Man and Nature in Chinese and Western Traditions

The Chinese conception of ＂oneness with man and heaven＂and the Western tradition of man’s separation from nature accompanied by a subject- object dichotomy are the cores of each culture, which largely decides the discrepancy in various aspects of the Chinese and Western ways. To have an embedded and penetrating idea about the differences between the two cultures, it is necessary to gain sufficient knowledge of man- nature relation in dominant Chinese and Western conceptions. This paper aims to explore this issue from the perspective of Taoism and Confucianism in Chinese context, and ancient Greek and Hebraic heritage and modern mechanical view in Western tradition.     

Multiuser detection and independent component analysis-Progress and perspective

The latest progress in the multiuser detection and independent component analysis (ICA) is reviewed systematically. Then two novel classes of multiuser detection methods based on ICA algorithms and feedforward neural networks are proposed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that ICA algorithms are effective to detect multiuser signals in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. The performances of these methods are not identical entirely in various channels, but all of them are robust, efficient, fast and suitable for real-time implementations.     

Grammar and Communication

Instead of being a boring subject, grammar is in fact one of the most exciting, creative, relevant subjects. It is sometimes described as the skeleton of a language, but it is much more than bones. It is the language's heartbeat, for without grammar; there can be no meaningful or effective communication. And grammar has different definitions and categories according to different contexts. By first reviewing the past linguists, especially those grammarians and their research, the paper makes some comparisons between some categories of grammar and puts forward that there is no 'good' or 'bad' grammar but knowing grammar or knowing about grammar really has a close relationship with effective communication.     

Function and interaction of maturation-promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase during meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascade and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) play very important roles during meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte. Interaction between MAP kinase and MPF influences meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte throughout the animal kingdom, including stimulation of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), suppression of DNA replication, control of meiotic chromosome segregation, maintenance of metaphase II arrest, and resumption and completion of second meiosis. This review focuses on the function and interaction of MAP kinase and MPF during meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocyte.     

Language and Sexism

Ｏｕｒｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｉｓｉｎｅｘｔｒｉｃａｂｌｙｂｏｕｎｄｕｐｗｉｔｈｏｕｒｈｕ ｍａｎｉｔｙ．Ｔｏｂｅｈｕｍａｎｉｓｔｏｕｓｅｌａｎｇｕａｇｅａｎｄｔｏｔａｌｋｉｓｔｏｂｅａｐｅｒｓｏｎ．Ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｕｓｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｄｓｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｉｎ ｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｏａｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ，ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｔｈｅｖｉｅｗｓａｎｄｖａｌｕｅｓｏｆｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ．Ａｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｏｒｗｏｒｄｓｏｆａｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｅｉｔｈｅｒｇｏｏｄｏｒｂａｄｂｕｔｃａｎｏｎｌｙｖｉｅｗｅ…     

Aims and Scope

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences aims to promote rapid communication and exchange be-     

Intercultural Differences and Communicatio

语言不仅仅是一种符号系统 ,语言与文化有着密不可分的关系。本文对语言、文化和交际之间的关系进行了阐释 ,从言语 (包括词汇、语用、语篇等层面 )和非言语两方面分析了语言使用的文化差异 ,并说明了增强文化意识 ,培养社会语言能力 ,以实现成功交际的迫切性。     

Retrospect and prospect: advances and future strategies in climate research

A brief review of the progress in climate research and a prospect on its further development in the 21st century is presented. Some key findings including the concept of climate system, the discovery of climatic multi-equilibrium and abrupt climate changes, and the recognition of human activities as an important force of climate change made breakthroughs in climatology possible during last few decades. The adaptation to climatic and global change emerged as a new aspect of climatic research during the 1990s. Climate research will break through in the observation of the global system, in the analysis of mass data, in the deepening of research on the mechanism of climatic change, and in the improvement of models. In the applied fields of climate research, there will be substantial progress in the research on adaptation to global change and sustainable development, on orderly human activities, and climate modification.     

Test Stability of Uster Advanced Fiber Information System（AFIS）

To study test stability of Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS),card sliver produced in two experiments(12 plans in each experiment)were tested by AFIS.By a statistic analysis of the test results,the number of test times that can get a reliable test reliability(hereinafter this number of test times is referred to as Reliable Test Times,RTT)of test parameters and the coefficient of variation(CV%)values of 30 test results of each experiment plan were obtained.It's concluded that some parameters,such as len...     

Effect of Voltage and Gauge of Electrostatic Plate on Card Sliver Quality

In order to find the effect of state device installed on a carding machine on card sliver quality, card slivers produced in conditions of different voltages and gauges were tested by USTER AFIS. The results show that, when the gauge is 1 nun, most parameters of card sliver quality are better when voltage is 600 V than those when no voltage is applied. The contents of nep, trash, visible foreign matter （VFM） and short fiber content by number （SFCn）, short fiber content by weight （SFCw）, immature fiber content （IFC） of card sliver decrease by 5.9%, 16.7%, 12.5%, 5.3%, 4.8% and 1.6%, respectively, but seed coat nep （SCN） content of card sliver doesn＇t decrease. When the electrostatic plate gauge is 2 mm and electrostatic voltage is 4000 V, the removal efficiency of neps and SCN is remarkable, decreasing by 8.7% and 25% respectively. Card sliver quality is hardly improved under any voltage when the gauge between electrostatic plate and cylinder is 3mm.     

一种利用动态滤波模板进行指纹图像增强的算法

在实时指纹识别系统中 ,指纹图像的增强算法起着至关重要的作用。但通常的增强算法经常要花费较多的时间 ,或者不适用于指纹频率区别较大的数据库。在大量样本分析的基础上 ,根据指纹纹理频率参数的变化动态调整方向滤波模板的大小对指纹图像进行有效的增强处理 ,对不同的纹理方向专门采用了查表的方法 ,减小了时间消耗。实验表明 ,这种算法能够快速有效的增强指纹图像 ,尤其适用于指纹频率区别较大的指纹样本库中 ,并在实时指纹鉴别系统中得到了应用     

一种自动指纹粗分类算法的研究

提出了一种利用指纹图像奇异点的数目和位置进行粗分类的算法。指纹图像大致可分为拱形、尖拱形、左旋形、右旋形和螺纹形5种，对指纹的粗分类是实现指纹自动识别系统的一个重要步骤。首先介绍了一种计算指纹图像中各个像素点的方向矢量的算法，然后详细讨论了在这个算法所获得的指纹方向图上进行平滑处理、提取奇异点对（核心点－三角点对）的算法，并根据奇异点对的数目和位置进行指纹方向图的粗分类。试验结果表明，有用的算法与Kalle的算法相比，具有较高的分类率，具有实用意义。     

第一个共价键形成的三维冠醚配合物:{[Na(B18-C-6)]6[Pt(SCN)6]}[Pt(SCN)6](SCN)2

合成了新颖苯并18冠6配合物{[Na(B18-C-6)]_6[Pt(SCN)_6]}[Pt(SCN)_6](SCN)_2,通过红外光谱、单晶X-射线衍射对该配合物进行了表征。配合物为三方晶系,空间群为R-3,晶体学数据a=b=1.993 3(3),c=2.976 0(6)nm,α=β=90,γ=120°,V=10.240(3)nm~3,Z=3,D_(calcd)=1.564 g/cm~3,F(000)=4 908,配合物由一个配阴离子[Pt(SCN)_6]~(2-)与一个配阳离子{[Na(B18-C-6)]_6[Pt(SCN)_6]}~(4+)和两个SCN~-阴离子组成,相邻{[Na(B18-C-6)]_6[Pt(SCN)_6]}~(4+)通过Na-O键相互作用形成三维网状结构,[Pt(SCN)_6]~(2-)配阴离子和两个SCN~-阴离子起平衡电荷的作用。     

Change and Redistribution of Immature Fiber Number during Cotton Carding Based on Different Taker-in Speeds

The change and redistribution of immature fiber number after cotton carding were investigated under different taker-in speeds.The immature fiber contents (IFCs) of card sliver,flat strips,takerin droppings and cylinder screen droppings (including droppings under cylinder screen and cylinder-doffer triangle section) produced under different taker-in speeds were tested by using USTER advanced fiber information system (AFIS). Based on these results and relevant data,immature fiber number was calculated. Results show that the carding process makes the immature fiber number increase. After carding, immature fibers are distributed mainly in card sliver,accounting for approximately 90% in their total number. All of the cylinder screen,taker-in and flat have the functions of excluding immature fibers; furthermore,IFC in cylinder screen droppings is the highest,followed successively by those in taker-in droppings,flat strips and card sliver. The IFC of card sliver is the lowest when the taker-in speeds are 1000 and 1400 r/min.     

棉纤维线密度分布表征的探讨

通过aQura棉纤维长度检测仪测得的纤维质量及根数加权长度分布直方图,使用非参数核密度估计的方法,分别拟合出长度分布的概率密度函数,并由两者的差异,推算了纤维各长度下的线密度分布情况.结合已知的陆地棉沿纤维长度方向线密度变化规律,从而较为全面地给出由棉纤维长度分布计算纤维线密度不匀及直径不匀的方法.通过两棉条纤维直径不匀的实例计算,表明本计算方法可行.     

一种基于点模式匹配的指纹识别方法

把指纹用于身份认证已有上丰年的历史，自动指纹识别（AFIS）已在各个领域广泛应用，除了传统的司法公安领域，自动指纹识别还可以作为计算机操作系统和网络访问认证用户的手段，以及用于金融保险方面的身份确认，指纹匹配是AFIS的最重要问题之一。一般用脊线的分歧点和端点这样的细节点来表示一个指纹，并通过细节匹配来进行指纹匹配，这样指纹匹配就转化为点模式匹配的问题，传统的点模式匹配算法存在运算量过大且难于解决所有的非弹性形变等问题。文章提出了一种基于聚类的点模式匹配方法，来进行指纹识别，有效地解决了如何对数量和位置都不尽相同的两幅指纹细节图象进行最优匹配的问题，设计并给出了利用矢量对匹配确定图象间校准函数的流程，并通过实验证明所提出的算法具有较快的速度和较高的准确率。     

Redistribution of Impurity and Visible Foreign Matter in Cotton during Carding

Impurity redistribution during cotton carding was investigated. The content and size of impurity in card sliver,takerin droppings,flat strips,and cylinder screen droppings (including droppings under cylinder screen and cylinder-doffer triangle section)at four taker-in speeds were tested by using USTER AFIS. Results show that both total impurities and visible foreign matter (VFM)weights are increased. Impurities in cotton lap are carded and redistributed in card sliver, taker-in droppings, flat strips and cylinder screen droppings. Impurity percentage in taker-in droppings are the highest,followed by that in card sliver,that in flat strips and that in cylinder screen droppings. Cylinder screen has better dust-removing efficiency than flats. The average sizes of impurities in card sliver and cylinder screen droppings are decreased,whereas those of flat strips are increased and those of taker-in droppings is almost the same,in comparison with cotton lap. The impurity contents of card sliver,taker-in droppings,flat strips and cylinder screen droppings have tendencies to decrease with the increase of taker-in speed.     

基于梯度的方向图估计改进算法

获得准确的方向图是自动指纹识别系统（AFIS）预处理的重要一步。基于梯度的方向图估计算法的是常用的一种有效算法,针对其不足之处,对其进行了改进。首先采用4个方向的梯度分量来计算每点的梯度和方向;采用自适应的平滑模板来适应不同质量指纹的方向图平滑需要;综合不同平滑程度的方向图增强去噪能力;同时对中心点（corepoint）、三角点（deltapoint）附近采用不同的平滑方法,使这些区域纹线变化细节得到保持。实验结果表明改进后的算法可以获得更准确的方向图,去噪能力增强,可以适应不同质量的指纹图像。