水下油气溢漏事故污染物输移预测模型

为评估海底油气管道泄漏、油气井井喷等水下事故的污染风险及其损害影响,及时制定科学应急反应决策,本文基于拉格朗日积分方法建立水下油气溢漏事故污染物输移预测模型.该模型能够模拟污染物在密度和流速分层的真实水下环境中的水流卷吸、湍流分散、溢油溶解、油气共同输移与分离输移等动态行为.进行了水下环境的浮力射流、气泡羽流以及油气分离输移等实验的数值模拟验证,计算结果与实验数据基本吻合.实际水下溢油试验结果表明,溢油在水下环境中的输移扩散过程的模拟结果与现场监测数据基本符合.     

三维海洋溢油预测模型的建立

提出一个海洋溢油三维物理归宿和输运的动力学综合模型。该模型包含了一系列的数学公式来描述对流,湍扩散,表面扩展,铅直扩散,乳化和蒸发过程,每一公式的建立是独立的并且与相关过程,环境和其它参数相联系,该模型需要输入流场作为输运的媒介,这可从感兴趣区域的三维潮和风驱动的流动动力学模型获得,模型用来预测和后报溢油在海洋环境中的归宿和输移,可为溢油应急反应和环境影响评价.服务。     

水下输油管道溢油运动模拟及应急处理

为更好地模拟溢油动态行为,为溢油应急处理提供及时有效的信息,在FLUENT环境下,以二阶Stokes波为例,建立波浪、海流和风3项因素共同作用下的水下溢油模型,探索溢油运动规律.结果表明,溢油初期,在深层海水中风和波浪的影响较弱,主要为水流携带溢油向下游运动,加大了水底油污的扩散程度和污染范围,围油栏的布设应以此为参考;溢油上升至浅层海水中,风和波浪作用会增大水下油滴的离散化程度,加剧油和水的掺混并对油膜的位置和大小起决定作用,可采用凝油剂和吸油剂等进行溢油处理.     

海底管线溢油的数值模拟

采用VOF方法,选择压力速度耦合的PISO算法建立海底管道孔口溢油预测模型.模拟油滴在浮力的作用下的上浮过程,分析比较不同管内压力和不同水流速度条件下的溢油量、油滴漂移扩散轨迹.计算结果表明,管道内压力直接影响单位时间溢油量,而水流速度等海况条件是影响溢油行为和归宿的重要因素之一.数值模拟方法可为溢油应急决策提供理论依据.     

基于POM的大连湾溢油预测模型

基于POM建立了M2分潮的大连湾海域三维潮流场动力模式。利用此动力模式,以“油粒子”模型来模拟溢油在大连湾中的漂移扩散过程。通过欧拉一拉格朗日法,将油膜中心的轨迹和各个时刻的油膜分布情况可视化。溢油预测模型综合考虑了三维流场,湍流,风导输移和波浪破等环境因素,并包含了蒸发和乳化等风化过程。以大连湾溢油为例,预测了油膜在风和海流共同作用下漂移的路径和油膜影响的海域及海岸带范围,油膜靠岸后证明了动力溢油模型进行溢油预测的可行性。     

渤海海洋溢油的数学模型

建立了嵌套模式的渤海二维水动力数学模型,模型网格采用显隐交替有限差分格式(即ADI差分格式)进行计算.用追赶法逐段求解,用调和分析法计算模型的水动力边界条件,将潮汐过程计算结果与实测资料进行对比验证其结果吻合良好.溢油数学模型理论公式考虑了实时风场和表面流场作用下油膜质心的迁移和扩散范围,模拟了海上溢油油膜运动轨迹,并用水槽实验验证了公式的正确性.在水动力模型基础上应用溢油运动模式建立了海洋溢油数学模型,对风场作用和无风作用两种条件下的静止点源瞬时溢油和连续溢油运动轨迹和扩散范围进行了计算、分析和比较,并计算了有、无风场作用时移动点源连续溢油污染扩散范围,为海洋溢油数学模型的研究提供了较完整的思路.     

油气分离器内油滴运动轨迹的数值模拟

在不考虑相间相互作用的条件下，气相采用RNG k-ε（重整化群）湍流模型，油滴相采用随机轨道模型，对油气分离器一次油分内的油气两相流动进行了数值模拟，揭示了油气分离器内的流动分布和油滴的运动轨迹及分离机理．计算结果表明：一次油分内的速度场分布不均匀，而且靠近挡板底面附近的气流速度很小，这样易使进入二次油分滤芯前较小的油滴分离；另外，不同粒径的油滴其运动轨迹差别很大，很明显，粒径大的油滴较容易分离；油滴入射的初始位置不同，其分离速度的差别较大，运动轨迹也明显不同．     

近岸波浪作用下污染物运动数值研究

近岸波浪是影响污染物输移扩散的重要水动力因素之一.波浪对污染物输移扩散的影响主要有波浪扰动造成的水体紊动系数的增大和波浪破碎后形成的波生流对污染物输移作用.结合基于波作用守恒方程和光程函数方程的近岸波浪模型、三维水动力模型,以及污染物输移扩散模型,对波浪传播过程中污染物离散系数变化以及波浪破碎后形成的波生流中的污染物输移进行了数值模拟.模型基于非结构化网格,可用于大范围波流以及污染物的耦合计算.数值结果与解析值以及实验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的精度和适应性.     

基于CFD的海底管道油气泄漏扩散模拟分析

针对海底管道泄漏后的油气扩散特性进行了数值模拟研究。建立了海底管道上部区域的泄漏扩散模型,利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法对该模型进行了油气泄漏后的扩散模拟,并定量分析了泄漏物扩散距离。模拟结果表明:该模型及模拟方法能够在一定程度上反映油气泄漏扩散真实情况,且随着含气率增大,大油滴越易破碎成大量的小油滴,溢油扩散范围更广;随着泄漏速度增大,溢油横向漂移距离逐渐增大,且变化接近线性分布;海流速度对溢油的横向漂移有直接影响,随着海流速度增大,溢油的射流高度不断减小。     

油气分离器内油滴轨迹的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究分离器内油滴的运动。单相流场采用各向异性的雷诺应力方程模型，气液两相流场采用相间耦合的DPM模型计算，用随机轨道模型对油滴的运动轨迹进行追踪。通过对油滴轨迹的分析，揭示了油滴在分离器中运动的物理机制。结果表明：油滴的轨迹受叶片数量、叶轮转速和油滴粒径的影响很大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that