基于人工势场法和模型预测控制的船舶变速避碰研究

针对船舶在狭窄水域航行时,提出一种基于人工势场法和模型预测控制的船舶智能变速避碰算法。通过对周围环境建模,使用人工势场法建立势场,结合《国际海上避碰规则》对船舶避碰的对应规则要求,快速计算出符合避碰规则的建议航向。其次,利用模型预测控制,根据《国际海上避碰规则》对船舶变速的相关要求,在狭窄水域船舶行动受限的条件下,预测迭代一定时间内的避碰情况,给出最符合要求的速度值。经过仿真表明：算法提供的航速和航向决策能实现狭窄水域范围内的多船有效避让,为船舶驾驶员的避碰决策提供参考与支持。     

基于改进人工势场法的多无人艇避障策略

针对多无人艇编队避障问题,对静态避障的路径消耗问题进行建模分析,在动态避障时提出一种偏置人工势场法使策略符合艇群国际海上避碰规则（swarm International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,sCOLREGS）。本方法首先对传统人工势场法进行改进,定义符合艇群会遇态势判断需求的sCOLREGS,通过速度障碍法实时判断碰撞风险,然后利用偏置斥力区域的改进人工势场法实现对规则的遵守。仿真实验表明,本文方法在障碍物与编队大小相当时可显著减少避障路程,在确保避障实时性的同时,较好地遵守了国际海上避碰规则相关条例。研究结论可为海面无人艇集群安全航行提供参考。     

混合智能系统在船舶自动避碰决策中的应用

为减少或避免由于人为失误导致的船舶碰撞事故,促进船舶航行安全,船舶自动避碰系统的研究正在逐渐深入,其中船舶自动避碰决策算法是关键.综述了模糊神经网络、混合专家系统、软硬计算混合系统、综合性仿人智能系统在该领域的应用,并对相关研究成果进行分类整理、分析不足,指出混合智能应用于船舶自动避碰决策算法中的研究方向.     

基于自适应神经网络智能舵的自动避碰研究

通过优化船舶避碰过程中涉及的数学模型,设计了一种基于自适应神经网络智能舵的自动避碰算法,用于船舶避碰决策过程。该算法可以判断会遇情况,计算碰撞危险度,并自动确定转向时间和转向幅度。此外,在船舶自动避碰过程中,还考虑了COLREGs,航行经验和自动避碰方法。基于动态面技术和神经网络方法,解决了船舶运动控制系统中由后推法引起的"计算量膨胀"和"维度灾难"问题。通过对"YUKUN"号和"YULONG"号远洋船的Matlab仿真实验,验证了所提出的自动避碰决策系统的有效性。     

基于广义势场的多机器人避碰算法

针对目前多机器人避碰算法存在的计算复杂、缺乏普适性等的局限性,以传统人工势场法为基础,将协商和意愿引入人工势场范畴,提出了多机器人系统运动规划的广义势场算法.该算法以物理空间障碍为基础构造排斥势场,以意愿为基础构造吸引势场,并通过排斥势场与吸引势场的拓扑积构成人工势场.在人工势场中,通过对势场中微团运动趋势的求解就可得出所需的路径规划.实验证明,该算法不仅具有人工势场法系统模型构造简单、能够进行最优路径规划的优势,而且在系统运行过程中有效地避免了系统死锁的发生.     

基于异源信息融合的无人水面艇动态路径规划

为解决无人水面艇自主避碰决策中的动态路径规划问题,提出一种基于电子海图与雷达图像融合环境建模的改进人工势场动态路径规划方法.对电子海图中静态环境数据和动态雷达图像数据进行提取,采用Hausdorff距离匹配算法对异源信息进行融合,建立无人水面艇路径搜索空间的动态环境模型,并在动态感知环境信息的基础上,利用改进的人工势场法进行路径规划的仿真验证.仿真结果证明了基于电子海图与雷达图像信息融合的无人艇动态路径规划方法的合理性和有效性.     

基于改进蚁群算法的船舶路径规划算法与避碰仿真实验

近年来,船舶正逐渐向智能化和自主化方向发展,船舶路径规划作为实现船舶智能化的基础,已成为学术界的研究热点。蚁群算法作为最常用的元启发式算法之一,在解决路径规划问题上取得了不错的效果,但仍然存在若干缺陷。为解决蚁群算法实现船舶路径规划时存在的迭代速度慢、路径安全性较低等问题,采用启发式和融合式策略改进算法：在蚁群算法迭代初期,引入人工势场,提高算法迭代效率;将路径长度、路径安全性和路径平滑性约束函数融入信息素更新规则,保障船舶航行路径安全;构建混合蚁群静态路径规划算法,加入船舶避碰方法,搭建船舶动态路径规划算法。为验证路径规划算法的可行性和稳定性,设计各种仿真环境并进行了对比分析,结果表明,改进后的蚁群算法收敛速度快,且路径规划更加贴合实际。     

基于改进PPO算法的船舶自主避碰决策

为减少船舶避碰决策过程中人为失误导致的海难事故，提出一种基于改进近端策略优化(PPO)算法的船舶自主避碰决策。在传统PPO算法广义优势估计基础上加入自适应基线调整，并且使用长短期记忆网络(LSTM)改进网络结构。船舶的航行信息和激光雷达矢量线被应用于神经网络输入，航行制导、角度偏差及《1972年避碰规则》均被纳入改进的奖励函数设计。两船和多船会遇场景仿真实验表明：本文提出的避碰决策可使船舶实现自主航行，并在避碰过程中符合《避碰规则》,为处理复杂局面下的船舶避碰决策提供了参考。     

多船紧迫危险局面的智能避碰决策与仿真

基于"船舶拟人智能避碰决策"理论基础,采用船舶相对运动几何分析与仿真试验相结合的方法,着重研究多艘船舶陷入紧迫危险局面下,避让重点船的智能避碰决策及其实施方案的校验与优化算法;借助航行安全与自动避碰(NSACA)仿真测试平台进行仿真实验,验证了理论分析结果的正确性.     

气象不确定下的船舶避台路径优化

为减小船舶在海上航行时遭遇台风的高风险,设计了兼顾全局与局部规划的避台路径优化方案,运用A*算法与人工势场法(APF)并加以改进,分别应用于全局规划与局部规划中.在A*算法的代价函数中加入了来自燃油消耗与安全性带来的影响,并采用路径更贴近实际航路的24邻域节点扩展法;另外,解决了 APF中局部极小值与不可达的问题,并引...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.