基于ACELP和TCX的嵌入式宽带语音编码器

;为了应对以分组交换为基础的IP网络上出现的分组丢失和分组延时现象,该文提出了一种嵌入式宽带语音编码器.该编码器是国际电信联盟标准化组织(ITU-T)G.VBR候选方案之一.编码器可形成8～32kbit/s 5层具有嵌入式结构的码流,其中,前3层的码流利用嵌入式代数码激励线性预测(algebraic code-excited linearprediction,ACELP)编码技术生成,后2层的码流利用变换码激励(transform coded excitation,TCX)编码技术生成.当出现帧丢失时,利用了先前帧的语音分类信患和参数编码信忠来恢复丢失帧的语音信号.本套编码器经过ITU-T组织的测试,多项指标已经达到了ITU-T对G.VBR提出的参考要求.     

G.729A语音编解码器构成描述及其仿真

G.729A采用共轭结构-代数码激励线性预测编码（CS-ACELP）算法,其速率为8kbit/s,先对码激励线性预测（CELP）编解码器进行一般性描述,随后再对CS-ACELP编解码器分别进行详细的讨论,最后应用Matlab中Simulink软件对G.729A编解码器进行仿真,并用一段语音进行试验,得到满意结果.     

一种基于混合MELP/CELP的4 kbit/s声码器

利用混合激励线性预测 (mixed excitation linear prediction,MELP)算法和码激励线性预测(code excitation linear prediction,CELP)算法的优点,提出了一种混合MELP/CELP语音编码模型.编码端对强浊音帧采用MELP编码,对弱浊音帧和清音帧进行CELP编码.MELP编码器采用相位对齐技术提取强浊音帧的相位参数,解决了合成语音与原始语音在时间上不同步的问题.对实现的4 kbit/s混合MELP/CELP声码器进行客观MOS(mean opinion score)值和主观DRT(diagnostic rhythm test)清晰度测试,结果表明,该声码器的合成语音具有较高的可懂度和清晰度.     

4kb/s低速率语音编码的一种新算法

4kb/s低速率语音编码是近年来语音信号处理研究的重要课题,也是ITU－T下步要标准化的重点,介绍了目前4kb/s低速率语音编码的最新进展,关重分析了基音位置同步码激励线性预测编码（PPS－CELP）的原理和结构,并与G.729、G.723.1等算法进行了性能比较。     

基于CELP的语音编解码系统及其DSP实现

为了解决传统的语音编码使用波形编码或者参数编码方法时存在的编码速率较高,语音合成的自然度不高等不足,研究了以码激励线性预测(CELP)为基础的混合编码方法;探讨了CELP的算法原理及其关键技术,特别是对其中的码本搜索算法进行了改进,减小了算法的复杂度,提高了运行速度,并在TI公司的TMS320VC5410开发套件上得到了实时实现.实验结果表明,该算法在编码速率为8kbit/s时有较好的语音回放效果.     

变码率增强型双带激励LPC低速语音编码算法

基于对语音信号的分析，借鉴频率分带技术和码激励线性预测编码中传输残差信号可提高合成语音鲁棒性的思想，建立了双带激励模型，同时对基音检测、矢量量化、语音合成等环节加以改进，提出了最高码率为2400bit／s，最低码率为80bit／s的变码率增强型双带激励LPC(Linear Predictive Coding)低速语音编码算法。仿真结果表明：该算法在有效降低平均码率的前提下能保证较高的合成语音质量。     

一种新的低码率语音压缩编码方案

提出一种新的基于LPC(线性预测编码 )的BSP(二项式正弦脉冲 )语音压缩编码方案 ,即根据语音产生的原理 ,以BSP作为LPC激励源 ,并在此基础上构造了BSP语音编解码器。同时推导了BSP激励参数的求取和编码方法。实验结果表明 ,BSP编解码器由于求取BSP激励参数的计算量较小 ,因此处理速度快、时延小 ,同时编码速率在低至 2 .65kbit s时 ,具有较高的合成语音质量。     

6.6 kbit/s 小波激励线性预测语音编译码器

针对码本激励线性预测编码（ＣＥＬＰ），将小波变换运用于长时基音预测后的二次残差信号，提出了小波激励线性预测（ＷＥＬＰ）技术，大大降低了语音编码的复杂度。在保持相同合成音质的情况下，可使码速率为６．６ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的ＷＥＬＰ的编码速度较之相应的ＣＥＬＰ提高一倍。在此基础上，给出了用两片ＡＤＳＰ２１８１芯片实现的６．６ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＷＥＬＰ语音编译码器的定点实时实现系统，并对该系统作了性能测试和语音质量评测，表明了该系统的良好特性。     

1.8kb/s多带线性预测编码算法设计

设计了一种多带线性预测编码(MBLPC)语音压缩算法，该算法结合正弦编码和线性预测编码的优点，对语音信号的包络谱用线性预测编码方法进行估计．而对激励谱用多带方式进行处理．改进了特征参数的提取和量化方法，包括基于谐振结构的基音检测算法、基于谐振结构的线性预测分析以及包络谱参数的线性预测多层分裂码本矢量量化．非正式主观测试表明，在1．8kb／s编码速率下，由MBLPC算法所重建语音的平均意见分为3．0，而清晰度指标约为91％．     

一种基于G.729语音编码的改进算法

共轭代数码本激励线性预测（CS，ACELP）语音编码算法在8kb／s速率上获得了比较理想的质量，是以10ms为一短时语音帧作为处理对象．基于CS．ACELP语音编码算法，以20ms为一语音帧，在编码器中引入脉冲散布技术，提出了一种使码速降低至4kb／s的散布脉冲代数码本激励线性预测（PD—ACELP）编码算法．经仿真实验及主观听觉测试表明，这种算法的合成语音质量还是比较令人满意的．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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