催化合成(Z)-丁烯二酸二[2-(2-乙基)己氧基]乙酯的条件优化

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成中间体（Z）－丁烯二酸二[2-(2-乙基）己氧基]乙酯,考察并优化了酯化反应条件,完善了新型阴离子表面活性剂丁二酸二（Z）－丁烯二酸二[2-(2-乙基）己氧基]乙酯磺酸钠的合成条件。确定了酯化反应最佳条件为：醇酐摩尔比为4：1,催化剂用量约占反应物总质量的0．8％,以120mL苯为带水剂,在回流状态下反应6h,最终酯化率可达95．8％。     

Bola型硫酸酯表面活性剂的合成

以聚丙二醇（PPG）为原料，经氯磺酸磺化，再用氢氧化钠中和，得到Bola型阴离子表面活性剂聚丙二醇二硫酸盐．考察了反应物物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等对转化率及产物的影响．确定了最佳反应条件为：n（HSO3Cl）：n（PPG）=2．04：1，反应温度30℃，反应时间2．25h（其中滴液时间1．5h）；中和反应的温度为50℃．在此反应条件下，醇转化率为94．60%，Bola型硫酸酯质量分数为82．35％．用IR、MS对此表面活性剂结构进行了表征，并测定了此表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶柬浓度ccmc．     

无机盐的存在对阴离子型表面活性剂临界胶束浓度的影响规律

在25℃时用电导法测量加入无机盐(NaCl、Na2CO3、CaCl2、SmCl3)的十二烷基硫酸钠溶液的电导率k，用作图法得出此类溶液的CMC值。根据CMC的变化可得出无机盐的存在对阴离子型表面活性剂CMC值的影响规律。实验表明，表面活性剂CMC值与无机盐中反离子浓度有如下关系：lgCMC=-2．4-0．085lg[Na^ ]，lgCMC=-2．4-0．051lg[Ca^2 ]，lgCMC=-2．3-0．021 lg[Sm^3 ]。同时发现，以上直线方程中的斜率B与无机盐中反离子的电价数Z之间存在如下关系：B=0．116-3．20x10^-2Z。     

二水合4，4′-偶氮二苯甲酸的晶体结构

报道了二水合4，4′-偶氮二苯甲酸的晶体结构，C14H14N2O6，Mr=306．27，晶体属正交晶系，空间群为Pna21，晶胞参数：a=1．18197（15）nm，b=0．39432（5）nm，c=3．0967（4）nm，V=1．4433（3）nm^3，Z=4，Dc=1．409Mg／m^3，F（000）：640，μ=0．112mm^-1，λ（MoKα）=0．071073nm，R1=0．0647 and wR2=0．1492，2758独立衍射点（I〉2σ（I））．晶体堆积通过苯环的π-π堆积和羧基与水的分子间氢键作用而稳定，形成超分子结构．     

[（DMPZM）HgI2]的合成与晶体结构（DMPZM=双（3，5-二甲基吡唑）甲烷）

在乙腈中,双（3,5-二甲基吡唑）甲烷（DMPZM）与HgI2反应得到化合物[（DMPZM）HgI2]（1）,该化合物通过熔点、元素分析、核磁、红外光谱等表征．X射线衍射法测得该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为D2 1／c,晶胞参数：a=1．2219（3）nm,b=1．4756（4）nm,c=0．9540（2）nm,β=100．309（5）°,V=1．6924（6）nm3,C11H16HgI2N4,Mr=658．67,Dc=2．585g／cm3,Z=4,F（000）=1184,R1=0．0474,ωR2=0．0991,S=0．0474．汞原子与DMPZM中的2个氮原子和2个碘原子配位,形成扭曲的四面体结构．Hg—N、Hg-I平均键长分别为0．2047nm、0．2670nm．     

纤维素强阴离子交换剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

利用农副产品废弃物麦秆，荞麦皮、锯末，稻壳中的纤维素制备纤维素强阴离子交换剂，用静态方法测定了它们对模拟电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ）的去除率，讨论了离子交换剂的用量，离子交换时间，PH值对Cr(Ⅵ）的去除率的影响，结果表明，离子交换剂的用量为0．3克，离子交换时间为30min;PH值为2．5－3．5，对Cr(Ⅵ）的去除率可达99．5％以上，用动态方法测定了阴离子交换剂对Cr(Ⅵ）的饱和吸附容量，用ω（NaOH)为8％的溶液解吸再生，再生率可达90％以上，该类纤维素强阴离子交换剂，特别是麦秆纤维素强阴离子交换剂对Cr(Ⅵ）有良好的吸附能力，吸附容量可达76．4mg.g^-1，是一种较好的吸附材料。     

K5H11[WO2（PW9O34）2]·33H2O和K6Na2H2[Ni4（H2O）2（PW9O34）2]·23H2O的合成与表征

在常规条件下合成了2种具有一维链状结构的多金属钨酸盐K5H11[WO2（PW9O34）2]·33H2O（1）和K6Na2H2[Ni4（H2O）2（PW9O34）2]·23H2O（2）．采用X射线单晶结构分析、元素分析和红外光谱对其进行了表征．结果表明：化合物1属于正交晶系,Fddd空间群;晶胞参数a=2．9063nm,b=3．1790nm,c=3．9148nm,α=90．00°,β=90．00°γ=90．00°,V：36．1940nm^3,Z=2,R1=0．0706,ωR2=0．1621．化合物2属于单斜晶系,P2（1）／n空间群;晶胞参数a=1．1916nm,b=1．6547nm,C=2．1211nm,α=90．00°,β=100．66°,γ=90．00°,V=4．1098nm^3,Z=16,R1=0．0638,ωR2=0．1432．     

一维之字链配位聚合物[Cd（p-cpoa）（H2O）3]n的合成和表征

水热条件下,合成了一维之字链配位聚合物[Cd（p-cpoa）（H2O）3]n（1）（p-cpoa=4-羧基苯氧乙酸阴离子）并通过元素分析,IR,TG,PL和单晶X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征．该配合物属单钭晶系,P21／c空间群,晶胞参数分别为：a=7．086（1）．b=16．288（1）,c=10．146（t）A,β=100．22（1）°,V=1152．4（1）A3,Z=4,Dc=2．078g／cm3,μ=1．927mm-1 and F（000）=712,R=0．0145,wR=0．0385．镉离子是七配位,与两个4-CPOA的羧基氧原子和3个端基水配位形成变形的五角双锥,并被4-CPOA以双双齿螯合的形式桥连形成沿B方向的Z字形链,链内镉离子间距为10．25（1）A。单链通过4-羧基苯氧乙酸和水分子之间的O-H—O氢键作用（2．828（2）,2．638（2）,2．825（2）,2．663（2）and 2．728（2）A）形成平行于AB平面的二维层,再通过相邻层间的配位水和羧酸基强的O-H-O氢键作用堆垛成有趣的三维超分子结构。热分析结果表明在366℃前配合物是稳定的;固体荧光测定结果表明配合物于420nm处发射蓝色荧光,其荧光寿命为0.811ns。     

1—（ω—烷氧基烷基）己内酰胺的相转移合成法

已内酰与α，ω－二卤代烷在固－液相转移条件下（KOH）／K2CO3混合碱，TBAB为PTC）反应是1－（ω－卤代烷基）己内酰胺1，研究了反应温度、时间、碱及催化剂用量对1，4－二溴丁烷与已内酰胺进行单取代反应产率的影响。结果表明：当己内酰胺：1，4－二溴丁烷：氢氧化钾；碳酸钾：TBAB为1：3：1．5：3：0．05（摩尔比）时，90℃下反应，13h，产率可达75．4％，并合成了其它3个1－（ω－卤代烷基）己内酰胺，在类似的固－液相转移条件下，1与醇反应得标题化合物。     

微生物降解含煤油废水的研究

采用微生物法对含煤油废水进行降解，利用HC-404非分散红外测油仪和GC／MS联用仪对降解效果进行跟踪测定。正交试验得出较佳的降解条件为硼（C）：ω（N）：ω（P）=360：6：1，1L废水中加入表面活性剂0．5mL，H202为4mL，pH值为8。非分散红外测定结果表明，该条件下烷烃总降解率为91．53％。由降解前后质谱图的对比得出，对正烷烃的降解作用最为明显，其次是支链烷烃，对芳香烃化合物亦有一定程度的降解效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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