高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过对12根高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁的抗弯试验,观测试验梁的破坏现象和失效过程,研究混凝土强度等级、非预应力高强钢筋配筋率、预应力钢筋配筋率等因素对其抗弯性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力适筋梁破坏过程包括开裂前阶段、带裂缝工作阶段和钢筋屈服后直至失效3个阶段,各阶段破坏模式与普通钢筋混凝土梁受弯破坏相似,均为延性破坏.混凝土强度等级以影响钢筋屈服后的抗弯性能为主,高强度等级混凝土试验梁的后期承载力下降较小.非预应力筋配筋率显著影响试验梁开裂后的抗弯性能,即相同变形时,配筋率越高承载力越高.相同张拉控制应力条件下,预应力筋配筋率越高开裂弯矩越大;相同弯矩作用下,预应力配筋率越高变形越小,其极限承载力也越高.     

预应力筋应力腐蚀后预应力混凝土梁受力性能研究

为研究预应力筋应力腐蚀对预应力混凝土梁承载力和耐久性的影响,设计制作了7根用人工坑蚀模拟预应力筋受应力腐蚀的预应力混凝土梁,进行静力受力性能试验。试验结果表明:预应力筋坑蚀后的预应力混凝土梁的开裂荷载、极限荷载低于普通预应力混凝土梁,并随坑蚀深度的增大而下降;增大预应力度可提高应力腐蚀预应力筋混凝土梁的开裂荷载;增大非预应力钢筋的配筋率可提高预应力混凝土梁的开裂荷载、极限荷载;随着坑蚀的增大,构件抗弯刚度迅速下降;提高预应力度可减缓构件抗弯刚度的下降,而增大非预应力钢筋的配筋率对抗弯刚度的影响则较小。根据该文预应力筋坑蚀后的预应力混凝土梁极限承载力计算公式得到的理论值与实测值相吻合,可供工程实践参考。     

开孔板加劲型压型钢板加固混凝土界面黏结-滑移机理

为研究开孔板(perfobond leiste,PBL)加劲型压型钢板加固混凝土界面黏结-滑移机理,首先设计了3组试件进行推出试验,分析了其破坏形态、极限荷载值和滑移量,然后在试验基础上建立了有限元模型,分析了PBL连接件极限荷载值的影响参数.研究结果表明:PBL连接件破坏分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和破坏阶段3个阶段,试件破坏时混凝土出现贯通裂缝,底部混凝土剥落,试件为混凝土剪切破坏,且为延性破坏.影响PBL连接件极限承载力的参数主要有贯穿钢筋、黏结摩擦力、混凝土强度、开孔直径和PBL厚度,其中贯穿钢筋影响最明显,有贯穿钢筋的试件比无贯穿钢筋的试件极限承载力提高了约73.8％,贯穿钢筋也可以提高极限滑移量,增加延性.黏结摩擦力通常作为安全储备,混凝土强度和开孔直径的增加也可显著提高极限承载力,而PBL厚度影响不显著,开孔钢板强度对极限承载力基本无影响.     

AFRP-钢混合配筋对混凝土构件抗弯性能的影响研究

为了研究AFRP—钢混合配筋混凝土构件的极限抗弯承载力及抗裂性能,基于平截面假定以及变形协调条件,通过建立内力平衡方程,推导了AFRP—钢混合配筋混凝土构件适筋破坏的极限抗弯承载力及开裂弯矩的计算公式,利用推导的计算公式对七组具有相同整体配筋率、不同AFRP筋与钢筋面积比的混合配筋构件的抗弯承载力及开裂弯矩进行了分析,并进行了试验验证。研究表明:用AFRP筋代替部分普通钢筋,对混合配筋混凝土构件的抗弯极限承载力以及开裂弯矩都会有影响,当混凝土中配置的筋材整体配筋率相同时,构件的极限抗弯承载力随着AFRP筋与钢筋的配筋比的增加而逐渐提高,但是开裂弯矩随着其配筋比的增大而呈减小的趋势。混合配筋混凝土构件能有效的提高构件的极限抗弯承载力,但是对构件的抗裂性能没有提高。混合配筋构件可应用于对构件抗裂性能要求不高,但对极限抗弯承载力要求较高的结构中。     

二次受力下钢筋RPC外包型钢梁的受弯性能

为探究新型材料对钢结构性能的增强效果,通过外包钢筋活性粉末混凝土（RPC）对受荷状态下的型钢梁进行加固并分析其受弯性能。通过二次受力下的抗弯试验,分析了钢筋RPC外包型钢梁的破坏过程和初始荷载、RPC强度、型钢强度对梁抗弯承载力的影响,并对试验结果进行了有限元模拟验证。结果表明：在不同参数影响下,外包钢筋RPC增强后的型钢梁与纯钢梁相比抗弯承载力提高17~2倍,破坏过程表现出良好的延性;受力过程中型钢与RPC界面未发生黏结破坏,两者能够共同工作;钢筋RPC外包型钢梁的极限承载力随初始荷载的增大而减小,随RPC强度和型钢强度增大而增大。根据试验结果,提出了二次受力下钢筋RPC外包型钢梁受弯承载力计算公式以及RPC强度折减公式,试验值、计算值和模拟值三者吻合良好。     

预应力CFRP绞线和钢筋混合配筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能

为了探索碳纤维复材(CFRP)绞线在混凝土结构中的应用,采用CFRP绞线作为预应力筋,开展了预应力CFRP绞线和钢筋混合配筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究。试验结果表明:平截面假定适用于混合配筋的混凝土梁;配置预应力CFRP绞线可以显著提高混凝土梁的抗弯承载力,相比于普通钢筋混凝土梁,混合配筋混凝土梁的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载分别提高了74%~146%、27%~48%和29%~50%,但混合配筋混凝土梁的延性明显降低;在混凝土压碎失效模式下,预应力水平和预应力CFRP绞线数量对延性影响并不明显;GB 50608—2020《纤维增强复合材料工程应用技术标准》中预应力纤维复材(FRP)筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力计算公式可以应用于预应力CFRP绞线和钢筋混合配筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力计算。     

单调荷载下体外预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的受力性能

基于3根模型梁试件的单调静力试验,对体外预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的受力性能进行了研究.研究表明:施加体外预应力可以有效提高组合梁的抗弯承载力,但试件的延性有所降低;试件纯弯段截面应变分布符合平截面假定;增大栓钉间距可以提高试件的极限变形能力,但对其抗弯承载力的影响不大;试件的抗剪连接程度越低,达到极限荷载时栓钉滑移值越大.结合试验并通过有限元建模,分析了混凝土强度等级、有效预应力、预应力筋线型、栓钉间距等对体外预应力组合梁受力性能的影响.最后,在考虑了预应力筋作用的基础上,提出了体外预应力组合梁抗弯承载力的简化计算方法,该方法可为体外预应力组合梁的设计计算提供参考.     

波形钢腹板组合梁体外预应力极限应力模型试验及建议公式

为研究波形钢腹板组合梁体外预应力极限应力增量的影响因素和计算方法,开展了体外预应力波形钢腹板组合梁的抗弯承载力试验,建立了非线性数值模型,分析了各参数对体外预应力极限应力增量的影响规律.基于Pannell模型和参数拟合分析,提出了适用于波形钢腹板组合梁体外预应力极限应力的建议公式,并与已有试验结果进行对比验证.结果表明:波形钢腹板组合梁具有良好的延性;体外预应力筋应力增量随混凝土强度的增加而线性增加,随受拉区普通钢筋面积和强度、体外预应力筋初始有效应力及跨高比的增加而线性减小;跨中加载与三分点加载方式下极限应力增量的比值为0. 87;等效塑性铰长度和中性轴高度比值的均值为17. 74.     

高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁短期刚度研究

通过对12根足尺高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁的抗弯性能试验,分析了现有规范刚度计算公式的适用性以及换算配筋率、混凝土强度等级等因素对梁短期刚度的影响.研究结果表明,梁的短期刚度随换算配筋率的增大、混凝土强度等级的提高而增强;中美混凝土规范刚度计算公式对于高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁仍然适用.试验研究结果可为高强钢筋高强混凝土预应力梁在实际工程中的应用提供参考依据.     

套筒连接的预制拼装桥墩抗剪性能试验

为了探究采用灌浆套筒连接预制拼装桥墩的抗剪性能和影响因素,对拼接缝位置、截面中心增设无黏结预应力筋、拼接面增设剪力键齿的预制拼装桥墩试件及现浇混凝土桥墩试件进行了拟静力试验.分析比较了试件的损伤发展过程和最终的破坏模式.从滞回曲线、极限剪切承载力、变形等方面探讨了试件的抗剪性能,并与现浇混凝土试件的抗剪性能进行了比较.试验结果表明,采用灌浆套筒连接构造的预制拼装桥墩主要表现为弯剪破坏模式,变形能力和耗能能力良好,且与现浇试件抗剪性能相近.截面中心增设无黏结预应力筋的试件,可提高抗剪承载力,并降低了残余变形.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-