二维散热条件对混凝土内部温度梯度及热传输的影响

为了获得二维散热条件下混凝土内部的温度分布情况,采用埋入温度传感器的方法,从水化温度峰值开始测量了混凝土试件内部不同位置的温度变化.结果表明,二维散热条件下,混凝土内部温度受到2个方向上的散热影响.越接近试件表面的位置,其温度随时间的增加下降得越快,产生的温度梯度越大,因此造成温度应力更大;在快速降温阶段,即从终凝到6...     

均质度对脆岩压缩破坏及裂纹扩展的影响规律

为研究均质度对脆性岩石单轴压缩力学特性、破裂特征及裂纹扩展的影响规律,应用离散元UDEC软件建立了Voronoi块体集数值试件,借助FISH语言及Weibull分布函数实现了块体弹性模量及块体接触面抗拉强度的非均匀分布,开展了不同均质度系数下脆性花岗岩的单轴压缩模拟试验.结果表明:试件的抗压强度、弹性模量均随均质度系数增大而增大,而破坏前变形量则随均质度系数增大而减小,并都趋于稳定;试件宏观破裂形态呈X形共轭斜面剪破坏,细观破坏类型包括晶粒间及晶粒内部的拉、剪破坏;应力峰值前试件以拉破坏裂纹扩展为主,峰值后以剪破坏裂纹扩展为主;均质度系数越小,裂纹扩展及分布越分散,裂纹累计长度也越小,但在轴向应变小于0.2%时,拉破坏裂纹长度与均质度系数变化成反比,说明非均质程度较高的试件在压缩初期已开始出现拉破坏裂纹的扩展;此外,均质度系数为6.0的试件与均质试件的力学特性及裂纹扩展已较为接近,故在采用Weibull分布来描述岩石的非均质性时,均质度系数的取值不应过大.     

基于数字图像的花岗岩双轴压缩数值试验研究

以花岗岩室内试验为基础,研究花岗岩基于数字图像的二维颗粒离散元模拟方法.根据拍摄的花岗岩照片,运用数字图像技术重构花岗岩真实的细观结构模型.基于重构的细观结构模型建立相应的数值模型,采用颗粒流程序(PFC),通过单轴压缩试验,标定PFC模型参数,利用二维数值双轴试验方法研究花岗岩的力学特性,并从细观上探讨花岗岩的变形破坏机制.研究试件在数值试验中的受力全过程和细观破坏形态,得到试验数据,绘制应力-应变曲线和裂缝数-荷载步曲线,与室内试验结果进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:基于数字图像的花岗岩双轴压缩试验模拟获得的花岗岩强度特性、微观裂缝的发展过程和试件破坏特点与室内试验结果吻合;基于数字图像的二维颗粒离散元法可以描述花岗岩这类具有明显非连续性特征材料在单轴、双轴受压状态下的细观破坏特征,可为进一步研究非均质材料在复杂受力条件下的破坏机理奠定基础.     

轴向冲击荷载下L形截面钢管混凝土短柱受力性能

为研究L形截面钢管混凝土短柱在受到轴向冲击荷载作用下的受力性能,通过落锤冲击试验,获得在不同冲击高度下的冲击应力时程曲线,并建立有限元模型,分析钢材、混凝土强度和冲击不同位置对短柱力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着冲击高度的增加,落锤冲击应力峰值增大;钢材壁厚大的试件,其冲击应力峰值较大,变形较小;选择强度较大的钢材能显著提高试件的抗冲击承载力,而混凝土强度等级的影响则相对较小,在不同的冲击位置下显示协同性较好。     

不锈钢焊接箱形截面残余应力试验与分布模型

通过焊接加工奥氏体型S30408和双相型S22253两种材料牌号的8个不锈钢箱形截面试件,利用线切割将试件截面完全分割成条带,采用Whittemore手持应变仪量测各条带上释放的残余应变,从而测得试件截面上的残余应力大小与分布形态.试验结果表明,试件截面内残余拉应力峰值一般低于材料的名义屈服强度,奥氏体型S30408和双相型S22253两种不锈钢试件分别达到其名义屈服强度的80%和60%;而组成板件残余压应力的峰值随板件宽厚比的增大而降低.根据整理得出的残余应力量测结果,基于原有普通钢材焊接箱形截面的残余应力分布模型,提出了能够准确预测不锈钢焊接箱形截面残余应力分布的简化模型.测得的残余应力数据和提出的简化分布模型适用于不锈钢结构构件稳定性的相关研究.     

基于钢材单轴拉伸试验的微观断裂模型预测规律分析

基于钢材单轴拉伸试验,提出了关于拉伸试验数据和真实应力-应变曲线的修正方法.开发了VGM模型和SMCS模型的USDFLD用户子程序,用于微观断裂模型的有限元模拟,分析了应力三轴度对等截面和非等截面构件微观断裂模型预测结果的影响.结果 表明,进行等截面构件的本构曲线拟合时应同时考虑颈缩点真实应力和断裂点真实应力的修正.受应力三轴度的影响,在等截面拉伸条件下SMCS模型预测的断裂位移普遍小于VGM模型.非等截面拉伸条件下应力三轴度的变化趋势多样,SMCS模型预测两板相交构件的断裂变形量远大于VGM模型,前者为后者的3.10倍.当拉伸构件存在多个断裂危险点时,VGM模型与SMCS模型的启裂点出现于不同位置处,建议以VGM模型预测位置为准.     

不同微波照射参数对花岗岩强度的影响

基于采用微波能量预先弱化岩石的方法可以有效地降低岩石强度这一理论,通过对花岗岩试件进行一定条件下的微波照射及劈裂试验。再利用ANSYS软件建立简化的二相岩石模型,模拟不同功率密度和照射时间下模型内部的温度分布和应力分布。结果表明:一定功率下,随着微波照射时间的增加,花岗岩试件抗拉强度逐渐降低,降低速度先快后慢,存在一个最佳照射时间范围。而采用高功率密度和短时间的微波照射时,模型内部的温度梯度增大,更易产生较高的温度应力,造成岩石损伤。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,为微波辅助机械破岩技术提供一定的参考价值。     

混凝土一种假三轴塑性本构模型

在试验中发现:混凝土在很小的压力下就有塑性变形,混凝土的应力状态达到峰值前甚至峰值后不一定会有扩容.考虑了这两个试验现象,在构造的模型中假定混凝土初始屈服强度为零,从而模型算出的单调加载条件下的应力-应变曲线具有和试验相符合的光滑、连续的特征.提出了判断材料的应力状态到达峰值前是否出现扩容的方法,使模型能对扩容和不出现扩容两种试验现象进行模拟.模型与沿4组假三轴压缩比例加载应力路径对混凝土加载的试验结果进行了对比,模型对实验中混凝土的峰前段应力-应变关系能进行合理模拟,对峰值后可模拟小段范围内的应力-应变关系及其趋势.     

单颗粒杂质位置与圆盘试件单轴劈裂抗拉强度相关性研究

运用PFC3D颗粒流模型对单颗粒杂质位置与圆盘试件单轴劈裂抗拉强度的相关性进行了研究。对比分析了均质与含单颗粒杂质圆盘在巴西试验过程中的应力状态及破坏形态,揭示了杂质颗粒位置的不同对巴西圆盘抗拉强度实验结果的影响规律。结果表明,杂质颗粒可使抗拉强度减小,杂质颗粒位于加压轴线垂直方向的直径上时,距圆盘中心水平距离越近,对抗拉强度影响越大;杂质颗粒位于加压轴线上时,距圆盘中心距离越远,对抗拉强度的影响越大;杂质颗粒所处位置不同会导致试件发生不同形态特征的破坏。通过多次含有杂质圆盘单轴抗拉实验结果综合分析,得出了含杂质圆盘单轴抗拉强度实验结果的修正系数公式。     

花岗岩在微波照射下的损伤研究

基于采用微波能量预先弱化岩石的方法可以有效的降低岩石强度这一理论。本文先通过对花岗岩试件进行一定条件下的微波照射及劈裂试验,再利用ANSYS软件建立简化的二相岩石模型,模拟不同功率密度和照射时间下模型内部的温度分布和应力分布。结果表明：一定功率下,随着微波照射时间的增加,花岗岩试件抗拉强度逐渐降低,降低速度先快后慢,存在一个最佳照射时间范围。而采用高功率密度和短时间的微波照射时,模型内部的温度梯度增大,更易产生较高的温度应力,造成岩石损伤。模拟结果与试结果基本吻合,为微波辅助机械破岩技术提供一定的参考价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that