沁水盆地山西组煤岩的生气热模拟实验研究

热模拟实验是研究烃源岩有机质成烃演化的重要手段。为了客观了解沁水盆地高演化煤系烃源岩的生烃特征和生气性能,采用封闭高压釜体系对沁水盆地山西组煤岩样品进行了生气热模拟实验。结果表明:沁水盆地山西组煤岩样品可以生成大量的气态烃(其产率高达226m3/t),是良好的气源岩;随着热模拟温度的增加,气态烃产率增大,气态烃产率表现出"两急两缓"的增加模式,高演化阶段以产甲烷为主,主生气期为热模拟温度450~600℃(Ro=1.2%~2.7%);温度影响煤岩热解气组分碳同位素值的变化,总体上甲烷、乙烷、丙烷的碳同位素值随热模拟温度升高有逐渐变重的趋势,并且相同热模拟温度时具有δ13C1δ13C2δ13C3的特征,符合气态烃碳同位素正序系列。     

The model of hydrocarbon generation and evolution for coal and macerals in the Tuha Basin

By means of Py-GC,¹³c NMR and fluorescent analysis, the properties of hydrocarbon generation of rnacerals are determined, and the evolution model of hydrocarbon generation is established for macerals and coal of the Tuha Basin. There are two stages of oil generation for the coal of the Tuha Basin, whoseR° values are 0.40 %–0.80 % and 0.90 %–1.20 % respectively.     

柴达木盆地西部第三系烃源岩生烃动力学研究

对柴达木盆地西部第三系烃源岩进行了生烃动力学模拟实验,使用氯仿对产物抽提,结果表明抽提物的生成量不符合经典的生烃动力学规律,无法采用动力学方程模型进行分析,这可能是由于模拟实验中产生了有机酸盐的缘故.柴西烃源岩模拟实验中抽提物的生成可以概括为有机母质一有机酸盐一抽提物和有机母质一抽提物两条途径.     

Division of coalbed methane-enriched units in the Qinshui Basin

Division of CBM (coalbed methane)-enriched units is an important precondition and basic work for formulation of scientific CBM exploration procedure and improvement of CBM exploration success rate. In consideration of the CBM particularity and complexity as well as its distribution in China, the CBM-enriched units are divided into 5 levels, i.e. CBM-bearing region, CBM-bearing basin, CBM-enriched area, CBM-enriched zone, and CBM reservoir (field). The Qinshui Basin is one of the China's richest CBM basins with higher exploration degree. However, division and study of CBM-enriched units are relatively weak for the basin. Based on geological conditions of CBM reservoirs formation and current distribution of CBM reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, this paper divides the basin into 5 CBM-enriched areas, that is, the South Qinshui, Eastern Slope, Western Slope, Xishan, and Gaoping-Jincheng CBM-enriched areas. Of those 5 areas, the South Qinshui is most favorable for CBM exploration.     

沁水盆地山西组致密气成藏条件分析

为了评价沁水盆地山西组的致密气勘探潜力,应用地球化学、流体包裹体、稀有气体和生排烃概念模型等实验技术方法,综合分析了山西组致密气的成藏地质条件。研究结果表明,山西组泥岩和煤岩的总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)较大,有机质为Ⅲ型干酪根且达到高-过成熟阶段,以生气为主。泥岩和煤岩的生气潜力巨大,生气量分别达到11.44×10~(12)、39.33×10~(12) m~3,山西组致密气资源量为0.14×10~(12) m~3。稀有气体Ar同位素比值表明泥岩是致密气的主力气源岩,其生成的天然气对致密气的贡献率为70.1%,煤岩的贡献率为29.9%。根据盆地的埋藏-热演化史和流体包裹体的均一温度测试结果,确定山西组致密气存在2个成藏期,对应的成藏时间分别为中-晚三叠世和晚侏罗世-早白垩世。此次研究定量评价了沁水盆地山西组致密气的成藏条件,可为该区致密气的勘探提供有利方向。     

焉耆盆地烃源岩有机显微组分及生烃机理研究

目的研究焉耆盆地煤系烃源岩有机显微组分组成特点及其生烃机理。方法运用有机岩石学研究方法,分析盆地侏罗系烃源岩显微组分及其与生烃潜力的关系,探讨烃源岩显微组分中主要生烃贡献者。结果盆地煤岩中显微组分表现出富镜质组-惰性组、贫壳质组 腐泥组的特点;泥岩的显微组成表现出贫惰性组、富镜质组-壳质组 腐泥组的特点,富氢的显微组分是成烃的物质基础。结论盆地的主要生烃组分为基质镜质体B、角质体、小孢子体和矿物沥青基质。     

沁水盆地南部地区石炭—二叠系古构造恢复及对煤层气的控制作用

根据沁水盆地南部地区的127口煤层气井的测井、录井及产能数据资料,完成了对沁水盆地南部地区石炭系-二叠系古构造的恢复及控气作用的研究。研究选取了声波时差法和镜质体反射率法恢复了沁南研究区二叠系顶面剥蚀量,其结果表明燕山早期、燕山晚期及喜山中期地层剥蚀量整体北部大,南部小;且剥蚀量具有逐渐向四周扩散的趋势。恢复了太原组及山西组顶面在燕山早期、燕山晚期及喜山中期的古构造,三个时期的太原组及山西组顶面古构造特征较为类似,整体呈现南低北高特征。在此基础上,将研究区划分为坳陷区、斜坡区和隆起区。从古构造角度来看,研究区相对隆起区和斜坡区是天然气聚集成藏的有利区,而深坳区则不利于煤层气的聚集。     

沁水盆地南部3号煤层含气量主控地质因素分析

以沁水盆地南部四个矿区不同深度的3号煤岩样品为研究对象,采用压汞、低温液氮吸附、显微镜和扫描电镜等试验方法对煤样的孔径、裂缝和孔隙连通性、渗透性以及吸附性进行表征,结合研究区的构造特征、储层特征以及水动力特征,研究该地区3号煤层含气量的主控地质因素。研究区处于一个大型复式向斜构造上,3号煤层煤样总比表面积和总比孔容积与煤层埋深呈负向关系。煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,镜质组含量较高,生气能力较强,顶底板密封性较好。盆地接受大气降水,从向斜翼部流向轴部,有效阻止了煤层气的逸散。研究结果表明,该区3号煤层含气量主控地质因素包括:煤岩类型、孔裂隙结构、水动力特征以及顶底板封闭性,煤层气的富集是上述几项地质因素耦合作用的结果。     

沁水盆地南部煤储层压裂缝几何特征预测

以煤储层压裂改造基本理论为基础,对石油系统相关压裂参数的计算模型进行修正,建立起适合本地区储层的水力压裂计算模型;通过分析沁水盆地南部煤层气井压裂工艺、压裂工艺参数及煤储层力学特征,建立了裂缝几何尺寸计算的数学模型,并编制了相关计算程序;应用建立的数学模型,代入沁水盆地樊庄、郑庄区块压裂井的压裂施工参数,进行了压裂缝几何尺寸计算,结合压裂施工工艺与气、水产能进行了施工适用性评价,优化了压裂工艺参数。     

海相碳酸盐岩和泥岩生烃动力学特征对比分析

选取三塘湖灰岩和下马岭页岩分别代表海相泥岩和海相碳酸盐岩开展开放体系下的生烃动力学实验,动力学模拟结果表明三塘湖灰岩成油、成气活化能基本为单一活化能分布,下马岭页岩活化能呈现多活化能分布的特点。将两样品的动力学参数结合塔里木盆地满东1井区埋藏史-热史进行地质应用,结果表明海相碳酸盐岩的生油门限（2000m）较海相泥岩的生烃门限（3000m）浅,但在5000m以前,海相泥岩的生油速率较慢;而海相碳酸盐岩的生气门限比海相泥岩的生气门限大,在6000m左右二者都达到生气高峰,但碳酸盐岩的成气转化率增加速率比较大。     

Sedimentary conditions for good coal reservoir development in the Carboniferous and Permian,Qinshui Basin

In the Carboniferous and Permian of the Qin-shui Basin, coal reservoirs are well developed. But different coal reservoirs are obviously different in distribution, thickness and reservoir performance, etc. This paper studies the factors controlling the development and distribution of good coal reservoirs from the viewpoint of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. The study shows that good coal reservoirs are mainly formed in marsh environments on tidal flats and delta plains. The coal reservoirs formed on tidal flats are more continuous laterally than those on delta plains. The fluctuation of sea level shows important control over the vertical and lateral distribution of coal reservoirs. Generally speaking, the coal reservoirs formed in the highstand system tracts are more abundant, thicker and more widespread, and thus the highstand system tracts are more favorable to the formation of good coal reservoirs. The coal reservoirs formed in the transgressive system tracts are lower in abundance, thinner and much less widespread, and thus the transgressive system tracts are not favorable to the formation of good coal reservoirs.     

Analysis of pore system model and physical property of coal reservoir in the Qinshui Basin

The Qinshui Basin in China is a major area for exploration and development of high rank coalbed methane. Due to the high rank coal and complicated pore system, no substantial breakthrough in the exploration and development of coalbed methane has been made until now. Many systematic tests show that a pore system of coal reservoir has some features as follows: the porosity is relatively low; the pore system is dominated by micropores and transition pores; mesopores take the second place, and macropores are nearly absent, which is exceedingly adverse for production of coal-bed methane. However, testing data also revealed the differential development for the pore of high rank coal reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, which necessarily led to the different physical properties of desorption, diffusion and permeability. This paper classifies the testing data using cluster analysis method and selects the typical samples to establish four pore system models, analyzes the differences of reservoir physical property, and provides a guidance for the exploration and development of coalbed methane in the Qinshui Basin.     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

Experimental study and evaluation on hydrocarbon generation of macerals

Some typical coal and maceral samples are selected for oil and gas-generating systematic thermal simulation experiments, Rock-Eval, GC and GC-MS analyses. Results cause productivity curves of extracts and gaseous, light, liquid as well as total hydrocarbon. Effects of macerals and maturation on hydrocarbon productivities and compositions are synthetically discussed. Evaluation indexes and plan on coal-generated oil and gas in bituminous coal rank are suggested according to the data from experiments and analyses.     

矿物中的微量元素对有机质产气的影响

为了深入研究矿物催化作用对有机质产气的影响,采用开放体系下的热模拟实验,在不同温度下对4个样品分别进行了全岩和干酪根生气对比研究.样品中10种微量元素的测定对比结果表明,微量元素中只有钡元素含量与产气率之间具有良好的相关关系(相关系数达到0.91),对有机质生气具有催化作用.无机矿物中微量元素对有机质的产气量和生气高峰有明显的影响,一般来说,无机矿物的存在可以使有机质生气高峰期提前.     

Kinetic study of the hydrocarbon generation from marine carbonate source rocks characterization of products of gas and liquid hydrocarbon

The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from the marine carbonate source rocks were determined and calibrated through kinetic simulating experiment. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation then were extrapolated to geological condition by using the relative software. The result shows that gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1, C_2, C_3, C_(4-5)) were generated in condition of 150℃相似文献   

沁水盆地东部构造演化特征及构造物理模拟

沁水盆地东部煤层气勘探潜力巨大,构造演化特征相对独特。依据野外地质踏勘资料,对沁水盆地东部的构造特征进行系统研究。利用平衡剖面回剥方法,定量分析典型剖面的运动学参数。在研究区构造几何学、运动学特征分析基础上,基于构造物理模拟实验,再现了沁水盆地东部的构造演化过程,从而对研究区构造演化取得了新的认识。研究表明,沁水盆地东部依次经历了弱挤压-强挤压-弱伸展-强伸展的演化过程,可将其构造演化划分为板块拼合盖层沉积(J_1前)、陆内强烈挤压变形(J_2～J_3)、微弱伸展活化(K-E)和陆内伸展裂谷(N-Q)4个阶段。此构造演化对沁水盆地东部煤层气的聚集与勘探开发具有重要影响,其动力来源主要受控于区域构造应力场的重大转变。早侏罗世以前,板块碰撞拼合及印支运动的辐射将沁水盆地东部置于NNW-SSE向挤压应力场;中-晚侏罗世,研究区开始出现重要构造分异与转折,整体转向NW-SE向强挤压应力场,逆冲断裂雏形在此阶段形成;白垩纪-古近纪,区域应力场由NW-SE向挤压应力场转变为NW-SE向伸展应力场,研究区构造体制发生重大转折;21世纪以来,研究区进入陆内伸展改造,构造格局至此基本定型。     

沁水盆地煤系天然气系统富集成藏的主控因素分析

沁水盆地是我国最大的构造聚煤盆地,也是国内首个实现煤系天然气商业化开采的区块。盆地内石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、吸附能力强、含气量大,目前产能已超过20×108m3,具有良好的勘探开发潜力。以煤田、煤系天然气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主控因素,分析认为构造演化、埋藏史和热演化、沉积体系和水文地质条件是控制沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主要地质因素。沁水盆地两期生气都是在构造运动的影响下发生,煤系赋存状态为印支、燕山和喜山期构造运动叠加的结果,断裂及陷落柱发育区含气量低;区内煤层埋深呈现北部深南部浅,中部深东西部浅的特点,南部热演化程度高,煤系天然气含量大;沉积体系影响煤层的空间展布;水文地质条件关系着煤系天然气的形成和保存,弱水动力区为煤系天然气的有利区。     

Triple Medium Physical Model of Post Fracturing High-Rank Coal Reservoir in Southern Qinshui Basin

In this paper, influences on the reservoir permeability, the reservoir architecture and the fluid flow pattern caused by hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. Based on the structure and production fluid f...     

不同温度下的加氢作用对烃源岩生烃的影响

陕西黄龙地区富有机质泥岩在封闭体系下加氢前后的热模拟实验显示,加氢作用会对烃源岩饱和烃、芳烃的生成产生显著影响,作用阶段分别为200℃～400℃及400℃～500℃区间。在相对低温下,加氢作用会抑制饱和烃尤其是低碳数饱和烃的生成,而在高温下则会促进其生成。通过对加氢前后烃源岩演化各温度阶段烃类产物的对比研究,分析了加氢作用对烃源岩热演化的具体影响。有助于更精细地了解烃源岩演化过程和烃源岩在外界条件改变后的变化情况,为油气远景勘探和精细评价提供思路。