塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积特征及模式

通过露头、新钻井岩芯、薄片、测(录)井及地震资料的综合分析,开展奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相研究,识别出5种相、11种亚相和20多种微相类型,建立碳酸盐岩台-棚相间沉积相发育模式。以此为指导,结合地震层位解释及反射特征研究,刻画奥陶纪不同时期沉积相平面展布特征。研究结果表明:早奥陶世麦盖提斜坡南部发育欠补偿陆棚相沉积,东部发育开阔台地高能粒屑滩,西部发育中低能藻丘沉积。晚奥陶世早期盆地南部台缘斜坡带应沿玛4井—玉北7井一线向南延伸,且为无镶边缓斜坡沉积。     

塔里木盆地塔中良里塔格组层序及岩相古地理特征

塔中低凸起是塔里木盆地隆起带由多级次级构造带组成的大型台背斜构造.奥陶纪海平面多次升降以及晚奥陶世末期抬升剥蚀的作用,使良里塔格组成为该地区沉积范围最为广泛的地层.在对该地区奥陶系层序地层研究的基础上,良里塔格组识别出SQ1和SQ2层序.以体系域为单位,结合多种地质因素和条件,编制良里塔格组层序—岩相古地理图.结果表明,塔中地区奥陶系良里塔格组沉积相带和古地理演化与构造运动和海平面变化密切相关,从塔中中央隆起向北斜坡和南斜坡依次发育碳酸盐陆棚—棚缘—斜坡—混积陆棚—半深海的沉积体系.     

黔东南下古生界碳酸盐岩台地演化

位于上扬子地块东南缘的黔东南石阡地区,下古生界地层连续发育,地质现象丰富,是研究扬子台地演化最有利的地区之一。根据野外勘查、实测剖面以及镜下薄片观察资料,识别出陆棚相、台地边缘相、台地相、潮坪相4种沉积相类型,并对扬子碳酸盐岩台地的演化过程进行精细刻画,建立其台地演化模式,研究台地由出现至成熟至衰亡的发展过程。结果表明,黔东南地区下古生界碳酸盐岩台地演化经历过建设期、发展期、逆演化期3个明显阶段。第二世早期(清虚洞组沉积期)黔南地区开始出现碳酸盐岩沉积,晚期完整的台、坡、盆格局形成;特马豆克期,碳酸盐岩沉积累计厚度达千余米,为发展期的顶峰;早奥陶世大坪期,受郁南运动影响,黔东地区由局限台地向开阔台地转变,受郁南运动的持续影响,台地逐渐向缓坡相过渡,沉积了大套的碎屑岩以及碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩混积的缓坡相岩石组合,拉开了碳酸盐岩台地逆向的序幕。晚奥陶世末,黔中隆起、雪峰隆起相继形成,毕节—遵义—石阡—铜仁一线以南抬升遭受剥蚀,五峰组、龙马溪组地层缺失,中上扬子碳酸盐岩台地的演化迎来终结。     

塔里木盆地早中寒武世张裂构造及沉积响应

塔里木盆地塔中、巴楚地区中下寒武统发育半地堑和正断裂,说明早中寒武世塔里木盆地为张裂构造环境;半地堑在平面上呈带状分布,纵向发育具有继承性;正断层的平面组合形态呈侧列式和雁列式,断层断距自西向东逐渐增大。张裂构造是离散大陆边缘形成时强烈拉张作用的产物,半地堑的形成与塔西南被动大陆边缘和塔东克拉通边缘拗陷的形成有关,受盆地东北缘三叉裂谷系发育的影响更为明显。断裂体系控制着盆地的沉积格局和充填演化,盆地整体呈现台地相—斜坡相—半深海盆地相的沉积格局,而半地堑的走向呈NW—SE向,与隐伏基底断裂走向一致,其沉积模式为灰岩—云岩—膏岩—盐岩—红层沉积。     

轮南地区奥陶系储层特征及其影响因素

奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层是轮南地区主要产层之一,油气藏类型为古潜山油藏.自早奥陶世(O1p)至晚奥陶世(O3S),奥陶系经历了半局限台地相→开阔海台地相→台地边缘相→台缘斜坡相→混积浅水陆棚相的沉积演化,沉积了多种岩石类型,储层岩石主要为亮晶颗粒灰岩.压实作用、胶结作用使得奥陶系储层基质孔隙度较低、孔喉结构差,为差或非储层.由于奥陶系后多次构造运动,使奥陶系裂缝、岩溶作用发育,形成有大量溶蚀孔、洞、缝的有效储层.岩溶、裂缝发育区,为储层的有利分布区.轮南地区西部、中部为风化壳岩溶发育区,东部为深部岩溶发育区.     

轮南周缘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育规律

塔里木盆地轮南周缘地区奥陶系发育良好,主要由海相碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑岩组成。沉积相分析表明,中下奥陶统鹰山组为区域性的开阔台地相台内滩夹滩间海沉积,中奥陶统一间房组为区域性的海水变浅的开阔台地浅滩夹点礁沉积,上奥陶统吐木休克组发育沉没台地－斜坡相,上奥陶统良里塔格组是在晚奥陶世海侵背景下碳酸盐岩台地边缘－斜坡相的沉积产物。研究区奥陶系发育两期礁滩体,第一期礁滩体发育于中奥陶统一间房组,第二期礁滩体发育于上奥陶统良里塔格组上部,两期礁滩体的发育环境和分布范围各具特色。奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相带总体上呈近南北向展布,各相带在近东西方向上错落有序分布,并且随时间发生明显的侧向迁移。     

六盘山地区早中奥陶世碳酸盐台地-斜坡沉积特征及沉积环境分析

六盘山地区早中奥陶世马家沟组、平凉组为一套碳酸盐台地-斜坡沉积建造序列,发育碳酸盐开阔台地沉积体系、台地灰泥、碎屑流沉积体系及重力滑塌、碳酸盐浊流等沉积体系。自下而上为一套向上变粗变厚的进积型沉积建造。反映了鄂尔多斯陆块西缘早中奥陶世被动大陆边缘碳酸盐陆棚与台前海盆共存的古地理格局。     

论新疆东准噶尔蛇绿岩的时代及其意义

讨论了位于新疆准噶尔盆地东北缘的克拉麦里和阿尔曼太两条蛇绿岩带。侧重从蛇绿岩自身的同位素定年、伴生组分的微体古生物和蛇绿岩带的区域构造等方面系统阐述这两条蛇绿岩带的时代。作者得到的新认识是：这两条蛇绿岩带所代表的古洋发育的时代相近,可能从新元古代晚期开始孕育,发育的鼎盛时期是寒武纪至早、中奥陶世,晚奥陶世到早志留民为其萎缩、闭合时期,这个新认识在重建古亚洲洋和认识北疆大陆地壳演化历史方面都有重要意义。     

四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组沉积相展布及勘探意义

通过对四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组盆缘野外剖面、岩芯详细观察,结合地震、测井等资料研究分析,建立标准岩性、古生物地层剖面,识别相标志,将沉积相划分为开阔台地相、台地边缘相、斜坡相及盆地相,在平武-茂汶-小金一带识别斜坡相和盆地相,川西地区发育台地边缘滩相带,川西-川中隆起带为开阔台地相台内滩亚相发育带;川北-蜀南低隆带为开阔台地相开阔海和台内滩亚相;川东地区为开阔台地相台内浅洼亚相。区域地层对比及沉积相展布表明,二叠系沉积前古地貌控制栖霞组沉积格局,加里东古隆起地貌及川西裂陷盆地发育共同控制川西地区栖霞组台地边缘相展布。栖霞组台缘相带发育规模相控白云岩储层,与下寒武统优质烃源层形成良好源储匹配关系,栖霞组台缘相带是深层海相碳酸盐岩重点勘探领域,泥盆系-二叠系具有相同源储匹配关系,具备发育大型构造岩性圈闭气藏的地质条件,推覆体下盘发育大型隐伏构造高带,是整体勘探、立体勘探重要有利区带。     

西秦岭峡城—晒经滩地区中三叠世碳酸盐台地古斜坡的识别及其古地理意义

 碳酸盐台地斜坡为位于碳酸盐台地和深海盆地之间一个坡折地带,这一环境中,重力作用控制了沉积物的沉积和变形,其研究具有重要的古地理和经济意义。峡城地区中三叠统发现大量碳酸盐碎屑流沉积及同沉积断层和削切构造,而晒经滩中三叠统古浪堤组复理石中同样有大量碳酸盐碎屑流沉积出现。为探索该区中三叠世的古地理环境特征,结合室内碳酸盐岩微相分析,从露头角度对它们进行了识别。对这些沉积物和沉积构造的分析研究表明,沿西秦岭峡城、晒经滩一线存在一个近SEE—NWW向展布的大陆斜坡,该斜坡在峡城地区主要以深水碳酸盐沉积为主,向NWW方向逐渐过渡为以陆源碎屑沉积为主,该斜坡向NNE为碳酸盐台地沉积,向SW方向则过渡为深海沉积。     

中扬子地区下寒武统烃源岩横向分布及主控因素分析

基于前人研究资料和野外露头剖面详细观测及样品实测数据,讨论了中扬子地区下寒武统烃源岩的横向分布特征,探讨了烃源岩横向分布的主控因素.研究认为:中扬子地区下寒武统烃源岩围绕中扬子碳酸盐台地呈环状分布;台地内没有烃源岩发育,向洋一侧烃源岩逐渐加厚.研究区下寒武统烃源岩的分布受控于早寒武世早期盆地原型的分布,烃源岩的发育受沉积相控制.烃源岩所发育的相带均为陆棚边缘盆地相,早寒武世沧浪浦期—龙王庙期的浅海陆棚相、滨浅海相、台缘滩相、台缘斜坡相、局限台地相等沉积相带的碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩有机质含量均较低,烃源岩发育极差.     

An epipodite-bearing crown-group crustacean from the Lower Cambrian

Crown-group crustaceans (Eucrustacea) are common in the fossil record of the past 500 million years back to the early Ordovician period, and very rare representatives are also known from the late Middle and Late Cambrian periods. Finds in Lower Cambrian rocks of the Phosphatocopina, the fossil sister group to eucrustaceans, imply that members of the eucrustacean stem lineage co-occurred, but it remained unclear whether crown-group members were also present at that time. 'Orsten'-type fossils are typically tiny embryos and cuticle-bearing animals, of which the cuticle is phosphatized and the material is three-dimensional and complete with soft parts. Such fossils are found predominantly in the Cambrian and Ordovician and provide detailed morphological and phylogenetic information on the early evolution of metazoans. Here we report an Orsten-type Konservat-Lagerst?tte from the Lower Cambrian of China that contains at least three new arthropod species, of which we describe the most abundant form on the basis of exceptionally well preserved material of several growth stages. The limb morphology and other details of this new species are markedly similar to those of living cephalocarids, branchiopods and copepods and it is assigned to the Eucrustacea, thus representing the first undoubted crown-group crustacean from the early Cambrian. Its stratigraphical position provides substantial support to the proposition that the main cladogenic event that gave rise to the Arthropoda was before the Cambrian. Small leaf-shaped structures on the outer limb base of the new species provide evidence on the long-debated issue of the origin of epipodites: they occur in a set of three, derive from setae and are a ground-pattern feature of Eucrustacea.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西部马家沟期层序岩相古地理

针对鄂尔多斯盆地西部下奥陶统马家沟组Osq7、Osq8和Osq9层序,以体系域作为成图单元,采用体系域压缩法进行层序岩相古地理编图实践,研究鄂尔多斯盆地西部早奥陶世马家沟期层序岩相古地理的特征及演化。研究表明：下奥陶统地层主要由巨厚的海相碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩组成,可划分为19个三级层序,其中的马家沟组包含了8个三级层序,而且大多数属于Ⅱ型层序,主要由陆架边缘－陆架内低位、海侵、高位体系域构成。陆架边缘－陆架内低位域以中央古隆起出露海面成为规模较大的古陆为特色;海侵域以发育碳酸盐台地相以及出现碳酸盐陆棚、斜坡、海槽相为特征;高位域以云坪扩大、碳酸盐台地增生以及台内浅滩出现为典型特征。在盆地西部中央古隆起、贺兰拗拉槽等组成的古构造格局以及海平面升降变化的控制下,该区早奥陶世马家沟期层序岩相古地理总体上呈现出自西向东依次为海槽、斜坡、陆棚、台地/古陆、陆架内盆地边缘等错落有序的相带展布格局。     

The distribution of the oil derived from Cambrian source rocks in Lunnan area,the Tarim Basin,China

There are great differences in biomarks between Cambrian oil and Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. In this stuty, the authors analyzed 40 oils found in Lunnan area by GC-MS and calculated the content of Cambrian oil in the 40 oils according to the steroid indexes of typical oil mixture and match experiment. The results show that it is a general phenomenon in Ordovician reservoir that the oil derived from Cambrian source rock mixed with the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock in Lunnan area, the mixture degree of the two oils is lower in Carboniferous reservoir than in Ordovician reservoir, and the oils kept in Triassic reservoir have single source, Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock. The mixture oils mainly composed of Cambrian oil (>50%) distributed in Sangtamu fault zone, and the oils found in Lunnan fault zone are Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. This distribution of oils in Lunnan area is owing to that Lunnan fault zone is located in anticline axis part, Lunnan fault zone underwent serious erosion, and the oils from Cambrian source rock accumulated in Lunnan fault zone were degraded completely during Caledonian-Hercynian movement. But the Cambrian oil accumulated in Sangtamu fault zone was not degraded completely and some of them were left for the location of Sangtamu fault zone is lower than Lunnan fault zone. Later, the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock mixed with the remained Cambrian oil, and the mixture oil formed in Sangtamu fault zone.     

A giant Ordovician anomalocaridid

Anomalocaridids, giant lightly sclerotized invertebrate predators, occur in a number of exceptionally preserved early and middle Cambrian (542-501?million years ago) biotas and have come to symbolize the unfamiliar morphologies displayed by stem organisms in faunas of the Burgess Shale type. They are characterized by a pair of anterior, segmented appendages, a circlet of plates around the mouth, and an elongate segmented trunk lacking true tergites with a pair of flexible lateral lobes per segment. Disarticulated body parts, such as the anterior appendages and oral circlet, had been assigned to a range of taxonomic groups--but the discovery of complete specimens from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale showed that these disparate elements all belong to a single kind of animal. Phylogenetic analyses support a position of anomalocaridids in the arthropod stem, as a sister group to the euarthropods. The anomalocaridids were the largest animals in Cambrian communities. The youngest unequivocal examples occur in the middle Cambrian Marjum Formation of Utah but an arthropod retaining some anomalocaridid characteristics is present in the Devonian of Germany. Here we report the post-Cambrian occurrence of anomalocaridids, from the Early Ordovician (488-472?million years ago) Fezouata Biota in southeastern Morocco, including specimens larger than any in Cambrian biotas. These giant animals were an important element of some marine communities for about 30?million years longer than previously realized. The Moroccan specimens confirm the presence of a dorsal array of flexible blades attached to a transverse rachis on the trunk segments; these blades probably functioned as gills.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

湖南桃源地区寒武系与奥陶系界线附近的树形笔石类

对产自湖南桃源地区寒武系与奥陶系界线附近的树笔石类进行了系统研究,计有9属40余种和亚种,其中新种11个.根据这些笔石的产出层位,自寒武系顶部至奥陶系新厂阶可建立四个笔石带,自上而下为Heterograptus带,Anisograptus带,Dictyograptus flabell-iformis带和Dictyograptus wutingshanensis带.