碎石保护结构防拖锚效果的DEM分析

在近海港口停泊地区,海底管线通常埋置在碎石保护结构中,以免遭受来自拖锚或抛锚的撞击而损伤.为评价走锚时碎石保护结构对海底管线的防护效果,基于碎石结构的离散特点,采用离散单元法(DEM)模拟了拖锚从细砂到碎石保护结构的运动过程,并与室内模型试验结果对比,验证了该方法的可行性.在此基础上,利用离散单元法研究了碎石保护结构的抗锚害机理,分析了不同碎石粒径、不同拖锚速度及不同初始拖锚位置时锚拖曳力、锚爪转角及锚爪爪尖轨迹等的变化规律.分析结果表明,碎石粒径和拖锚速度越大,锚爪爪尖在碎石层中抬升的高度越高,越有利于保护海底管线;从不同初始位置开始的拖锚运动,达到稳定运动状态时的拖曳力、锚爪爪尖轨迹及锚爪转角基本相同.该结果可以为海底管线碎石保护结构的设计提供依据.     

船舶抛锚过程中落锚贯入深度研究

落锚作业是船舶抛锚定位过程的第1个环节,在落锚过程中,船锚不仅可能直接撞击海底管线造成危害,而且船锚的贯入深度会影响拖锚的运动轨迹,从而间接影响海底结构物的运行安全,可见确定船舶落锚阶段船锚的最终贯入深度十分重要.为此,首先开展一系列小比尺落锚模型试验,分别研究在黏性土和无黏性土中船锚质量和落锚高度对霍尔锚和大抓力锚最终贯入深度的影响,发现贯入深度随船锚质量和落锚高度的增加而呈非线性增加,但增幅不断减缓.然后,结合小比尺模型试验,采用能量法和太沙基极限承载力公式拟合船锚贯入深度的计算公式,并确定式中的经验系数.另外,在小比尺模型试验的基础上,验证船舶落锚的数值模拟方法,并对原型船锚的贯入过程进行分析,讨论贯入过程中船锚姿态变化的过程和规律,以进一步揭示落锚贯入深度与船锚触底动能之间的关系.最后,开展现场船舶落锚试验,对比分析本文公式、Young公式、DNV坠物公式、DNV落管公式与现场实测数据之间的差异,发现试验结果和本文公式吻合良好,在验证本文公式正确性的同时阐明了其他理论算法的适用条件与局限性.     

基于ABAQUS的拖锚载荷对海底管线的影响研究

锚击是造成海底管线第三方损伤的重要因素.本文将拖锚对海底管线的损伤分为撞击、拖曳两个方面,并利用ABAQUS软件对上述两种作用方式进行数值模拟.撞击分析中,利用数值模型分析了管壁厚度、管线长度对最终凹痕深度的影响,并与其他撞击形式、规范计算值进行了对比.拖曳分析中,重点探讨了海床土壤性质的影响.结果表明,拖锚对海底管线的撞击作用影响相对较小,平铺于砂质海床上的管线最大拖曳力计算值更大.应用ABAQUS的有限元模型研究海底管线的抗锚害问题切实可行,对于管线设计、提高管线安全性有一定指导意义.     

导流板对海底管线下沉自埋及涡振影响

为研究导流板对海底管线的下沉、自埋及涡振的影响,采用ANSYS软件流固双向耦合数值模拟方式分别对无导流板、30°、60°、90°夹角安装导流板的海底管线进行模拟计算,并通过现有试验结果对比验证数值模拟的可行性。模拟分析得到不同方式安装导流板的海底管线附近压力分布云图、流场分布云图、管线所受升力、拽力曲线、应力变化曲线及下沉变形量曲线。结果表明:海底管线上安装导流板,使得管线上下表面的海流区域形成压力差,压力差随导流板的夹角增大而增大;但传统90°夹角安装导流板的海底管线后侧压力产生波动,使管线产生涡激振动,存在疲劳破坏隐患;60°安装导流板海底管线,下沉变形量出现趋恒现象;管线下方流速最大,冲刷海床形成凹陷,为管线下沉创造条件,同时管线后方回流带起的泥沙对管线形成自埋。     

海底输油管线吊放过程中的强度和变形计算

海底输油管线在敷设过程中南非进行管线吊放作业，为了正确模拟管线的吊放过程提出了一种采用几何非线性和物理非线性数值处理方法，并对一管线实例进行了强主和变形计算，为吊放作业提供理论依据。     

海底管线自沉过程研究

海底管线的稳定性是海底管线研究的重要内容之一.通过有限元软件ABAQUS,应用Mohr-Coulomb塑性模型,模拟海底管线自沉过程.通过进行海床土体初始地应力平衡、设置管土接触的方法,建立海底管土相互作用模型,分别计算了管线在自重和波流载荷联合作用下的管线变形及土体沉降量.计算结果显示,管线自重和波流载荷对管线的弯曲变形影响较大,对土体沉降量影响较小.同时通过对比模拟研究,发现管线水下重量、外径,土体粘聚力、内摩擦角都对土体沉降量有不同程度的影响,影响的大小程度取决于土体是否进入塑性屈服状态,参数的改变使土体越容易发生塑性屈服,土体的沉降量越大.     

作用在斜坡海底管线上的斜向波浪力试验

通过模型试验研究了在斜向波浪作用下斜坡沙床上海底管线所受波浪力的变化规律。通过改变相对波高、K_c数以及管线与斜坡坡脚线夹角θ,测量管线中间位置截面表面所受波浪点压力和管线整体三维总力。试验结果表明,改变相对波高、K_c数和管线与斜坡坡脚线夹角,管线表面所受点压力和总力均呈现相应的规律,且θ对管线总力影响最大;管线所受波浪点压力表现为"正弦"曲线规律,局部表面受力在一定程度上反映了管线整体受力变化。     

船舶撞击锚泊防撞系统的能量平衡关系分析

为了研究船舶撞击锚泊防撞系统过程中的能量平衡关系,根据动能定理和锚链力求解方程,计算船舶正面撞击锚泊拦阻系统时锚泊系统的动能和力做的功,主要考虑船的动能、锚与海底的摩擦力做的功以及锚链力做的功.在模型实验的基础上进行分析计算,结果表明,船舶的动能变化量基本上等于摩擦力和锚链力做功之和.说明摩擦力和锚链力做功抵消船舶动能可以作为拦阻系统初步设计的基本条件.     

浅水区海底埋设管线上非线性波浪力

在设计埋入海底的管线时 ,波浪引起的渗流力是必须考虑的主要环境因素之一 .基于一阶近似椭圆余弦波理论研究了浅水区非线性波浪对海底埋设管线的作用 ,求得了作用于管线上的渗流压力解析解 ,并同线性波浪理论结果进行了比较 .计算结果表明 ,当 L/d较大时 ,非线性结果远较线性结果大 ;当 L/d <8时 ,两者相差不大 .此外 ,土参数 Cs的影响也很显著 ,当 Cs值在单位量级左右时 ,非线性波浪力可达到最大值     

考虑人工边界的海底管线地震应力分析

海床动力响应分析一般将管线假定为刚性,没有考虑地震荷载作用下海床边界的等效处理,亦不能合理地考虑海床与管线的相互作用效应.基于Biot动力固结理论建立了海床-管线相互作用的计算模型,利用粘弹性人工边界,以大型有限元软件ADINA为平台对El-Centro地震波作用下的海底管线的动力响应进行分析,重点讨论了成层海床土对海床中孔隙水压力和海底管线内应力的影响.结果表明:海床土性的变化对海底管线的内应力影响不大,而对海底管线周围孔隙水压力的影响很重要.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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