Cl~-对690合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、动电位电化学阻抗谱和电容测量等方法研究了690合金在一回路模拟溶液中的电化学行为.极化曲线结果表明:690合金在两种溶液中都存在较窄的钝化区间,在0.5V出现二次钝化现象.电化学阻抗表明,690合金在不含Cl-溶液中的阻抗模值较大,而随Cl-的加入阻抗模值变小.动电位电化学阻抗谱表明,随扫描电位正移,钝化膜在两种溶液中具有相似的变化趋势,动电位电化学阻抗谱与动电位极化曲线完全对应.690合金在0.2V下形成的钝化膜的Mott-Schottky曲线测量表明,溶液中Cl-使得钝化膜中的施主和受主密度增大.     

Passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions

The passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions was investigated using potentiodynamic, dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS), and Mott-Schottky measurements. The results show that the shape of polarization curves changes with HCO₃⁻ concentration. The critical ‘passive’ concentration is 0.009 mol/L HCO₃⁻ for X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions. No anodic current peak exists in HCO^3/− solutions when the concentration is lower than 0.009 mol/L, whereas there are one and two anodic current peaks when the HCO^3/− concentration ranges from 0.009 to 0.05 mol/L and is higher than 0.1 mol/L, respectively. DEIS measurements show that there exist active dissolution range, transition range, pre-passive range, passive layer formation range, passive range, and trans-passive range for X80 pipeline steel in the 0.1 mol/L HCO₃⁻ solutions. The results of DEIS measurements are in complete agreement with the potentiodynamic diagram. An equivalent circuit containing three sub-layers is used to explain the Nyquist plots in the passive range. Analyses are well made for explaining the corresponding fitted capacitance and impedance. The Mott-Schottky plots show that the passive film of X80 pipeline steel is an n-type semiconductor, and capacitance measurements are in good accordance with the results of DEIS experiment.     

Cl-对N80油套管钢钝化膜半导体性能的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱技术研究了N80油套管钢在0．05mol／L NaHCO3溶液中所成钝化膜的电化学性能，借助于莫特-肖特基曲线分析了成膜电位、测试频率以及Cl^-浓度对钝化膜半导体性能的影响．结果表明：钝化膜呈n型半导体特征；随着成膜电位的增加，膜的容抗和施主密度减小；随着Cl^-浓度的增加，膜的容抗和施主密度增加，膜的点蚀现象加剧．X射线光电子光谱（XPS）分析结果表明，钝化膜主要由Fe的氧化物Fe2O3和FeO组成．     

温度、氯离子和铬元素对J55油套管钢钝化膜半导体性能的影响

利用电容测量法及电化学阻抗谱技术研究了温度、氯离子浓度和铬元素对目前广泛使用的J55油套管钢在模拟土壤环境中所成钝化膜半导体性能的影响.结果表明:钝化膜呈现n型半导体特性,随着成膜温度的升高、铬元素的加入和氯离子浓度的增加,Mott-Schottky曲线直线部分的斜率减小,表明膜内杂质密度增加.阻抗谱结果表明:在同一温度下,离子在膜内的传递电阻R1随着氯离子浓度增加而减小,膜内的扩散系数YW增加;同一氯离子浓度下,随着成膜温度的升高,扩散系数YW减小.表明温度升高、溶液中氯离子浓度的增加以及铬元素的加入会使钝化膜对J55油套管钢基体的保护作用减弱.     

碳纳米管/纳米TiO2-聚苯胺复合膜电极的电化学制备及表征

在含有0.2 mol/L苯胺的0.5 mol/L　H₂SO₄溶液中， 采用循环伏安法(CV)， 以扫描速度50 mV/s, 扫描电位-0.1~0.9 V，在碳纳米管/纳米TiO₂(CNT/nanoTiO₂)膜电极上实现了苯胺的电化学聚合， 用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和CV法对制备的碳纳米管/纳米TiO₂聚苯胺(CNT/nanoTiO₂ PAn)复合膜电极的电化学性质进行了表征， 从扫描电镜对膜层的微观形貌观察发现， 这种在纳米基体上聚合得到的聚苯胺膜层呈疏松、 多孔的纳米纤维网状结构， 同时具有良好的导电性， 不同于在普通金属基体上聚合得到的颗粒状聚苯胺膜.     

Effects of the surface-adsorption of boron-doped diamond electrode on its electrochemical behavior

As a kind of new functional material, diamond has unique physical and chemical properties[1 - 3]. Its chemical stability is perfect because it hardly reacts with acids and alkalis. Researchers tried to apply dia- mond as electrochemical electrode to waste…     

镍基合金和铬在高温下的腐蚀电化学特征

利用动电位极化和电化学阻抗(EIS)方法,分别研究了纯铬以及镍基合金UNS N08028在140℃和160℃两种温度下高含H2S/CO2环境所成钝化膜的电化学行为.结果表明:两种成膜条件下028合金钝化膜的耐蚀性优于纯铬.EIS表明电化学阻抗谱均有明显的容抗弧特征,028合金显示单一的容抗弧,纯铬在低频区显示扩散阻抗控制.     

T122铁素体耐热钢析出相热力学模拟计算

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对T122铁素体耐热钢钒含量变化对平衡析出相及A3、A4点的影响进行了研究.结果表明,T122钢的主要平衡析出相为M23C6、MX和Laves相.当钒质量分数在0.15%以下时,将析出极少量的Z相,且其随着钒含量的增加析出量呈直线下降;当钒质量分数在0.28%以上时,将析出两种不同的MX相,随着钒含量的增加MN相的比例下降,而M(C,N)相的比例增加.钒含量的变化对M23C6和Laves相的影响甚小.钒作为封闭奥氏体元素,增加钒含量,铁素体与奥氏体的转变区域将变小.     

Study on pitting process of 316L stainless steel by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution was investigated by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SPEIS). The investigation focused on the transition of stainless steel from the passive state to pitting corrosion. Based on the evolution of electrical parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit, it is suggested that the most probable mechanism of pit creation is the film breaking model. The result demonstrates that staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is an effective method for the investigation of pitting corrosion.     

乙醇脱氢酶在聚苯胺-聚丙烯酸修饰电极上的固定及表征

采用循环伏安法在铂电极上于0．5mol／L苯胺-2．5mol／LHCI-15％（质量分数）聚丙烯酸的水溶液中制备聚丙烯酸掺杂的聚苯胺膜；并在0．25mol／L磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液（pH=7）中测试掺杂后的聚苯胺膜的电化学性能，聚苯胺-聚丙烯酸（PAn-PAA）复合膜修饰电极在电位为-0．2～0．4V时出现1对稳定的氧化还原峰，与PAn修饰电极相比，它在此中性缓冲溶液中具有更好的导电性和电化学活性，可用作固定酶的载体和酶催化反应的电子传递媒介。实验中采用两步法将乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）固定至PAn-PAA复合膜中，用循环伏安（CV）、交流阻抗（EIS）和扫描电镜（SEM）等方法对固定乙醇脱氢酶前后膜的性能进行表征。结果表明ADH已固定至复合膜中。     

镍基合金UNS N08028钝化膜的耐蚀性研究

采用高温高压腐蚀试验方法使镍基合金028在100 ℃、130℃和150℃条件下形成钝化膜,利用阳极极化曲线和电容测量法(Mott-Schottky曲线),研究镍基合金钝化膜在不同温度同时含CO2和Cl-的腐蚀介质中的电化学行为和半导体性质.结果表明:在130℃条件下形成的钝化膜对基体的保护作用较强;在3个条件下形成的钝...     

Electrochemical behavior of aluminum foil in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids electrolytes

Aluminum (Al) foil is widely used as a current collector in lithium ion batteries, EDLCs and other electrochemical devices, and its electrochemical behavior in electrolytes has great effect on the cycle performances and safety of the electrochemical devices. In this work, corrosion behavior of Al foil in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids and its electrolytes containing LiTFSI as salt were studied using cyclic voltammogram method. It was found that a passive film was firmly formed on the surface of Al foil after the anodic polarization in BMI-BF_4 compared to those in EMI-BF_4 and PMI-BF_4. In addition, anodic polarization research showed that the passive film on Al surface in BMI-TFSI did not well exist. A good passive film formed on the surface of Al foil in BMI-BF_4 was not broken down until the potential was up to 94.58 V. Moreover, EDX and XPS analysis showed that F and O exist on the Al surface after the anodic polarization in BMI-BF_4, which ind-cated that a passive film like AlF3 and Al2O3 may be formed on its surface.     

Insight into the covalent grafting of organic films onto carbon steel surfaces for protection

The novel use of p-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salt(GG salt)as a protectant that is electrochemically grafted onto carbon steel has been investigated in0.05 mol L-1H2SO4and 5 wt%NaCl solutions using various corrosion monitoring techniques,such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarisation,infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy measurements.The electrochemical study reveals that this compound is a mixed inhibitor that predominantly controls the cathodic reaction.The surface-grafted film decreases the double-layer capacitance and obviously increases the charge transfer resistance relative to a bare carbon electrode.The values of inhibition effect remain nearly unchanged with an increase in temperature range of 298–318 K.The aryl diazonium is covalently bonded on the steel surface,causing a slight decrease in the apparent activation energy.Overall,the surface-grafted films exhibit excellent inhibition performance in acid and saline solutions within the studied temperature range.     

新型可焊6005A铝合金的腐蚀行为

采用电化学交流阻抗谱,极化曲线以及浸泡腐蚀实验研究了Cu含量变化对高速列车用6005A铝合金电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:在商用6005A铝合金基体中添加适量的Cu元素,可有效提高氧化膜的致密性.当添加Cu质量分数为0.4%时,轧制态6005A铝合金电化学交流阻抗图谱中腐蚀反应电阻Rct值较大,双电层电容Q2值较小,极化曲线出现了较宽电位范围的阳极钝化区.但合金自腐蚀电流小幅增加,显示合金局部耐蚀性下降.在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中进行的浸泡实验显示,随着浸泡时间的延长,自制6005A铝合金依次发生点蚀、晶间腐蚀和剥蚀.合金表面氧化膜致密性是影响材料抗腐蚀能力的主要因素.     

微合金钢初始凝固中奥氏体开始长大的温度

通过共聚焦激光显微镜对P510L钢的初始凝固过程进行了原位动态观察以考察δ相生成、包晶反应以及γ相的形成过程,并探索奥氏体开始长大温度.研究结果表明:1)冷却速度为25℃/s时P510L钢的冷却模式为首先从液相中析出δ铁素体,然后在液相与δ铁素体相之间发生包晶反应(L+δ→γ),进入三相共存区,液相消失后剩余的δ相通过固态扩散转变为γ相;2)在初始凝固过程中,奥氏体先进行一部分吞并、长大,然后才实现过剩δ铁素体向奥氏体的同素异构转变,最后实现完全奥氏体化;3)通过原位动态观察,探索了一种较为准确的确定原始奥氏体开始长大温度的实验方法,提高了奥氏体晶粒预测模型的准确性.     

低碳微合金钢在过冷奥氏体亚稳定区的转变

通过对低碳Mo-Cu-Nb-B系微合金钢进行连续冷却和等温实验,发现低碳Mo-Cu-Nb-B系微合金钢在过冷奥氏体亚稳定区等温,能发生针状铁素体转变.非再结晶区变形奥氏体连续冷却时虽然能得到各类低碳贝氏体组织,但各类组织特别是针状铁素体的份额却不能有效控制.通过分阶段冷却,可以控制得到针状铁素体和板条贝氏复相组织.利用针状组织分割原奥氏体晶粒能细化组织,达到优化高强度低碳微合金钢的力学性能目的.     

SO2-4对含Cl-溶液中316 L奥氏体不锈钢钝化行为及点蚀行为的影响

利用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、恒电位极化以及恒电流极化等电化学测试手段,并结合扫描电镜进行点蚀形态观察,探究了含Cl-溶液中SO2-4浓度对316L奥氏体不锈钢的钝化行为及点蚀行为的影响.结果表明,含Cl-溶液中SO2-4的加入能够使316L不锈钢钝化区变宽,使点蚀电位变正,维钝电流密度降低,进而提高316L的耐点蚀能力.但是在点蚀发生后,随着SO2-4浓度的升高,点蚀内部和边缘形态表现出更为复杂的趋势,蚀坑的周长面积比明显增大.     

Q235碳素钢超细铁素体在奥氏体内的形核

利用扫描电镜观察了Q235碳素钢形变强化相变过程中超细铁素体在奥氏体内部的形核;使用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术分析了析出的铁素体取向.结果表明,随内、外界条件不同,奥氏体内有两类典型的铁素体形核地点:形变带及奥氏体晶界附近的形变不均匀区.原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增加,形变温度的降低有利于铁素体的形变带形核.在的超细铁素体最佳形成温度区间,靠近形变可使铁素体及第2组织均匀分布.形变带形核造成带状分布的铁素体及第2相,不仅形貌上出现方向性,铁素体取向也出现择优.     

钝化预处理对316L不锈钢在漂液中电化学腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学测试、SEM分析等方法,研究了316 L不锈钢在质量分数为30%的浓硝酸溶液及98%硫酸+20 g/L硝酸钾混合液两种钝化剂预处理后的特性,以及在ClO2漂液中的电化学抗腐蚀性能。结果表明,316 L不锈钢在25℃、30%硝酸介质中处理30 min时抗点蚀能力ΔE可达到773 mV,钝化效果较好。EIS图谱表明:316 L不锈钢在ClO2漂液中具有双容抗弧特征,钝化处理容抗弧半径较未钝化的增大,处理后的316 L不锈钢在60℃出现了Warburg阻抗;钝化膜的外层电阻和内层电阻均比未钝化的大。经钝化处理后的316 L不锈钢在ClO2漂液中的受腐蚀速率较未钝化的降低近一半,与钛材相比耐蚀性较差,但能在一定条件下起到减缓腐蚀的作用。     

加工硬化奥氏体→先共析铁素体相变动力学及机制

试验研究了Ｃ－Ｍｎ钢加工硬化奥氏体→先共析铁素体等温转变规律，结果发现，加工硬化使相变孕育期缩短的主要原因在于铁素体在奥低体晶界处成核能力的提高，ｌｎｌｎ（１／１－ＸＦ）与ｌｎｔ之间的关系为二段直线，本文对形核自由能变化和显微组织演变进行了分析，并给出了合理的解释。