Synthesis and characterization of cathode material LiCoPO4 with a low-heating solid-state reaction

为了寻找制备正极材料LiCoPO4的新方法,在室温下把NH4 CoPO4·H2O和LiOH·H2O混合研磨成均匀的粉末,将粉末烘干后,于300℃焙烧3h进行低热固相反应,即可得到正极材料LiCoPO4晶体.用X-射线衍射(XRD),红外光谱(IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)对产物进行了表征,结果表明,4种不同焙烧时间(3,4,5,6 h)经300℃焙烧均得到具有正交晶系物相、空间群为Pnma(62)的LiCoPO4晶体材料.与已有的报道相比,文中所述的合成方法不仅显著地降低了焙烧温度,而且大幅缩短了焙烧时间.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2制备及光谱研究

用共沉淀法合成了Li Ni0.5Mn0.5O2材料.为了探索共沉淀法合成Li Ni0.5Mn0.5O2的最佳工艺,详细研究了研磨时间、pH值、预处理温度、煅烧温度、煅烧时间和冷却方式等对材料结构的影响.以氢氧化锂为锂源,Ni(NO3)2.6 H2O和Mn(Ac)2.4 H2O为镍源和锰源,锂与镍、锰物质的量比为1.1∶0.5∶0.5,经强氧化剂处理,900℃下煅烧12 h后经淬冷制备了Li Ni0.5Mn0.5O2样品.采用XRD,Raman和XPS对该样品进行了分析,结果表明:材料为标准的α-NaFeO2层状结构,属于六方晶系;镍以正二价的形式存在,锰主要以正四价存在,非常接近理论计算的理想结构.     

球形微细碳酸锂粉体的制备工艺研究

研究了球形碳酸锂粉体的制备方法,最佳的合成工艺条件为以LiOH·H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,LiOH的质量百分浓度9%、反应时间20min、反应温度40℃,干燥温度200℃,干燥时间1h.得到直径为300-400mm、视密度为3.4g·ml-1、表而较为完整、均匀性和流动性较好的球形碳酸锂.     

Li-Mn-Al-O锂离子正极材料的合成及其性能

以Mn2O3,Al(NO3)3.9H2O和LiOH.H2O为原料,采用固相合成法制备掺铝锰酸锂材料。研究结果表明:掺铝样品是一种复相,物相组成为尖晶石LiMn2O4和单斜型Li2MnO3;掺铝后材料颗粒粒度变小,晶体形状为类球形;该材料性能介于层状LiMnO2和尖晶石LiMn2O4性能之间,当掺铝量为0.1时,最高容量可达197mA.h.g-1,循环20次后,容量还高于在190 mA.h.g-1;掺铝可提高材料的电导率,促进锂离子在电极中的迁移,提高材料电化学性能。     

混合碱法制备尖晶石型LiMn_2O_4纳米棒及其表征

以MnSO4·H2O和LiOH·H2O为原料,NaOH和KOH为溶剂,利用混合碱法制备了尖晶石型LiMn2O4纳米棒,并系统地研究了不同反应条件对比表面积的影响.制备LiMn2O4纳米棒的适宜工艺条件:Li和Mn物质的量比为1.1∶2,反应温度200℃,反应时间24h.采用表面与孔径测定仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对产品进行了表征,并得出结论:混合碱法制备的LiMn2O4粒度较小,比表面积大,具有尖晶石型结构,有望成为高性能锂离子电池正极材料.     

自混合熔盐燃烧合成LiMn_2O_4的初步研究

以低熔点醋酸锂(70℃)和醋酸锰(80℃)为原料,在不添加任何燃料的条件下,用熔盐燃烧合成法制备尖晶石型LiMn2O4正极材料.研究了600℃点燃温度下,不同保温时间以及2次焙烧的工艺条件对产物的影响.结果表明,在600℃通过延长保温时间不能得到单相尖晶石型LiMn2O4产物,只能得到主晶相为尖晶石型LiMn2O4的产物.保温时间1 h时产物中有Mn3O4和Mn2O3 2种杂质,而保温时间达3 h及以上时,产物中只有Mn2O3杂质,其中以保温时间6 h得到的LiMn2O4含量最高,杂质最少;产物经600℃2次焙烧12 h后可得到单相尖晶石型LiMn2O4物质,且增加焙烧时间大于12 h后对样品中成分基本无影响;产物中LiMn2O4的结晶性随焙烧时间增加而逐渐增加.     

固相法制备正交LiMnO_2的结构与电化学性能

以Mn2O3和LiOH·H2O为原料,采用固相法制备了正交LiMnO2(简写为o-LiMnO2),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学循环测试对o-LiMnO2进行了研究.结果表明,反应温度较高时,o-LiMnO2晶体生长较完整,(110)晶面的堆垛层错较少.随着温度升高,o-LiMnO2电极首次库仑效率减小,放电容量逐渐降低,但循环稳定性有所提高.o-LiMnO2的电化学性能对充放电电流密度非常敏感,当充放电电流密度增大时,o-LiMnO2的活化次数增多,放电容量减小.     

纳米铁酸钴的合成及其在水处理中的应用

以F-127为表面活性剂,CoCl2·6H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为无机源,采用一种简单的有机溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米铁酸钴溶胶,分别在450℃、500℃、600℃焙烧有机凝胶得到铁酸钴纳米粒子.通过XRD、红外、TG、比表面积测定等,对纳米铁酸钴样品进行了表征.随着焙烧温度的升高,样品的XRD衍射峰强度逐渐增加,结晶度提高,但比表面积下降.研究了制备的铁酸钴对污水中Cr(VI)离子的去除能力,实验结果表明焙烧温度越低,去除能力越强.     

用反相微乳法制备二甲苯燃烧催化剂CuMnOx

用Triton X-100/正己醇/环己烷/水的微乳体系,合成了一系列CuMnOx催化剂.考察了焙烧温度、沉淀剂种类、水与表面活性剂的物质的量之比ω0(ω0=[H2O]/[Triton X-100])、锰铜物质的量之比对CuMnOx催化燃烧二甲苯活性的影响.结果表明,以氨水作沉淀剂,控制n(Mn):n(Cu)= 2:1,ω0=10,500 ℃焙烧制得的CuMnOx催化剂具有较好的催化活性和较高的热稳定性,其催化二甲苯燃烧的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度分别为200 ℃和335 ℃.XRD和SEM-EDS分析结果得出,催化剂的活性相为类尖晶石Cu1.4Mn1.6O4和Mn2O3;经800 ℃热处理3 h后,锰离子富集于催化剂表面,这可能是CuMnOx催化剂具有良好热稳定性的主要因素之一.     

生物相容性纳米羟基磷灰石的制备与表征

以Ca（NO3）2·4H2 O和P2 O5为前驱体,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用Sol-Gel法制备 HAP纳米材料．通过扫描电镜对 HAP样品的颗粒形貌和粒度尺寸进行表征,并用X衍射分析仪对 HAP样品进行物相分析．对比研究了水浴温度、陈化时间和焙烧温度等因素对 HAP纳米材料性能的影响．得出制备纳米羟基磷灰石材料的最佳工艺条件：水浴温度40℃,陈化时间70 h ,焙烧温度800℃．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-