vester, K. Klinke undH. Schumacher, Biol. Zbl., im Druck.     

Über eine einfache russkymographische Methode zur fortlaufenden Blutdruckmessung an Mäusen und Ratten

Summary A method has been described which allows the continuous recording of the blood pressure of small laboratory animals (mice and rats) on the smoked drum.     

Serologische Versuche zum Nachweis von «Taraxein»

Summary In the serum of acute schizophrenic patients, Taraxein could not be detected by means of immuno-electrophoresis, tanned cell hemagglutination and the latex-particle agglutination test.     

Cu(CH3CN) 2 + , ein Mittel zum Studium homogener Reaktionen des einwertigen Kupfers in wässriger Lösung

Summary The quantitative acidimetric investigation (Bjerrum's method) of Cu^I coordination reactions in homogeneous aqueous medium is feasible by application of the easily accessible, well crystallized stable complex Cu(CH₃CN)₄ClO₄ in 0.1 to 1 molar CH₃CN aq., the stability of particles present in the system Cu^I, CH₃CN, H₂O being previously established polarographically. The advantage of the new acidimetric method lies in the possibility of investigating Cu^I in absence of Cu^II.     

Die Säurefällung der Serumproteine

Summary Diluted serum was treated with diluted acid. Between pH 7·8 and 6·5 a part of the globulines is precipitated whose composition changes in favour of the more rapidly migrating fractions with rising pH. Sera denaturated by heat are flocculated quantitatively and behave like one monodisperse protein also in electrophoresis and chromatography. This leads to the conclusion, other than after denaturation, that negative loads of native proteins possess different strengths of absorption toward H.

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K. Simon, Exper.8, 55 (1952).     

Über die Oxydation ungesättigter Fettsäuren durch Pflanzensäfte

Summary Extracts from various parts, including root nodules, of different leguminous plants, and extracts from leaves of several other plants (belonging toSolanaceae andLabiatae) are able to accelerate efficiently the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.