Granulocyte adhesion to nephritic glomeruli through recognition of activated C4 and C3 in immune deposits

Sections of rat kidney with bovine serum albumin nephritis were incubated either with a single component of complement or with several components in sequence and then reacted with granulocytes. The average number of granulocytes bound to a nephritic glomerulus was elevated in sections incubated with C4 or C3 and increases were most significant when C14, C142 or C1423 were incubated.     

Rosette formation of tumor cells with concanavalin A treated erythrocytes

Summary Trypsinized human erythrocytes were incubated with concanavalin A at 4°C. After removal of free concanavalin A, the erythrocytes were incubated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at 37°C. The erythrocytes formed rosettes with the tumor cells.     

Chemotactic and random movement of cord-blood granulocytes

Summary Chemotactic responsiveness and random movement of cord-blood granulocytes were studied with a modified Boyden's method. Cord-blood granulocytes were less active chemotactically than granulocytes from healthy children and adults, whereas the random filter movement of the cells from all three sources was about the same. In cord sera, concentrations of cell directed chemotaxis inhibitors were equal to those in sera from other age groups. Compared with the situation in healthy children and adults, the generation of chemotactic factors in cord-blood sera was impaired. This impairment was not related to an increased activity of chemotactic factor inactivators. Measurement of the cyclic nucleotide levels in granulocytes from cord-blood and from children belonging to various age groups revealed that the cord granulocytes have significantly lower concentrations of cAMP and cGMP, which could have been responsible for the decreased chemotactic responsiveness.     

Chemotactic and random movement of cord-blood granulocytes

Chemotactic responsiveness and random movement of cord-blood granulocytes were studied with a modified Boyden's method. Cord-blood granulocytes were less active chemotactically than granulocytes from healthy children and adults, whereas the random filter movement of the cells from all three sources was about the same. In cord sera, concentrations of cell directed chemotaxis inhibitors were equal to those in sera from other age groups. Compared with the situation in healthy children and adults, the generation of chemotactic factors in cord-blood sera was impaired. This impairment was not related to an increased activity of chemotactic factor inactivators. Measurement of the cyclic nucleotide levels in granulocytes from cord-blood and from children belonging to various age groups revealed that the cord granulocytes have significantly lower concentrations of cAMP and cGMP, which could have been responsible for the decreased chemotactic responsiveness.     

Changes of profiles of neutrophil granulocytes induced with the administration of L-DOPA and prednisolone

Morphological changes of granulocytes following combined treatment with L-DOPA and prednisolone were elucidated at the electron microscopic level. Neutrophil granulocytes exhibited marked changes in their surface as evidenced by scanning electron microscope. It is suggested that neutrophil granulocytes are sensitive to some biogenic amines.     

Persistence of added retinoids in organ culture media during induction of mucous metaplasia and glandular morphogenesis in hamster cheek pouches

The retinoid concentration (determined colorimetrically) did not change significantly in retinyl acetate-supplemented (6 micrograms/ml) Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium containing 10% fetal calf serum when stored at -20 or 4 degrees C over 7 days. After the medium was incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h, 37-49% of the retinoid remained, whether or not tissue (neonatal Syrian hamster cheek pouch) was present, and irrespective of explant age. The normal retinoid level in the tissue was approximately 0.25 micrograms per gram. Therefore, neonatal hamster cheek pouches, incubated in medium with the addition of 6 micrograms of retinyl acetate per ml of medium and undergoing mucous metaplasia and some mucous gland morphogenesis, were continually being exposed to retinoid levels which, though gradually decreasing, remained well above their normal physiological level.     

Effects of raised and lowered incubation temperatures on the sexual differentiation in the embryos of Emys orbicularis L. (Chelonien)]

Eggs of Emys orbicularis L. were incubated at 18 and 19 degrees 5C during the period of sexual differentiation of the gonads of the embryos; genital glands of testicular structure and retrogressed Müllerian ducts were observed in all cases, like in the embryos issued from eggs incubated at 25 +/- 1 degrees C and 27,5 +/- 0,5 degrees C. On the contrary, the sexual phenotype is female in all the embryos which developed at 35 degrees C, as it is the case between 29 and 30 degrees C.     

Changes of profiles of neutrophil granulocytes induced with the administration of L-DOPA and prednisolone

Summary Morphological changes of granulocytes following combined treatment with L-DOPA and prednisolone were elucidated at the electron microscopic level. Neutrophil granulcytes exhibited marked changes in their surface as evidenced by scanning electron microscope It is suggested that neutrophil granulocytes are sensitive to some biogenic amines.     

Comparative oxidation of erucic and oleic acids by mitochondria isolated from heart auricle of living man]

Mitochondria were isolated from fragments of heart auricles, that were cut off during surgical intracardiac operations. They were incubated with either [14 14C] erucic acid or [10 14C] oleic acid as a control. In the experimental conditions used, the radioactive products soluble in perchloric acid, that are issued from the beta-oxidation reactions in mitochondria, were formed in much lower amounts from erucic acid than from oleic acid. These results show the very low capacity of human heart mitochondria to use directly erucic acid as a substrate for energy requirements, as has been observed before with other animal species. Activation of fatty acids, the preliminary step of their beta-oxidation, was also observed to be very much lower with erucic acid.     

Calcium and magnesium deficiency and C3 fraction of complement]

The third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of complement and C3 proactivator (C3PA) were determined in 55 children with low serum levels of calcium and magnesium and 30 normal children. The concentrations of serum C3, C4 and C3PA were significantly reduced in children with double deficiences of calcium and magnesium. There were significant correlations between calcium and C3 and magnesium and C3PA. The relations between calcium, magnesium and the classical or alternate pathway of complement systems are discussed.     

Lack of participation of cytoplasmic choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine in the striatal synaptosomes of the rat]

Synaptosomes prepared from Rat striatum were loaded with (14C) choline at 0 degrees C in the course of a 60 min. preincubation. After the removal, by washing, of the extracellular molecules, synaptosomes were incubated 5 min. at 37 degrees C in the presence of (3H) choline. The measurement of the amounts of (3H) ACh and of (14C) ACh formed allowed us to conclude that the acetylation of the molecules of choline was directly coupled to their passage through the synaptosomal membrane.     

Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an den heterophilen Granulozyten des Haushuhns

Summary Ultra-thin sections of heterophil granulocytes of clinically healthy, laying hybrid-hens were examined by electron microscope. Within the cytoplasm of these cells, round, oval or fusiform granules (rods) of different electron density were found. Osmiophilic and electron light areas (cores) were seen, either together within the same granular body, or separately in different granules.     

Surface molecules regulating rolling and adhesion to endothelium of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells and their interaction

The extravasation of leukocytes and tumor cells is a multi-step process with the involvement of various adhesion molecules depending on the three steps rolling, adhesion, and diapedesis. We have developed an in vitro model, by which we investigated the rolling and adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma cells to lung endothelial cells under physiological flow-conditions. We found that norepinephrine had an inhibitory function on the fMLP-promoted adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes due to a down-regulation of β2-integrin. Furthermore, neutrophil granulocytes serve as linking cells for the interaction of the MDA-MB-468 cells with the endothelium, which are both β2-integrin negative, but express the β2-integrin ligand ICAM-1. In addition, we show here that N-cadherin is up-regulated on the endothelial cells and on neutrophil granulocytes in response to fMLP. This up-regulation resulted in a significant increase of adherent MDA-MB-468 cells, which are also N-cadherin positive. Received 3 September 2007; received after revision 17 October 2007; accepted 22 October 2007     

Einfluss von angiotensin auf das argentaffine system des meerschweinchens

Summary The duodenum of guinea-pigs were dissected immediately after death and incubated for 10 min at 37 °C in a solution of Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonate buffer, in which Hypertensin (CIBA) was added. The result was that the argentaffine cells were more numerous after the incubation period, as compared with the controls. The 2 controls were pieces placed into the solutions of Formalin and blank Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonate buffer.     

Binding of fluoresceinated lectins to normal and dinitrofluorobenzene treated human leucocytes

Summary Using fluoresceinated lectins we have shown the receptor distribution on normal human granulocytes and lymphocytes following tagging with 1-fluoro- 2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). DNP-tagged cells exhibited strong, smooth membrane staining and produced smaller patches dispersed uniformly over the entire cell surface.This work was supported by Grant CA 16503 from the National Cancer Institute.Acknowledgment. We thank Miss C. Pickett for technical help and Mrs E. Olson and N. Shear for secretarial assistance.     

Participation of granulocytes and humoral factors in resolution of platelet aggregates during endotoxemia

Summary Hydrogen peroxide generated by phagocytizing granulocytes can prevent platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen but not by endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance enhances granulocyte mobilization in response to endotoxin and reduces aggregation induced by endotoxin but not ADP or collagen.     

Metabolic status of temperature induced swollen conidia ofAspergillus nidulans

Summary There is an active synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein, and carbohydrate in conidia incubated at 48°C. DNA increases more or less 3 times; while RNA, protein and carbohydrate are synthesized at a much faster rate. Conidia do not germinate at this temperature.Acknowledgments. Grateful thanks are due to Professor B. M. Johri for valuable suggestions. R. K. S. acknowledges with thanks a Senior Research Fellowship of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.     

Quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen der Esteraseaktivität in normalen Granulozyten,normalen Lymphozyten und in leukämischen Zellen

Summary A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the carboxylic esterases of normal granulocytes, normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells was performed. In the myeloid leukemic cells and in the lymphatic leukemic cells, the esterase activity was significantly increased. By means of electrophoretic fractionation, four zones with esterase activity were detected in normal granulocytes and lymphocytes; the electrophoretic pattern of the leukemic cells was similar to that of the normal cells.

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Diese Forschung wurde vom Fonds des Lady Tata Memorial Trust unterstützt.     

Antibody-dependent adherence of peritoneal cells of the rat to Trichinella spiralis larvae]

Washed peritoneal exudate cells from normal Rats firmly adhere to Trichinella spiralis larvae in the presence of serum containing anti-Trichinella antibodies. This effect is observed when muscle larvae, cells and dilutions of anti-sera are incubated for 1 hr. at 37 degrees C. No adherence takes place at 4 degrees C. Whole serum or its gammaglobulin fraction are active and effect is inhibited by the addition of Trichinella antigens. Complement is not essential since antiserum heated for 2 hrs. at 56 degrees C is active. Washed cells from infested animals do not adhere to the larvae in the absence of antiserum.