Correlative ionospheric disturbances in the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000

Using GPS data obtained from GPS sites located on the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000, the ionospheric response to the flare was analyzed. A kind of tiny correlative ionospheric fluctuations were revealed from the temporal total electron content (TEC) curves derived from GPS measurements, and the values of this kind of disturbances are about 1015 m-2. A comparative analysis of these disturbances and soft X-ray flux detected at GOES satellite during the flare is done. It is found that this kind of disturbances revealed in the temporal TEC curves did occur in a very large area of sunlit ionosphere and its behavior is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the flare's extra radiation. Because the similar fluctuations are not found in the curve of soft X-ray flux, it is concluded that the flare extra radiation in EUV band should have corresponding fluctuations and it is the fluctuations that cause the TEC disturbances. The height, where the disturbances occur, should be in the F region.     

利用GPS方法对1998-11-22太阳耀斑引起的电离层TEC变化的观测研究

利用GPS伪距+载波相位联合数据处理方法具体分析了1998-11-22耀斑爆发期间北京、上海、武汉、西安GPS观测数据得到的电离层TEC。此次耀斑爆发引起了设在北京的高频多普勒长达15min左右的无线电短波中断。通过对GPS得到的电离层TEC进行分析发现： 此次耀斑造成了大面积的电离层TEC的增加,耀斑爆发引起的最大TEC增幅在1.25个TEC单位左右;利用高精度的GPS数据处理方法可研究耀斑引起的电离层扰动。另外,还分析了由GPS计算的TEC的时空变化特点。     

Sunlit boundary ionospheric response to the great flare on Oct. 28, 2003

The sudden increase in X-ray and EUV flux duringthe outburst of a large flare greatly elevate the electrondensity of the ionosphere, causing sudden ionosphericdisturbances (SIDs), such as sudden wave fadeout (SFD),sudden phase anomaly (SPA), sudden frequency deviation(SFD) and sudden increase in total electron content(SITEC)[1—4]. Two review articles addressed SIDs in detailrecently[5,6]. Due to the limitation of observing methods,the global ionospheric morphology during solar flares…     

Model analysis method (MAM) on the effect of the second-order ionospheric delay on GPS positioning solution

In this paper,we develop an approach to study the effect of second-order ionospheric delay on GPS positioning based on the ionosphere-free combination (abbreviated to Lc) of GPS dual-frequency carrier phase observables,in which the first-order ionospheric delay has been eliminated.GPS data from IGS WUHN tracking station during April 9 23,2003 is used to perform the above approach,and results show that the second-order ionospheric delay in GPS so-called ionosphere-free observables will result in the regular ...     

The diurnal variations, semiannual and winter anomalies of the ionospheric TEC based on GPS data in China

With the spherical harmonic (SH) function model and the dual frequency GPS P code phase data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) during the period from year 2000 to 2002, time series of total electron content (TEC) in the area of China is calculated. The diurnal variations, semiannual, and winter anomalies of the ionosphere in the area of China are analyzed and discussed, especially according to the results of year 2001.     

A generalized trigonometric series function model for determining ionospheric delay

A generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, with an adjustable number of parameters, is proposed and analyzed to study ionosphere by using GPS, especially to provide ionospheric delay correction for single frequency GPS users. The preliminary results show that, in comparison with the trigonometric series function (TSF) model and the polynomial (POLY) model, the GTSF model can more precisely describe the ionospheric variation and more efficiently provide the ionospheric correction when GPS data are used to investigate or extract the earth's ionospheric total electron content. It is also shown that the GTSF model can further improve the precision and accuracy of modeling local ionospheric delays.     

我国中低纬地区GPS定位中的电离层二阶项延迟影响分析与研究

基于消除电离层一阶项延迟的双频载波相位Lc线性组合观测量,利用中国地壳运动观测网络以及国际IGS（International GNSS Service）提供的6个跟踪站连续15天的观测数据,初步分析和研究了电离层二阶项延迟对我国中低纬地区全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）定位结果的影响.研究结果表明,在电离层二阶项延迟影响下,我国中低纬地区GPS定位结果呈普遍规律性南移的现象,且各地区南偏趋势差异甚微.     

Preliminary results and analyses of using IGS GPS data to determine global ionospheric TEC

Using the spherical harmonic (SH) function model and the dual frequency GPS data of 139 International GPS Service (IGS) stations for July 15 of 2000, the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is calculated and the basic method is investigated. Here, preliminary results are reported and the problems and difficulties to be solved for using GPS data to determine the global ionospheric TEC are discussed.     

Ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) for determining the ionospheric delay using GPS data

By establishing the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and its ionospheric influence factor (IFF) λ, and combining λ, λ with t of IPP, a new method of modeling high-precision ionospheric delay using GPS data-ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM)-is presented in this paper. The IEFM can effectively select the proper ionospheric models to model the total electron content (TEC) with different changes corresponding to annual, seasonal and diurnal variations. Initial experimental results show that the correction precision of ionospheric delay modeled by the IEFM seems to be close to that of using L3 GPS observations to directly correct the corresponding ionospheric delay.     

利用GPS双频观测值实现PPP电离层延迟高阶项改正

给出了利用双频观测值计算L3组合电离层延迟高阶项改正的方法,并与全球电离层延迟文件的改正效果进行对比.利用赤道附近的15个国际全球卫星导航定位系统服务组织(IGS)站的数据进行比较,结果表明:2种方法计算的电离层二阶项延迟互差最大不超过1 cm,三阶项延迟互差最大不超过5 mm;电离层高阶项改正后的观测值精密单点定位(PPP)解算结果N、E、U方向互差平均值分别为0.4、0.5、1.0mm,因此2种改正方法效果在同一水平.     

利用NOAA数据分析地震前总电子含量异常

利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）发布的电离层总电子含量（TEC）数据,采用从点到面的分析方法,分析了墨西哥2012年3月20日和4月12日两次地震前的TEC数据,发现两次地震前均出现TEC异常,具体表现为：以点计算的震中TEC波形图显示3月20日震前的3月7日、3月15日和3月18日出现TEC异常,4月12日震前的4月4日和4月11日出现TEC异常;以面计算的TEC分布显示震中周边区域在震前出现异于其他地区的TEC增大或减少.     

基于数字测高仪和 GPS 观测的三亚地区电离层-等离子体层总电子含量特征分析

基于2012年海南三亚台站(18.34°N,109.62°E)的数字测高仪和GPS观测资料,分别研究了数字测高仪和GPS反演得到的总电子含量、等离子体层总电子含量(PTEC)的变化特征.结果显示:GPS观测得到的总电子含量(GTEC)与数字测高仪观测得到的总电子含量(ITEC)的变化特征一致,PTEC和PTEC占GTEC的百分比变化具有明显的日变化特征.PTEC数值在3~22 TECU(1 TECU=10~(16)el/m~2)范围内变化,PTEC的极大值大约出现在地方时日落时分,PTEC极小值大约出现在地方时日出时分,PTEC占GTEC百分比在夜间一般能达到40%左右,甚至能达到80%,白天一般在20%以下.     

重差分相液膜技术提取六价铬的研究

采用重差分相液膜分离技术提取Cr6 ,以三正辛胺为载体,煤油为膜溶剂,NaOH溶液为反萃剂,考察了料液酸度、表面活性剂浓度、反萃液碱度等条件对六价铬的提取率与反萃率的影响,提取过程不需要制乳和破乳,工艺过程比较简单.     

杂交酸模K-1的耐盐性研究

对杂交酸模K-1干种子、种子萌发、苗期叶片及叶簇期叶片的耐盐性进行研究,通过测定在不同Na2SO4、NaCl和Na2CO3盐浓度胁迫下其膜透性、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛及发芽率等生理指标,对其耐盐性作出了综合评价.研究结果表明,杂交酸模K-1对Na2SO4的耐盐性为0.8%～1.0%,对NaCl的耐盐性为0.47%～0.58%,对Na2CO3的耐盐性为0.3%～0.4%,高于此浓度就会表现出Na2SO4、NaCl和Na2CO3盐胁迫的症状.     

SF6在闪电过程中离解的模拟研究

采用火花放电的方法模拟研究了大气对流层中闪电过程消除SF6的可能性．以气相色谱、红外光谱为主要分析手段,研究了闪电过程中SF6的分解反应机理及对该反应的影响因素．结果表明,SF6在闪电过程中,被分解并生成多种含硫、氟、氧的化合物．大气压强、H2O等对SF6的放电反应有影响．基于实验结果,对SF6在闪电过程中的反应途径作了探讨,并估算了实际大气中由闪电所引起的SF6的分解量．     

Analysis of EET on Ca increasing the melting point of Mg17Al12 phase

The present investigation showed that the additions of Ca to the alloy AZ91 were mainly dissolved into the Mg17Al12 phase and increased its melting point and thermal stability, which would have great effects on the high- temperature properties of AZ91 alloy. The empirical electron theory (EET) of solid and molecules was used to calculate the valence electron structures (VES) of Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound with and without Ca addition. The results showed that Ca dissolving in Mg17Al12 phase increased the strength of bonds that control the thermal stability of Mg17Al12 phase. Additions of Ca also made the distribution of the valence electrons on the dominant bond network more uniform in the whole unit cell of Mg17Al12. The theoretical conclusions well account for the experimental results.     

丙烯酸与尼龙-6接枝共聚反应的研究

本文用乙酰丙酮锰（Ｍｎ（ａｃａｃ）３）为引发剂,丙烯酸为单体、对尼龙－６短纤维进行化学接枝共聚反应．结果表明、纤维的接枝率随单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度不同而异、接枝后的纤维、其吸湿性、抗静电性都有所提高     

刺玫果提取物胶囊定性定量研究

建立刺玫果提取物胶囊的定性鉴别和含量测定方法.采用薄层色谱法对刺玫果提取物胶囊进行了定性分析;采用紫外-可见分光光度法,建立了刺玫果提取物胶囊总黄酮的含量测定方法;采用高效液相色谱法,建立了刺玫果提取物胶囊中金丝桃苷的含量测定方法.结果表明建立的薄层色谱鉴别方法,荧光斑点清晰,阴性无干扰;芦丁在4.0~48.0μg/mL(r=0.9996),金丝桃苷在0.192~1.152μg(r=0.9999)线性关系良好;芦丁平均回收率100.05%,RSD为1.40%(n=6);金丝桃苷平均回收率99.39%,RSD为0.66%(n=6).建立的薄层鉴别方法专属性高,含量测定方法具有良好的精密度,结果准确可靠,可用于刺玫果提取物胶囊的质量控制.     

东北铁线莲总多酚的超声提取工艺研究

探索超声波辅助提取东北铁线莲总多酚的最佳工艺条件。以东北铁线莲总多酚的提取率作为评价指标,选择乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比、提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验法确定了东北铁线莲中总多酚的最佳工艺,采用分光光度法对提取液中总多酚的含量进行了测定,检测波长为766nm。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件中乙醇浓度为55%(体积分数),提取时间为35min,料液比(质量比)为1︰30,提取次数为3次。没食子酸在质量浓度为1.116～11.160μg/mL时呈现良好的线性关系。该提取方法操作简单,结果比较可靠,适用于东北铁线莲总多酚的提取。     

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen on the Yajiageng vertical belt,Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter（SOM） and total nitrogen（TN） were studied in different plant communities of the Yajiageng vertical belt in Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks. The results show： （1） the contents of SOM and TN of the plant communities gradually decreased with the following order： subalpine coniferous forest （3 027 m）, subalpine meadow （3 873 m）, coniferous broadleaved mixed forest（2 737 m）, subalpine shrub（3 565 m） and treeline（3 564 m）. （2） With soil profile depth increasing, the contents of SOM and TN gradually decreased. For different vegetation types, the contents of SOM and TN in sub-alpine coniferous forest were higher than that of other vegetational types. （3）The ratio of the content of carbon to the content of total nitrogen （Cc/CTN）WaS 13.5-27.6, which was relatively lower than the appropriate Cc/CTN of 25-30, and indicated that the soil in favor of the organic matter decomposed and nutrients released. Cc/CTN in the soil had no correlation with sea level altitude. However, its distribution in the soil x, aried with different vegetation types. （4） Nitrogen in SOM existed mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and Cc/CTN in the soil was not obvious correlated with SOM and TN.