Dopaminergic D-3 binding sites are not presynaptic autoreceptors

Postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptors have been classified biochemically and pharmacologically into two types: D-1 receptors mediate adenylate cyclase stimulation, demonstrating micromolar affinity for DA and butyrophenone antagonists; D-2 receptors mediate adenylate cyclase inhibition, demonstrating nanomolar affinity for DA and butyrophenone antagonists. D-1 receptors are labelled by 3H-thioxanthene antagonists, while D-2 receptors are labelled by both 3H-agonists and all 3H-antagonists. A third class of dopaminergic binding site, termed D-3, represents high-affinity 3H-agonist binding sites demonstrating low, micromolar, affinity for butyrophenones. In the rat striatum, D-3 sites were decreased 50% by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal DA pathway, suggesting that such D-3 binding labels presynaptic DA autoreceptors on nigrostriatal terminals. However, nigrostriatal denervation produces a concomitant depletion of striatal DA. Here we demonstrate that a reserpine-induced depletion of DA produces a decrease in D-3 binding comparable to that seen with nigrostriatal denervation, independent of presynaptic terminal degeneration. This loss in binding, or that caused by 6-OHDA lesions, is recovered by preincubating the striatal membranes with DA or with the supernatant from control striatal membrane preparations. We therefore suggest that the loss of D-3 binding following 6-OHDA lesions results from the depletion of endogenous DA rather than the degeneration of terminals and their putatively associated autoreceptors.     

Identification of serotonin M-receptor subtypes and their specific blockade by a new class of drugs

We describe a new class of drugs that selectively block serotonin M-receptors on peripheral neurones. Because of their high affinity, some of these drugs are the most potent of any pharmacological class yet reported. They have allowed the identification of three M-receptor subtypes, one of which is responsible for mediating the painful effects of serotonin in humans.     

一种新的手性氨基醇配体的合成

利用生产氯霉素的副产物( )-(1S,2S)-1-(对硝基苯基)-2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇经过四步反应合成了一种新的手性氨基醇催化剂———(1S,2S)-1-对硝基苯基-2-[(N-甲基-3’,4’-甲叉二氧基苯甲胺基)]-3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-1-丙醇.四步的总产率为43%.其结构经IR1、HNMR1、3CNMR确证.     

Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis

The psychosis associated with schizophrenia is characterized by alterations in sensory processing and perception. Some antipsychotic drugs were identified by their high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (2AR). Drugs that interact with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) also have potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The effects of hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, require the 2AR and resemble some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we show that the mGluR2 interacts through specific transmembrane helix domains with the 2AR, a member of an unrelated G-protein-coupled receptor family, to form functional complexes in brain cortex. The 2AR-mGluR2 complex triggers unique cellular responses when targeted by hallucinogenic drugs, and activation of mGluR2 abolishes hallucinogen-specific signalling and behavioural responses. In post-mortem human brain from untreated schizophrenic subjects, the 2AR is upregulated and the mGluR2 is downregulated, a pattern that could predispose to psychosis. These regulatory changes indicate that the 2AR-mGluR2 complex may be involved in the altered cortical processes of schizophrenia, and this complex is therefore a promising new target for the treatment of psychosis.     

Glycogenolysis induced by serotonin in brain: identification of a new class of receptor

Serotonin-containing neurones in brain have been proposed to have a role in the control of physiological mechanisms such as sleep, thermoregulation, pain perception and endocrine secretions as well as in the physiopathology of migraine or depressive illness. One difficulty in testing these possibilities lies in the scarcity of pharmacological agents able to interact selectively with the probably multiple classes of serotonin receptors in the central nervous system. Development of such agents would be facilitated by simple in vitro models in which biological responses to serotonin in mammalian brain could be quantified. Thus a serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase has been characterized in rat brain, but the response to serotonin is weak in newborn and practically absent in adult animals. In addition, two pharmacologically distinct classes of serotoninergic binding site have been identified using 3H-serotonin and 3H-spiperone as ligands, but their identification as receptors remains to be established. More recently, serotonin has been shown to stimulate phosphorylation of a neuronal protein in slices from the facial motor nucleus, although the receptors mediating this action were not characterized. We now report that serotonin stimulates glycogen hydrolysis in slices of cerebral cortex, that this action is mediated by a novel class of receptors and that tricyclic antidepressants are among the best competitive antagonists of the indolamine.     

新型希夫碱配体的合成及表征

由２,６－二氨基吡啶和间硝基苯甲醛制得一种稳定的人碱配体,其结构红红外光谱,质谱及元素分析进行表征,该希夫碱配体具有稳定性等特点。     

Identification of a new class of steroid hormone receptors

The gonads and adrenal glands produce steroids classified into five major groups which include the oestrogens, progestins, androgens, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Gonadal steroids control the differentiation and growth of the reproductive system, induce and maintain sexual characteristics and modulate reproductive behaviour. Adrenal steroids also influence differentiation as well as being metabolic regulators. The effects of each steroid depend primarily on its specific receptors, the nature of which could therefore provide a basis for classification of steroid hormone action. The successful cloning, sequencing and expression of the human glucocorticoid (hGR) (ref. 1), oestrogen (hER), progesterone (hPR), and mineralocorticoid (hMR) receptors, complementary DNA, plus homologues from various species, provides the first opportunity to study receptor structure and its influence on gene expression. Sequence comparison and mutational analysis show structural features common to all groups of steroid hormone receptors. The receptors share a highly conserved cysteine-rich region which functions as the DNA-binding domain. This common segment allows the genome to be scanned for related gene products: hMR cDNA for example, was isolated using an hGR hybridization probe. In this study, using the DNA-binding domain of the human oestrogen receptor cDNA as a hybridization probe, we have isolated two cDNA clones encoding polypeptides with structural features suggestive of cryptic steroid hormone receptors which could participate in a new hormone response system.     

一个新型氰根桥联铁（Ⅲ）—铜（Ⅱ）大环配位聚合物的合成和晶体结构

合成了新型大环配位聚合物[Cu(L)]     

一个新型氰根桥联铁(Ⅲ)-铜(Ⅱ)大环配位聚合物的合成和晶体结构

合成了新型大环配位聚合物 [Cu(L) ]2 [Fe2 (H2 O) (CN) 10 ]·8H2 O(L =1,8-二正丙基- 1,3,6 ,8,10 ,13-六氮杂 - 14-冠 - 4 ) ,用元素分析、ICP分析、IR光谱对配合物进行了表征 ,X -射线衍射测定了其单晶结构 .结果表明 ,该晶体属正交晶系 ,Pddd空间群 ,a =1.8310 (4)nm ,b =2 .6 0 6 0 (5)nm ,c =3.16 80 (6 )nm ,α =β =γ =90° ,V =15.116 (5)nm3,Z =8,dc=1.0 85g/cm3,F(0 0 0 ) =52 0 0 ,R1=0 .10 2 4 ,WR2 =0 .2 6 57,GOF(F2 ) =0 .992 .该配合物结构中氰根桥联铁 (Ⅲ )和铜 (Ⅱ ) ,形成Fe -CN -Cu -NC -Fe一维链 ,链与链之间经由Fe-O(H2 O) -Fe而相互联结 ,形成相互交叉的网状结构 .铁和铜均形成 6配位畸变 8面体构型 .     

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of FKBP12 complexed with a new neurotrophic ligand

Thetherapyofnerveinjuryandneurode generativediseasessuchasAlzheimer’sdiseaseandParkinson’sdiseaseisadifficultprojectforscientiststosurmount.Manydrugsandtherapeuticapproacheshavebeenusedtotreatthesediseases ,buttheresultisunsatisfactory[1] .Inrecent years ,neurotrophinsincludingnervegrowthfactor (NGF) ,neurotrophin3(NT3) ,neurotrophin 4 / 5 (NT4 / 5 )andbrain de rivedneurotrophicfactor (BDNF)werestudiedex tensivelyandfoundtoaffectthesurvival,growth ,and/ordifferentiationofneuronsandsever…     

Identification and distribution of 5-HT3 receptors in rat brain using radioligand binding

Functional serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors have been divided into three subtypes: 5-HT1-like, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 (ref. 1). Brain binding sites have been identified for both the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 subtypes. Receptors of the 5-HT3 type have been characterized on isolated peripheral tissue models such as the rat vagus nerve, guinea-pig ileum and isolated rabbit heart. Using these models, selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as MDL 72222 (ref. 5), ICS 205-930 (ref. 6), GR38032F (ref. 7) and BRL 43694 (ref. 8) have been developed. Recently, GR38032F, MDL 72222 and ICS 205-930 have been shown to have behavioural effects in rodents and primates that undoubtedly reflect an action in the central nervous system (refs 9-11 and unpublished observations), suggesting the existence of 5-HT3 receptors in the brain. Here we report direct evidence for the existence of 5-HT3 receptors in rat brain tissue and their distribution, based on high affinity binding of the potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 3H-GR65630 to homogenates of rat entorhinal cortex. Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and agonists inhibited binding of 3H-GR65630 with high affinities which correlated well with their actions on the rat isolated vagus nerve. Binding was differentially distributed throughout the brain with high concentrations in cortical and limbic areas.     

基于光度立体视觉法的织物三维表面形态研究

提出了一种基于光度立体视觉方法对织物进行三维表面重建.结合有限差分法,获取织物的三维轮廓数据.重建织物的表面形状并加以分析.     

Development of a new method for analyzing free aluminum ions （Al3＋） in seafood using HPLC-ICP-MS

This paper presents a novel method for simultaneous online examination of free aluminum ions （Al3＋） in seafood, using solid- phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography online with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SPE- HPLC-ICP-MS）, without post-column reaction. The optimum conditions for chromatographic separation of Al3＋ were achieved using an IonPac CS5A analytical column with an IonPac CG5A guard column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.040 mol/L LiOH, 0.0060 mol/L 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and 0.090 mol/L CH3COOH （pH 4.7）. The free Al3＋ ions in seafood were extracted by shaking with the mobile phase at 70℃ for 2 h. SPE was conducted using an Oasis MCX, 3cc/60 mg, 30 μm column, which was activated and equilibrated with 2 mL of methanol and 4 mL of deionized water before use. HCl （0.075 mol/L, 2 mL） was used to wash inorganic Al from the SPE column. The standard recoveries of Al3＋ were all above 89% and the relative standard deviations were all below 5%. The proposed method was successfully used for the examination of Al3＋ in seafood samples, and the results were similar to those obtained using the static equilibrium method.     

对称氮氧配体钛配合物合成及催化丙交酯开环聚合研究

非对称氮氧多齿配体与四异丙氧基钛在甲苯中反应制得新颖的钛配合物。配合物的结构经红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)表征。由于电子排布改变,配合物的紫外吸收光谱E2吸收带的吸收峰位置发生了红移,且吸收强度有所增强。该配合物用于D,L-丙交酯开环聚合反应,具有中等程度的催化活性,可制得分子量分布较窄的聚合物。     

差异展示法鉴定GA3诱导的水稻差异表达的mRNA

赤霉素是植物生长发育过程中一类重要的调节激素，在水稻不育系上喷施合适浓度的ＧＡ３（赤霉素的一种）可以克服其包颈现象。运用反转录和聚合酶链式反应建立了一套旨在分离差异表达ｃＤＮＡ的差异展示方法。     

新型4-苯甲酰氨基-N-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)苯甲酰胺配体及其氟硼化合物的合成

以2-氨基-6-甲基吡啶和4-氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,合成得到了新型配体4-苯甲酰氨基-N-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)苯甲酰胺(L2)及其N,O-吡啶氟硼荧光化合物(C2),采用1 H NMR、13 C NMR、ESI-MS和IR对其结构进行表征,并通过密度泛函理论计算初步探究了新型N,O-吡啶氟硼化合物C2的光学性能.结...     

多官能团手性氨基醇配体的合成

以天然手性氨基酸为原料 ,合成了一个新的多官能团手性氨基醇配体 ,并用红外、核磁、元素分析等测试方法确定了该化合物的结构