Affinity chromatographic preparation of arterial heavy meromyosin subfragment-1

Summary Heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 (HMM S-1) was prepared by papain digestion of arterial myosin or actomyosin and was purified by agarose-ATP affinity chromatography. Proteolysis of crude arterial myosin suspensions was preceded by solubilization. HMM-S-1 thus obtained consisted mainly of a 90,000 dalton polypeptide and fully retained the K⁺- and Ca²⁺-ATPase of the parent myosin. Its affinity to agarose-ATP was comparable to that of skeletal muscle HMM S-1.The support of this work by an EMBO short time fellowship (to R. L.) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (No. SFB 90, B 7) and the excellent technical assistance byM. Troschka andC. Köhler are gratefully acknowledged.     

Zur Wirkung des Calciums auf die Myofibrillen-ATPase des Herzmuskels

Summary The inhibition of cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity by EDTA can be completely reversed by Ca⁺⁺ under certain experimental conditions. This shows that there is no fundamental difference between the reaction of cardiac myofibrillar ATPase and the tension development of glycerinated cardiac fibres, as was supposed byBriggs andHannah on account of the results ofParker andBerger.     

Zur Frage einer antagonistischen Wirkung von Herzglykosiden und Nebennierensteroiden am Kationentransport der Erythrocytenmembran

Summary Previous experiments indicating antagonistic effects of cardiac glycosides and corticosteroids on ion transport in red cells and published independently from our own laboratories¹ and byBernstein ² could not be repeated under a variety of experimental conditions.     

R?le du ganglion frontal sur le rythme cardiaque chezLocusta migratoria L.

Summary Removal of the frontal ganglion results in a decrease of the cardiac rhythm which is more important than the one following starvation in the adults of both sexes ofLocusta migratoria. This decrease may be due in part to the reduction of protein metabolism but also, according toStrong ⁸ andClarke andAnstee ^7,9, to interruption of the normal activity of the CA brought on by frontalectomy.     

Accessibilité, solubilité et association,in situ,de la myosine

Summary myosinin situ is the more accessible to saline solutions the more finely the muscular substance has been divided, which implies its localization in structures difficult of access.This myosin exists in such structures in the form of a complex, the dissociation of which is effected by the saline solutions in proportion to their ionic strength.Fatigue does not modify the spatial accessibility of this complex but does modify its structures, so that, for some values ofp _H, solutions of equal ionic concentrations are less active on the substance of stimulated muscles than on that of normal ones.The myosin derived from that complex is much less homogenous in the Tiselius-Longworth apparatus than the myosin isolated from theWeber-Edsall myosin by fractionating with ammonium sulfate.Rabbits' muscles suddenly cooled by immersion in ice water give extracts similar to those of stimulated muscles.     

Electron-microscopic mapping of the hinge region of myosin

Summary The trypsin-sensitive sites in the labile hinge region of the myosin molecule are located with heightened accuracy (±2 nm) by electron microscopy as lying at 70, 85, 95, and 103 nm from the C-terminus of the rod section of the molecule.I thank Dr.Michael Young for valuable advice and encouragement, Drs.Jerome Gross andRomaine R. Bruns for use of their electron microscope, and Mrs.Muriel H. Blanchard for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by the American Heart Association, The John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc., and the National Institutes of Health.     

Über das Cu2+-Bindungsvermögen einiger Aminosäuren und Peptide Metallionen und biologische Wirkung

Summary The capacity of binding copper ions of several aminoacids and peptides has been investigated. A direct colorimetric method measuring comparable values of bound Cu²⁺ has been developed.

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37. Mitteilung; 36. Mitteilung:R. Gall undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta38, 1421 (1955).     

Über den Einbau von Dipeptiden in Ergotoxin-Alkaloide

Summary l-Valyl-l-leucine-U-¹⁴C,l-valyl-l-proline-U-¹⁴C-lactam andl-leucyl-l-proline-U-¹⁴C-lactam were administered to submerged cultures of an ergotoxine-mixture-producing strain ofClaviceps purpurea. The added dipeptides were split by the fungus into the corresponding amino acids prior to incorporation. Apparently dipeptides are no immediate precursors for the peptide side-chain of ergotoxinealkaloids.     

Aus der Chemie der Naturstoffe

Summary This lecture was held in Zürich to commemorate the 70^th birthday of Prof.Paul Karrer; it briefly outlines his life-work as a scientist and then reviews, in greater detail, some of his important work in various fields: vegetable dyestuffs (carotenoids), vitamins (particularly vitamins A, E and K) and curare alkaloids.As is the purpose of this lecture, a review is also given of the author's own work: ergot alkaloids and their derivatives; cardiac glycosides of squill, digitalis etc.; and finally, the most recent results of research on chlorophyll — the crystallization of natural chlorophylla andb after many years of endeavour.

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ErstePaul-Karrer-Vorlesung, gehalten im Rahmen der öffentlichen Feier zum 70. Geburtstag von Prof.Paul Karrer, am 25. April 1959 in der Aula der Universität Zürich.     

Antagonism of prostaglandin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat anterior pituitary in vitro by somatostatin analogues

Summary The PGE₂-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat anterior pituitary in vitro is inhibited by [desamino¹]-, [desamino¹] [descarboxy¹⁴] and [d-Lys⁴]-somatostatin similarly to somatostatin, while the [descarboxy¹⁴]-somatostatin exhibits reduced activity; [d-Lys⁹]-somatostatin is ineffective at a higher concentration.The authors acknowledge the technical assistance ofG. Alexander. F. Bellini, D. Mangerel andJ. Rochon and thank Dr.G. Schilling and his associates for the analytical data.     

Diketopiperazines containing L-proline from Streptomyces lavendulae and their stereochemistry in solution

Summary l-Valyl-l-proline (I),l-leucyl-l-proline (II),l-phenylalanyl-l-proline (III) andl-isoleucyl-l-proline (IV) anhydrides were isolated from the cultures ofStreptomyces lavendulae No. 314 and, on the basis of¹³C-NMR and CD spectra, their stereochemistry in solution is described.Acknowledgments. The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Prof. H. Ogura, Kitasato University, for kind supply of the authenticl-valyl-l-proline anhydride and to Mr. A. Takakuwa, JASCO, for measuring the CD curves with J-40 automatic recording spectropolarimeter.     

Nouvelle méthode de séparation des myosinesα etβ

Summary Myosin is insoluble in KAc or NaAc 0.5 m at neutralp _H values and can be easily separated from myosin under these conditions. The yield in myosin is 80 to 90% of the total protein content of our solutions (Weber-Edsall myosin solutions prepared after 20 minutes extraction).     

Interactions between mechanics and differential geometry in the 19th century

Conclusion 79. This study of the interaction between mechanics and differential geometry does not pretend to be exhaustive. In particular, there is probably more to be said about the mathematical side of the history from Darboux to Ricci and Levi Civita and beyond. Statistical mechanics may also be of interest and there is definitely more to be said about Hertz (I plan to continue in this direction) and about Poincaré's geometric and topological reasonings for example about the three body problem [Poincaré 1890] (cf. also [Poincaré 1993], [Andersson 1994] and [Barrow-Green 1994]). Moreover, it would be interesting to find out how the 19^th century ideas discussed here influenced the developments in the 20^th century. Einstein himself is a hotly debated case.Yet, despite these shortcommings, I hope that this paper has shown that the interactions between mechanics and differential geometry is not a 20^th century invention. Klein's view (see my Introduction) that Riemannian geometry grew out of mechanics, more specifically the principle of least action, cannot be maintained. On the other hand, when Riemannian geometry became known around 1870 it was immediately used in mechanics by Lipschitz. He began a continued tradition in this field, which had several elements in common with the new view of mechanics conceived by the physicists and explicitly carried out by Hertz.Before 1870 we found only scattered interactions between differential geometry and mechanics and only direct ones for systems of two or three degrees of freedom. For more degrees of freedom the geometrical ideas were in some interesting cases taken over by analogy, but these analogies did not lead to formal introduction of geometries of more than three dimensions.     

Der Mathematiker Abraham de Moivre (1667–1754)

Summary Before examining de Moivre's contributions to the science of mathematics, this article reviews the source materials, consisting of the printed works and the correspondence of de Moivre, and constructs his biography from them.The analytical part examines de Moivre's contributions and achievements in the study of equations, series, and the calculus of probability. De Moivre contributed to the continuing development from Viète to Abel and Galois of the theory of solving equations by means of constructing particular equations, the roots of which can be written in the form . He also discovered the reciprocal equations. In the course of this work de Moivre discovered an expression equivalent to (cos +i sin ) ⁿ =cos n +i sin n and, following Cotes, he succeeded in expressing the nth roots of unity in trigonometric form.In the theory of series, de Moivre developed a polynomial theorem encom-passing Newton's binomial theorem and, in particular, a theorem of recurrent series useful in the calculus of probability.The demands of the calculus of probability led de Moivre to an approximation for the binomial coefficients for large values of n. The interaction between de Moivre and James Stirling, particularly in regard to the asymptotic series for log (n!), is treated at length. This work supplied the foundation for de Moivre's limit theorem for the binomial distribution.The calculus of probability, which occupied him from 1708 onward, became in time ever more the center of de Moivre's inquiries. Proceeding from contemporary collections of gambling exercises, de Moivre, by introducing an explicit measure of probability for the so-called Laplace experiments, found the beginnings of a theory of probability. De Moivre expanded the classic application of probability calculus to games of chance by addressing himself to the problem of annuities and by adopting Halley's work with its conception of Probability of life. De Moivre was the first to publish a mathematically formulated law for the decrements of life derived from mortality tables.

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Abkürzungen a.a.O. am angegebenen Ort = Verweis auf das nach Verfassern alphabetisch geordnete Literaturverzeichnis. Eine vor a.a.O. in runden Klammern angegebene Zahl kennzeichnet die entsprechende Nummer der im Literaturverzeichnis aufgeführten Arbeiten eines Autors. - AC Ars conjectandi = Jakob Bernoulli (4) a.a.O. - AE Acta Eruditorum - a.S. alter Stil⁴⁷ - BM Bibliotheca Mathematica - DMV Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung - JL Journal Literaire - MA Miscellanea Analytica, London 1730 - n.S. neuer Stil⁴⁷ - PT Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London - r.F. rekurrente Folge - r.R. rekurrente Reihe - SMA Miscellaneis Analyticis Supplementum, London 1730 - v. veröffentlicht (nur im Briefverzeichnis verwendet) Prof. Dr. Kurt Vogel zum 80. Geburtstag Vorgelegt von J. E. Hofmann     

Distribution of tritium inWilzbach treated cholesterol

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass Cholesterin-H³, nach Behandlung von besonders gereinigtem Handelscholesterin mit Tritium entsprechend der Vorschrift vonWilzbach, bei sechsmal wiederholter Bromierung nachFieser frei von Cholestanol-H³ erhalten wird. In so gereinigtem Cholesterin-H³ ist der schwere Wasserstoff gleichmässig über alle wasserstofftragenden Kohlenstoffatome verteilt.

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This work was supported by an Institutional Grant No. P-108A of the American Cancer Society and by a Grant No. G-7477 of the National Science Foundation. The authors are grateful to Dr.M. Gut of this Institute for theWilzbach treatment of cholesterol.     

The role of glycine in the biosynthesis of a terpene

Zusammenfassung Mit doppelt markiertem Glycin konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Kohlenstoffatom der Methylgruppe viel besser als das Kohlenstoffatom der Karboxylgruppe in die Isoprengruppe des Ophiobolins B ausCochiobolus miyabeanus eingebaut wird. Die Radioaktivität wird in Ophiobolin B eingebaut, wenn die folgenden Verbindungen verwendet werden: [3-¹⁴C]-Serin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Sarcosin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Methionin, und [¹⁴C] Formate.

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a)Studies on Biosynthesis. Part V. for Part IV, seeM. Anchel, A. K. Bose, K. S. Khanchandani andP. T. Funke, Phytochem.9, 2135 (1970). b) Presented in part at the 3rd Natural Products Symposium, University of West Indies, Jamaica, January 1970.

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The support of this research by Stevens Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Dr.J. H. Davis and Prof.L. Z. Pollara for their interest and encouragement and Drs.H. Levy, P. T. Funke, M. S. Manhas, P. K. Bhattacharyya andM. Anchel for valuable discussions and help with some of the experiments. We are particularly thankful to Dr.L. Canonica for providing us with cultures ofCochiobolus miyabeanus that made our work on ophiobolin B possible.     

Demonstration of a negative binding effect of bovine growth hormone toward potassium

Zusammenfassung Hochgereinigtes Rinderwachstumshormon besitzt ein ziemlich gutes Bindungsvermögen für Mg⁺⁺-, Ca⁺⁺- und Na⁺-Ionen. Andererseits wird K⁺ je nach Konzentration überhaupt nicht, oder nur in Spuren gebunden.

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The performance of the elementary analyses by R. C.Anderson is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to B.Czuk and N. O.Milkovich for technical assistance.     

Bazzanenol,a new sesquiterpene alcohol having a skeleton of Bicyclo[5.3.1] undecane system from hepaticae,Bazzania pompeana (Lac.) Mitt

Zusammenfassung Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung eines neuen Sesquiterpenalkohols ausBazzania pompeana (Lac.) Mitt.

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Studies on chemical constituents from Hepaticae, Part III: S.Hayashi, A.Matsuo and T.Matsuura, Tetrahedron Letters,1969, 1599 and ref.² are regarded as Part I and II.     

Zur Pharmakologie von Convallatoxol,zugleich ein Beitrag zur pharmakologischen Strukturanalyse von g-Strophanthin

Summary A report is given of the positive inotrope effects of genins and glycosides with one methyl or aldehyde or carbinol group in the C₁₀ atom of the steroid stage, and of the influence of thel-rhamnose compared withd-digitoxose andd-cymarose. A structure analysis of the ouabain and convallatoxol is derived from the differences in the degree of abolition of the acute cardiac damage in the experiments.     

Effect of heat treatment on the ATPase activity of various sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations

Summary Ca²⁺-stimulated ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preparations is activated after a short period of preincubation at temperatures between 40 and 45°C, but for temperatures higher than 48°C pronounced denaturation is observed. Heat denaturation is decreased if Mg²⁺ or K⁺ are present during heat treatment.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by research grants from Instituto de Alta Cultura (Grant No. CB/2) and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. We are grateful to Drs.A. P. Carvalho andV. M. C. Madeira for many discussions and suggestions during the course of this work.