中国纤维蛇纹石石棉X射线衍射研究

按照产出形式不同,中国主要的工业纤维蛇纹石石棉矿床可分为两个类型。即超基性岩型和碳酸盐岩型。应用各种X射线衍射研究方法对七个主要矿床的73个样品研究表明:中国具有6个纤维蛇纹石石棉变种,包括:斜纤维蛇纹石石棉,正纤维蛇纹石石棉,D_c型纤维蛇纹石石棉,副纤维蛇纹石石棉,波伏棱斜纤维蛇纹石石棉和波伏棱正纤维蛇纹石石棉。同时,作者查明了中国各主要纤维蛇纹石石棉矿床的石棉种属。以正纤维蛇纹石石棉为主并含有相对地较多的副纤维蛇纹石石棉的吉林集安石棉矿床,在世界上是一个罕见的特殊矿床。     

短纤维石棉制备纤维状SiO2的原理与方法

对纤蛇纹石石棉的化学成分、晶体结构、形态特征和活性进行了研究,探讨了纤蛇纹石石棉制备纤维状纳米SiO2的原理,并对试验产物进行了分析.结果表明:纤蛇纹石石棉是天然产出的纳米管状材料,其内管直径为3.5～24 nm,多数小于11 nm,外管直径为16～56 nm,绝大多数在20～50 nm范围内.纯净的纤蛇纹石石棉样品的化学成分主要为SiO2、MgO和H2O ,其质量分数SiO2约为42%,MgO约为42%,结构水H2O 约为13%.纤蛇纹石具有卷管状结构,化学键特点决定了其具有很好的化学活性和可改造性,为制备纤维状纳米SiO2粉体材料创造了基础.纤蛇纹石石棉纤维经酸处理后,MgO等组分被浸取出来转变为硫酸盐,而残留下非晶质纳米SiO2纤维残骸;经后处理即可获得纤维状SiO2纳米材料.     

人工合成蛇纹石的摩擦性能

蛇纹石具有独特的层状结构,在工业润滑油基础油中添加蛇纹石能够起到抗磨、减摩、自修复的作用。为了提高蛇纹石的纯度,本文通过模拟天然蛇纹石的形成条件,在水热环境下,制备了蛇纹石粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱等手段对产物的结构进行表征,结果表明合成的Mg3Si2O5(OH)4有纤蛇纹石和利蛇纹石两种结构。采用干法分散对蛇纹石粉体进行表面处理并分散于基础油中,通过MS-10A型摩擦磨损试验机测试,结果表明纤蛇纹石的抗磨、减摩性能优于利蛇纹石,摩擦系数较未添加蛇纹石降低41.2%以上。     

纤蛇纹石纳米纤维的制备及表征

使用阴离子表面活性剂Aerosol OT（AOT）对纤蛇纹石进行化学分散，制备纤蛇纹石纳米纤维。研究AOT浓度、分散时间及乳化机转速对纤蛇纹石分散效果的影响，获得制备纤蛇纹石纳米纤维的最佳条件。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重-差式扫描量热法和扫描电镜对纤蛇纹石纳米纤维进行表征。研究结果表明：当AOT溶液质量浓度为2g／L左右，分散时间为40～50min，乳化机转速为5000-6000r／min时，AOT能有效吸附在纤蛇纹石纤维表面，达到最佳分散效果；形成的纤蛇纹石纳米纤维基本为单纤维，其形貌较为一致，直径为30～80nm，长度达10μm以上。     

四川建材学院学报1989年度——总目次表

】9 89年 第4卷 第1期 总第1 3期 目次8910!c耳c0 s热分解非等温动力学机制的研究 ……·…··:……··:·:...···0...…·‘·……·黄文熙钱光人徐光亮卡缝、(1—7_)89102设备选型设计的模糊综合评判……………………………………夏静波(9—16)89103 Banacn空间上的囿变算子及算子幂级数收敛定理 …_………·…………………………”杨翰深(17_26。)891048910589106891078910889109自然费用下设备更换和维修的最优化………………邵君利 徐明民(27--32)波伏棱型纤蛇纹石石棉的X射线和电子衍射研究……………古阶祥(33—40)乡镇混疑土…     

采用纤蛇纹石制备纳米纤维状多孔氧化硅

以天然纤蛇纹石为原料,通过酸浸制备纳米纤维状多孔氧化硅,并使用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和N2吸附-脱附等温线技术等对其进行表征。研究结果表明:该多孔氧化硅具有独特的纳米纤维状形貌;其结构为无定形,结构组成单元仍为硅氧四面体,但四面体交替上下排列,六元环结构发生高度扭曲变形。纳米纤维状多孔氧化硅比表面积为391.8 m2/g,总孔容为1.05 cm3/g,由吸附-脱附等温线的滞后回线特征判断其结构中的孔主要为缝隙型孔。     

Ni3［Ge2O5］(OH)4纳米盘的制备与表征

基于改变阳离子半径对蛇纹石结构层的可调性,以氧化锗和氢氧化镍为原料,通过水热法合成了Ni3[Ge2O5](OH)4纳米盘.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)等手段对不同反应时间合成样品的物相、形貌和结构进行了分析表征.结构分析表明,合成样品为纤蛇纹石结构,其晶胞参数为a=5.300,b=9.199,c=14.631,α=γ=90°,β=93.51°.形貌分析表明,样品为六边形纳米盘状,其粒径约为0.2～1μm.分析认为,样品生长过程与蛇纹石层生长机理相一致。     

纤蛇纹石石棉纤维的界面相研究

在中性或偏酸性水介质中，纤蛇纹石石绵纤维表层的Ｍｇ￣（２＋）和（ＯＨ）￣－解离后进入水溶液带走，难溶的ＳｉＯ＿２质组分残留在纤维表面和纤维之间，从而形成纤维的界面相。界面相的存在赋予纤维以硬直性和刚性特征，并难于分散。由于失去了吸引表面活性剂的活性原纤维表面，故不能进行湿法加工。界面相的形成取决于石棉纤维的形成条件，界面相的发育程度是影响纤蛇纹石石棉柔软性和其他性质的最主要的原因。     

科研简讯

我院副教授万朴负责研究的《我国西北地区超镁铁质岩型纤蛇纹石石棉矿成矿地球化学作用及远景评价》88年8月底通过部级鉴定。 副教授万朴对西北超镁铁质岩型石棉矿床的成矿构造位置,成矿地球化学过程,矿床类型和成矿模式进行了系统研究,对超镁铁质岩型石棉矿床地质工作的布置及岩体含棉远景评价具有实际指导意义,其著作亦达到国外同类研究水平。     

蛇纹石型红土矿常压酸浸实验研究

主要探讨了常压下盐酸对蛇纹石型红土镍矿进行浸出的工艺条件。考察了酸矿比、液固比、反应温度、反应时间等对蛇纹石型红土镍矿浸出的影响。通过实验得出最佳工艺条件:酸矿比为2.5∶1、液固比为5∶1、反应时间为0.5 h、反应温度为100℃。在此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为100%、100%和90%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the