共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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自然语言的聚合语义研究表明专名的合取、全称或数目名词的聚合用法以及普通名词的复数等特征的语义分析都需要区分原子个体和聚合个体的思想。本文在一阶逻辑的框架内描述自然语言的聚合语义,采用递归定义由原子个体域生成扩展的个体域,从而确立解释聚合语义的结构,据此构筑聚合谓词逻辑的公理系统,并证明其可靠性和完全性。 相似文献
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科学实在论与反实在论之争是科学哲学研究的热点。斯马特、普特南等人提出奇迹论证为科学理论成功与真理的关系辩护,劳丹等人基于科学史案例提出悲观归纳论证加以反驳。围绕科学理论所设定的实体以及理论是否趋真等问题两个阵营争论不断,美国学者P.凯尔·斯坦福在悲观归纳论证基础上,提出科学史的新归纳以及未被设想的替代者问题等新的论证,质疑科学实在论。悲观归纳和新归纳虽同为归纳,但侧重点不同。斯坦福的未被设想的替代者问题颇具深意。 相似文献
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Petar V. Grujić 《Foundations of Science》2007,12(1):39-83
We discuss a number of fundamental aspects of modern cosmological concepts, from the phenomenological, observational, theoretical
and epistemic points of view. We argue that the modern cosmology, despite a great advent, in particular in the observational
sector, is yet to solve important problems, posed already by the classical times. In particular the stress is put on discerning
the scientific features of modern cosmological paradigms from the more speculative ones, with the latter immersed in some
aspects deeply into mythological world picture. We finally discuss the principal paradigms, which are present in the modern
cosmological studies and evaluate their epistemic merits. 相似文献
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Lorenz Demey 《Foundations of Science》2013,18(4):599-610
This paper studies the Lockean thesis from the perspective of contemporary epistemic logic. The Lockean thesis states that belief can be defined as ‘sufficiently high degree of belief’. Its main problem is that it gives rise to a notion of belief which is not closed under conjunction. This problem is typical for classical epistemic logic: it is single-agent and static. I argue that from the perspective of contemporary epistemic logic, the Lockean thesis fares much better. I briefly mention that it can successfully be extended from single-agent to multi-agent settings. More importantly, I show that accepting the Lockean thesis (and a more sophisticated version for conditional beliefs) leads to a significant and unexpected unification in the dynamic behavior of (conditional) belief and high (conditional) probability with respect to public announcements. This constitutes a methodological argument in favor of the Lockean thesis. Furthermore, if one accepts Baltag’s Erlangen program for epistemology, this technical observation has even stronger philosophical implications: because belief and high probability display the same dynamic behavior, it is plausible that they are indeed one and the same epistemic notion. 相似文献
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动态认知逻辑是近年兴起的非经典逻辑,是一个相对比较新的研究领域.它是逻辑、认知以及信息相交汇的产物,旨在分析知识与信息的变化,为逻辑推理中的信息动态认知提供形式语言表达、结构模型以及一套形式化的处理办法.动态认知逻辑对于语言构造的分析、人的动态化认知过程、人工智能以及计算机的信息处理具有重要意义. 相似文献
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动态认知逻辑是近年来兴起不久的非经典逻辑,是一个相对比较新的研究领域.20世纪中后期人们对知识与信念的研究由静态向动态转变,荷兰逻辑学家J.van Benthem首先提出用动态模态逻辑为信息变化提供模型,建议用动态算子来刻画事实的变化,从而宣告动态认知逻辑的产生.到目前,动态认知逻辑得到了快速发展,人们不仅深入地讨论了公共宣告、半公开宣告和秘密告知等行为,而且还研究了行为过程中的信息更新、信念修正,进一步为它们提供了结构模型与形式表达,建立了一系列的形式系统. 相似文献