硫酸介质中铅阳极膜阴极还原过程的研究

采用光电化学技术和实时交流阻抗测量等现场方法研究铅阳极膜的阴极还原过程，发现ＰｂＯ电位区阳极氧化形成的阳极膜在阴极还原时有两种ＰｂＯ的还原，即ｏ－ＰｂＯ和ｔ－ＰｂＯ二种氧化物的还原，还原过程中的电极阻抗变化情况表明ＰｂＯ层是均匀还原的，且是ｔ－ＰｂＯ先还原，ｏ－ＰｂＯ后还原．还分析了铅阳极膜在阴极还原过程中所表现出来的阴极光响应．     

阳极PbO2膜电催化性能的研究

过实验探讨了铅（Ｐｂ）在阳极极化过程中形成的阳极ＰｂＯ＿２膜的电催化性能，结果表明：在硫酸溶液中的恒电位极化得到铅的阳极Ｐｂ０＿２膜，比未形成阳极膜的铅电极（Ｐｂ）对于Ｍｎ￣（２＋）氧化成的反应具有电催化性能，能使反应速率加快。     

Pb／PbO／PbSO4电极在硫酸溶液中的还原

采用阴极线性电位扫描法、实时交流阻抗测量及光电子能谱等研究Ｐｂ／ＰｂＯ／ＰｂＳＯ４电极在硫酸溶液中的阴极还原过程．结果表明，ＰｂＯ还原峰的峰电位随氧化时间的增加而负移，ＰｂＯ在还原时分为两个阶段即ｏ－ＰｂＯ和ｔ－ＰｂＯ的还原，ＰｂＯ还原发生在ＰｂＯ与基底Ｐｂ的界面．     

添加剂对粘结镍电极性能的影响

用球形Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２做为镍电极的活性物质,讨论了电极中加入各种添加剂（如Ｃｏ、Ｚｎ、Ｂａ和Ｃｓ等）对涂膏式镍电极活性物质Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２利用率、快速放电能力、放电电位、电极膨胀率和氧析出电位等性能的影响。电极中添加ＣｏＣ,Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２利用率大大增加,电极快速放电能力增强,电极反应加逆性变好。电极中添加ＣｏＯ和一定量的ＺｎＯ或Ｂａ（ＯＨ）２能够抑制过充电时γ－ＮｉＯＯＨ的生成,降低电极膨胀率。     

含铅的多元氢阴极电催化性能的研究

用电沉积法制备Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｃａ多元活性阴极，研究了在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４中的析氢反应，结果表明，多元阴极具有较高的电催化活性，其析氢过电位比软钢阴极降低３０５ｍＶ，ｉ０提高三个数量级，且有较好的稳定性，并用光电子能谱研究了表面组成和结构。证实表面有：Ｎｉ，ＮｉＯ，ＭｏＯ２，ＭｏＯ＾２－４，ＷＯ３，ＰｂＯ２，ＰｂＯ，Ｃａ＾＋＋等物质。     

次亚磷酸根在Pt电极上的电氧化研究

用循环伏安法研究Ｈ２ＰＯ２＾－在铂电极上的电氧化行为,并讨论了电氧化的机理。结果表明,在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４介质中,Ｈ２ＰＯ＾－２抑制氢和氧在Ｐｔ电极上的吸附,并通过两种径在０．４－１．２Ｖ的电位范围发生氧化：Ｈ２ＰＯ＾－２直接氧化形成Ｈ２ＰＯ３＾－３和Ｈ２ＰＯ＾２通过前置化学步骤形成吸附中间物Ｈ３ＰＯ３然后进一步电氧化形成Ｈ３ＰＯ４。所述机理可以较好地解释电位扫描速度、介质温度及次亚磷酸根     

砷钼杂多阴离子薄膜修饰电极的电化学特性及？…

用电化学沉积法制备了Ａｓ－Ｍｏ杂多阴离子修电极，在０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中及０．７０Ｖ～０．００Ｖ电位范围内，该电极具有三对可逆氧化还原表面波，它们分别对应于Ａｓ－Ｍｏ杂多阴离子中Ｍｏ的三个２电子氧化还原过程，这三对表面波分别对ＮＯ２＾－ＩＯ３＾－及ＡｓＭｏ１２Ｏ＾３４０离子具有电催化活性，文中给出了其催化机理及浓度响应范围。     

电极类型对NiOOH循环伏安测试的影响

 制备了NiOOH的涂膏式电极和粉末微电极,并对两种电极进行了循环伏安测试.测试结果表明,粉末微电极出现了还原峰和氧化峰,而涂膏式电极只出现了还原峰,表明粉末微电极的电极可逆性优于涂膏式电极;对于粉末微电极,其氧化峰及还原峰的峰电位、峰电流最终均趋于稳定,说明所制备NiOOH较为稳定;而其ΔE值最小仅为0.131 V,小于涂膏式电极所测值,说明粉末微电极用于循环伏安测试效果更好,所制备NiOOH样品晶格结构较为稳定,具有较好的电极可逆性.对造成涂膏式电极和粉末微电极测试结果差异的原因进行了分析探讨.     

Pb－Pb＿3（PO4）＿2化学修饰电极响应机理的探讨

初步探讨了Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２化学修饰电极的响应机理，提出了该修饰电极在溶液中的界面模型，说明了该修饰电极电位的产生     

β—PbO2修饰电极的研究（Ⅱ）

进行了β－ＰｂＯ２／ＳｎＯ２／Ｔｉ电极的研制及其性能的研究，与以前做的β－ＰｂＯ２／Ｔｉ进行比较，显示了β－ＰｂＯ２／ＳｎＯ２／Ｔｉ修饰电极导电性能好并节省电能等方面的优越性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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