北斗导航卫星伪距偏差特性及减弱方法

导航卫星信号的非理想特性会引起伪距测量产生偏差,具体表现为相同类型接收机具有相同伪距偏差,不同类型接收机的伪距偏差不一致.当提供导航定位服务产品的接收机技术状态与用户端不一致时,伪距偏差将引起导航定位服务性能降低.本文利用超短基线双差伪距O?C(Observation Minus Computation)方法计算了BDS(Beidou Satellite Navigation System)的伪距偏差,发现在早期试验卫星阶段的不同状态接收机之间存在较大的伪距偏差现象,设计了接收机环路参数调整、改变抗多径算法和卫星预失真滤波器参数调整三种减弱伪距偏差的方法.分别试验验证结果表明,接收机环路参数调整能大幅降低卫星之间的伪距偏差,B1I各颗卫星伪距偏差标准差由0.63 m降低至0.36 m;抗多径算法会造成额外的伪距偏差,窄相关算法能大幅减小伪距偏差,B1I各颗卫星伪距偏差标准差由0.36 m降低至0.18 m;调整卫星预失真滤波器参数能在一定程度上减小伪距偏差,单颗卫星伪距偏差降低约0.3–0.4 m.最后,针对BDS卫星伪距偏差解算无固定参考基准的问题,设计了一种基于外频标非实时双差O?C方法,利用该方法分别处理了BDS和GPS(Global Positioning System)数据,并对两个系统卫星伪距偏差的特性进行比较分析.结果表明,BDS和GPS卫星都存在伪距偏差;GPS卫星L2C伪距偏差与BDS-3卫星B1C数据支路相当;GPS卫星L1CA伪距偏差与其兼容互操作的BDS-3卫星B1C导频支路相当;L5C与其兼容互操作的BDS-3卫星B2a信号相比伪距偏差更大.     

基于单站GPS数据的GPS系统硬件延迟估算方法及结果比较

从GPS数据中解算电离层总电子含量(TEC)的最大误差源是硬件延迟。作者介绍了两种解算电离层TEC和硬件延迟的方法。利用单站的GPS双频数据,计算了2004年电离层TEC和硬件延迟,对两种方法得到的硬件延迟进行了比较,并且和欧洲定轨中心的公布结果进行了对比,同时分析了不同纬度台站数据解算硬件延迟的误差特点。结果表明：这两种方法均可以解算TEC和硬件延迟,结果是可靠的。解算的硬件延迟的标准偏差与观测站的纬度有关,在中国区域,纬度越低,估算的硬件延迟偏差越大,对这一情况进行了分析。     

基于单站GPS数据的GPS系统硬件延迟估算方法及结果比较

从GPS数据中解算电离层TEC的最大误差源是硬件延迟。作者介绍了两种解算电离层TEC和硬件延迟的方法。利用单站的GPS双频数据,计算了2004年电离层TEC和硬件延迟,对两种方法得到的硬件延迟进行了比较,并且和欧洲定轨中心的公布结果进行了对比,同时分析了不同纬度台站数据解算硬件延迟的误差特点。结果表明:这两种方法均可以解算TEC和硬件延迟,结果是可靠的。解算的硬件延迟的标准偏差与观测站的纬度有关,在中国区域,纬度越低,估算的硬件延迟偏差越大,对这一情况进行了分析。     

GPS接收机原始观测量的模拟实现

研究了ＧＰＳ信号这一类准正弦信号的最大似然参数估计方法，对估计方差的Ｃｒａｍｅｒ Ｒａｏ界进行了分析，采用计算机软件手段获得ＧＰＳ接收机伪距，多普勒频移观测量。为模拟分析ＧＰＳ导航算法，伪距差分ＧＰＳ等提供了客观依据。实验结果表明，利用该软件手段进行ＧＰＳ系统分析和处理是精确直观的，简便有效。     

全球定位系统/北斗双系统定位优势的验证与分析

为了验证与分析全球定位系统（GPS）与北斗卫星导航系统联合定位相较于GPS单系统定位在亚太地区的优势,利用GPS/北斗双频双模接收机开展不同模式下的动/静态单点定位实验和实时动态差分法（RTK）实验,并通过对实测数据的分析,给出了北斗导航卫星对GPS单系统定位的影响.结果表明,GPS/北斗双系统卫星观测相对于GPS单系统在卫星可视数量、卫星对于测站的几何分布、扩大连续运行参考站系统（CORS）网的作用范围等方面有很大的优势,而且双系统组合定位算法有效地提高了接收机的定位性能.     

基于不同参考框架的GPS卫星天线校验

重新估计了基于不同参考框架的GPS卫星天线PCO(相位中心偏差)和PCV(相位中心变化)参数.计算过程中,通过固定测站天线的PCO和PCV,并将测站坐标强约束至不同的参考框架之下,降低了GPS卫星天线参数和接收机天线参数以及参考框架参数之间的相关性.结果显示,基于不同参考框架的同类型卫星天线PCV差异的平均值为0.726mm;与IGS发布值差异的平均值为0.844mm;基于新公布的IGS14参考框架的GPS卫星天线PCO估计结果与IGS(国际GNSS服务)发布值差异的平均值为-14.4mm,基于IGb08参考框架的卫星天线PCO估计结果与IGS发布值差异的平均值为-16.8 mm.以上结果表明,本措施提高了GPS卫星相位中心PCO/PCV的一致性,从而也能提高GNSS(global navigation satellite system)技术用于框架传递的连续性.     

基于GPS弹道测量的卡尔曼滤波参数估计算法

为提高基于GPS定位的弹道辨识方法的实时性和可靠性,提出了一种以弹道微分方程四阶龙格库塔数值积分预测作为状态量递推的卡尔曼滤波弹道参数估计算法,并针对卫星接收机有粗大误差或失效情况对方法进行了改进. 利用卫星信号模拟器和C/A码GPS接收机构建半实物仿真系统对算法进行验证,该方法的弹道参数估计误差是GPS接收机正常工作时测量误差的30%～40%;且能在GPS接收机出现异常时继续给出接近实际的估计值.     

GNSS信号兼容捕获算法

目前卫星导航定位系统正在从单一的GPS时代向多星座并存的GNSS时代转移,多星座兼容的卫星导航接收机将会成为未来接收机产品的主流.常用的伪码频域和时域捕获算法,虽可以实现特定系统的伪码信号的快速捕获,但对于处理多个系统、多种调制方式、不同码长的卫星信号而言,尚存在一定的局限性.本文将提出一种应用于GNSS兼容接收机的通用信号快速捕获方法.经实际测试表明,该算法实现了兼容捕获GPS,GLONASS,Galileo和COMPASS等GNSS信号,可以对不同类型的卫星导航信号进行快速捕获,具备较高的实用价值.     

Development of an ionospheric scintillation monitor using single frequency GPS receiver

Besides their intended use in radio navigation, global positioning system (GPS) satellite signals provide convenient radio beacons for ionospheric studies. Among other propagation phenomena, the ionosphere affects GPS signal propagation through amplitude scintillations that develop after radio waves propagation through ionospheric electron density irregularities. This paper outlines the design, testing, and results of a specialized GPS receiver to monitorL-band scintillations. The scintillation monitor system consists of a commercial GPS receiver development kit with its software designed to log signal strength and carrier phase from up to 12 channels at one sample per second rate. Other prime features of the monitor include the data compression transmission and processing. Here is the fact that they are inexpensive and compact and therefore can be readily proliferated. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49984001) Biography: Shu Di-fei (1973-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

基于硬件平台干扰抑制算法的设计与实现

为了改善强干扰环境下的GPS接收机的性能,通过搭建一套软硬件接收系统,研究不同整列流型对抗干扰性能的影响。实验结果表明,该系统能使GPS接收机在-38 d Bm强干扰的环境下接收到GPS卫星信号,满足了干扰抑制的要求。     

Terrain imaging using a SAR system based on reflected GPS signals

This paper describes a 3D multi-static synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system which utilises reflected GPS signals from moving objects on the Earth's surface. The principle of bi-static radar is used to model the reflected GPS signals. The movement of a visible GPS satellite serves as a base for a synthetic aperture over an observation time period. As an example, a MATLAB simulation has been carried out in order to detect the movement of imaged object sunder the assumption of one static GPS receiver with two targets which move with different speeds. The influence of the visible satellite'sposition and velocity on the spatial resolution of such a SAR system isdiscussed. Simulation results show that by measuring the cross-correlation of the reflected GPS signal from the terrain and objects on it,the detection of the objects can enjoy a good spatial resolution for thecase of moving objects and a moving GPS receiver. Furthermore, thespatial resolution is also related to the selection of visible GPS satelliteswith respect to their azimuths, elevations and velocities. This systemhas the following useful features: (a) no dedicated signal transmitter is required; (b) the GPS signal frequency is reused; (c) GPS operates round-the-clock and its signals cover the entire Earth's surface; (d) low power consumption; and (e) known GPS signal structure.     

LEO卫星轨道参数对GPS掩星数量和分布的影响

利用低地球轨道LEO（LowEarth Orbit)卫星所载GPS接收机探测地球大气的分层结构是上世纪80年代后期才发展起来的新技术，不同的LEO卫星，将使发生的掩星事件数量和分布有所差别，在一定的大气折射指数分布模型和现有GPS星座的假设条件下，利用射线追踪法模拟了掩星事件，并讨论了LEO卫星的轨道倾角和高度对掩星事件发生的数量和分布的影响。其结论对实际发射LEO卫星时的参数选取具有参考价值。     

基于同态滤波的GPS空时自适应处理补偿技术

GPS系统工作在有干扰的环境中时,近处干扰与远处卫星间巨大的功率差异导致GPS信号的扩频增益不足以抵抗干扰的影响.空时自适应处理技术已成为GPS接收机抗干扰研究的热点,相比于空域自适应阵列处理可以有更多的抗干扰自由度,消除多个强的宽带干扰及近场的宽带干扰多径.但是由于空时自适应处理的结构使之在处理带宽上不能有一致的频率响应,造成GPS信号的相关函数的相关峰产生畸变,降低接收机的定位精度.本文分析了空域与空时域自适应阵列处理抵抗干扰的性能,对空时自适应处理的原理及影响卫星信号的原因进行了研究,为了恢复出期望的卫星信号,提出一种基于同态滤波均衡原理的方法,补偿由空时自适应处理造成的对卫星信号的影响.仿真结果表明了所提出的方法的有效性.     

利用GPS观测值反演电离层总电子含量的时空变化

为了便于电离层总电子含量时空变化的研究,利用区域电离层模型获得了GPS系统硬件延迟,从而进一步获取了绝对电离层总电子含量值.利用北京IGS站的GPS观测数据分别计算了2000年至2004年各个不同季节的总电子含量,经比较发现,电离层总电子含量表现出明显的季节性变化.利用中国地壳观测网络25个测站的观测数据计算发现,电离层总电子含量空间变化幅度大,在低纬度地区总电子含量值相对较大,而在中纬度地区相对较小.     

GPS receiver performance inspection by wavelet transform

As a powerful analysis tool and the result of contemporary mathematics development, wavelet transform has shown its promising application potentials through the research in the paper. Three aspects regarding GPS receiver performance is tackled: cycle slip detection, receiver noise analysis and receiver channel bias inspection. Wavelet decomposition for double differential observation has demonstrated that this multi-level transform can reveal cycle slips as small as 0.5 cycles without any pre-adjustment processes or satellite orbit information, it can therefore be regarded as a 'geometry free' method. Based on property assumption of receiver noise, signal of noise serial is obtained at the high frequency scale in wavelet decomposition layers. This kind of noise influence on GPSb aseline result can be effectively eliminated by reconstruction process during wavelet reconstruction. Through observed data analysis, the transform has detected a kind of receiver channel bias that has not been completely removed by processing unit of GPS receiver during clock offset resetting operation. Thus the wavelet approach can be employed as a kind of system diagnosis in a generalized point of view.     

Reference station network based RTK systems-concepts and progress

The limitation of single base "real-time kinematic"(RTK) techniques is the distance between base receiver and the rover receiver due to distance-dependent biases, namely orbit bias,ionosphere bias and troposphere bias. Techniques have been developed to overcome this distance dependence using a network of GPS reference stations spread over a wide geographic area. Because the measurement biases will be modelled and corrected for, the positioning accuracy will be almost independent of the inter-receiver distance.Since the mid-1990s investigators have been investigating the optimal means of processing reference receiver data, and then providing generally referred to as Network-RTK. In 1993 the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) established a Special Study Group on"Wide Area Modelling for Precise Satellite Positioning" . This paperfocusses on the progress made during the last few years in designing Network-RTK architectures and the associated data processing algorithms and issues. Although many university investigators have been researching the fundamental challenges in functional and stochastic modelling, currently there is only one commercially available Network-RTK product, the Trimble VRS. However, with the use of the Internet as the primary data communication link, it is predicted that various sites around the world, over the next few years.     

动态GPS接收机载波多普勒分析及环路跟踪性能实验研究

针对普通GPS接收机在炮射制导弹药动态条件下难以正常定位的问题,用SPIRENT卫星信号模拟器分析了几种动态条件下的载波多普勒频移及其变化率,进而产生载体不同动态条件下的卫星接收信号,用软件接收机对载波跟踪环路采用2、3阶锁相环(PLL)、1阶锁频环(FLL)辅助2阶PLL、2阶FLL辅助3阶PLL时的跟踪性能进行实验.结果表明,当载体加速度达到40 g时,仅用PLL无法正常跟踪,FLL辅助PLL跟踪正常;而对于弹道环境,1阶FLL辅助2阶PLL仅有一路跟踪正常,2阶FLL辅助3阶PLL有两路跟踪正常,据此给出了载波跟踪环路改进方案.     

基于全球卫星导航系统观测网的全球总电子含量快速反演方法

将全球按照地理经纬度进行网格划分,每网格选取一个接收机,基于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)观测网的全球定位系统(GPS)双频观测数据,在电离层薄层假设条件下,提出了一种基于球谐函数拟合的高时间分辨率总电子含量(TEC)快速反演方法.利用2006年四季中16个地磁平静日的GPS双频观测数据,针对15种不同的网格选站情况考察其TEC的反演效果与解算时间.结果表明,当网格选站间隔小于15°×30°(纬度×经度)时,数据拟合度约为2TECU,并都能较好地反演TEC.综合考虑穿刺点分布与解算时间,在10°×20°(纬度×经度)选站条件下,约在3min内即可反演出有效的TEC、卫星硬件偏差和接收机硬件偏差,从而提高了反演速度,10°×20°(纬度×经度)选站的快速反演TEC能够为全球电离层TEC现报提供一种有效方法.     

GPS定位系统中由相对论效应引起的误差

GPS定位系统中,卫星与接收器之间相对距离的测量,受到各种因素导致的误差影响,因而称之为伪距测量。在这些误差当中,由狭义和广义相对论导致的误差,在精确制导的情况下也要加以考虑。文章具体分析了这两个方面的误差,并估计了其误差值。     

GALILEO/GPS中频接收的同步性能研究

本文针对GALILEO/GPS中频接收机同步跟踪性能问题进行研究。主要进行GPS扩频信号和GALILEO BOC(m,n)信号的自相关函数峰值的比较,GPS/GALILEO接收机码跟踪、载波跟踪的速率精度的比较,其中码跟踪采取了延迟锁相环(DLL),载波跟踪采用costas锁相环。从仿真的结果可以看出,扩频码自相关函数具有单峰值,而BOS(m,n)信号自相关函数具有多峰值的特点,GALILEO接收机具有锁相速度快、精度高的特点。