水分胁迫和铅胁迫对小麦幼苗生理反应影响

以小麦幼苗为实验材料,研究铅胁迫以及水分与Pb双重胁迫下小麦叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量和PSII最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)变化。结果表明:随着Pb胁迫强度增大,与对照比较,小麦幼苗叶片相对电导率与MDA含量升高,且双重胁迫下高于单独Pb胁迫,表明水分胁迫与Pb处理的交互影响加重了植物细胞的膜质过氧化作用;Pb胁迫下游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量普遍高于对照,双重胁迫下溶性糖含量普遍高于Pb单独处理,说明水分胁迫下可溶性糖是重要渗透调节物质;随着Pb浓度的增加,与对照比较叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm普遍降低,双重胁迫和单独Pb处理比较,叶绿素含量未见明显差异,Fv/Fm普遍低于Pb单独处理,表明Pb胁迫和水分胁迫对PSII最大光化学量子效率影响表现为协同作用。     

铅处理对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以小麦种子为材料,研究了不同浓度的铅(Pb)溶液对小麦种子的发芽、幼苗生长、幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性的影响.结果表明,高浓度的Pb可延缓和抑制小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长;侧根、主根和芽对Pb的敏感程度为侧根＞主根＞芽;小麦幼苗在低、中浓度的Pb胁迫下通过增加侧根数来抵御Pb胁迫;高浓度Pb2 使膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量升高,使膜透性增加.     

重金属Pb对紫花苜蓿幼苗生长及生理生化指标的胁迫效应

以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为材料,研究不同浓度重金属Pb对其幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、呼吸强度、质膜透性及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示:Pb胁迫下,随着处理浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿种子发芽势在Pb浓度为100mg/L时表现敏感;不同浓度Pb胁迫,明显影响紫花苜蓿幼苗生长,呼吸强度和叶绿素含量降低;Pb对过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性影响显著。说明重金属Pb对紫花苜蓿生长有抑制作用;紫花苜蓿主要通过提高POD、CAT活性来增强对Pb胁迫的耐受性。     

外源一氧化氮对铬胁迫下小麦幼苗根系生长和抗氧化能力的影响

研究了在40mg/L Cr6+胁迫下,0.1～1.0mmol/L外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对小麦幼苗根系生长、氧化损伤、保护酶活性及可溶性糖含量的影响.结果表明,0.2mmol/L SNP处理缓解Cr6+胁迫伤害的效果最好,显著提高了小麦幼苗根系生长,保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性和可溶性糖含量;显著降低了MDA含量.表明外源NO通过促进Cr6+胁迫下保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的提高,降低MDA水平,缓解Cr6+胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长的抑制作用,增强植株的耐重金属能力.     

NO供体SNP浸种显著缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的氧化损伤

以小麦品种德抗961为材料,用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)浸种研究外源NO对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗氧化损伤的影响.结果表明:0.02~0.1 mmol/L的SNP浸种24 h对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的抑制均有一定程度的缓解作用,其中以0.06 mmol/L的SNP浸种预处理效果最好.并从叶绿素含量、质膜相对透性、MDA含量3个方面证实:0.06 mmol/L的SNP浸种预处理对盐胁迫下的小麦叶片氧化损伤有明显的缓解作用.同时能显著诱导盐胁迫下小麦叶片SOD活性、APX活性、CAT活性,从而减轻盐胁迫下小麦叶片的氧化损伤.     

壳聚糖包衣对小麦种子发芽和幼苗耐盐性的影响

用1.0%壳聚糖包衣处理8802和徐州-24两个品种小麦种子,包衣和未包衣种子分别在20℃的H 2O、25m m ol/L、50m m ol/L、100m m ol/L、150m m ol/L NaCl溶液中发芽,并测定种子发芽率、α-淀粉酶活性、幼苗耐盐指数及幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质等相容性溶质含量.结果表明,壳聚糖包衣处理后可以提高在清水或盐胁迫条件下小麦种子发芽率及小麦种子α-淀粉酶活性.在盐胁迫条件下,随NaCl浓度的增加,壳聚糖包衣和未包衣处理的小麦种子淀粉酶活性均明显下降.壳聚糖包衣处理后还能提高小麦幼苗耐盐指数,增加小麦盐胁迫后幼苗脯氨酸及可溶性多糖含量,说明壳聚糖包衣处理后可以提高小麦幼苗耐盐性。     

外源水杨酸缓解复合防腐剂对小麦幼苗生长的胁迫效应研究

采用土培法对外源水杨酸(SA)与不同质量浓度的复合防腐剂(苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾)对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响进行研究,初步探讨水杨酸缓解土壤防腐剂污染对小麦生长的抑制效应.试验结果表明:0.01g/L水杨酸可缓解或解除低浓度复合防腐剂(≤5g/L)对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用;在高浓度复合防腐剂(质量浓度>5g/L)胁迫下,水杨酸对其的缓解作用减弱,甚至随防腐剂浓度增加呈负面效应,增强防腐剂对小麦幼苗的胁迫作用.     

根施甜菜碱对铅胁迫下小麦幼苗根系的活性氧代谢影响

为了探究根施甜菜碱对铅胁迫下小麦幼苗根系的影响,以普通小麦品种"轮选988"为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了根施甜菜碱对Pb2+胁迫下小麦根系生长的影响.结果表明:随着Pb2+浓度的提高,Pb~(2+)处理小麦的株高、根长和质量表现出先增加后降低的趋势,在Pb~(2+)5 mg·L~(-1)时达到最高值.在50 mg·L~(-1) Pb~(2+)胁迫条件下,小麦的生长发育受到强烈的抑制.然而,施用5.0 mmol·L~(-1)外源甜菜碱后,小麦幼苗的根长、株高、根鲜重和根干重分别上升了29.8%、 11.54%、 25.13%、 42.5%; SOD、 POD、 CAT、 APX分别升高了41.54%、43.85%、40.15%、40.48%;超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别下降了87.16%、63.21%、20.86%、71.14%;可溶性糖含量和根系活力分别上升了34.34%和56.50%.因此,根施适宜浓度外源甜菜碱可显著增强小麦幼苗根系的抗氧化能力,恢复根系活力,从而有效缓解铅胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的伤害.     

外源一氧化氮对PEG6000水分胁迫下小麦幼苗生理特性的影响

采用10%的聚乙二醇6000对小麦幼苗根部进行轻度水分胁迫处理,并通过添加不同浓度的一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP),研究外源NO处理对水分胁迫下小麦幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明,0.05 mM SNP能显著降低水分胁迫下小麦幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧自由基(O2-)产生速率,但能显著增加小麦幼苗叶绿素a,类胡萝卜素、叶绿素(a+b)含量及株高、根长、叶面积和干重.表明外源0.05 mM SNP处理对水分胁迫下小麦幼苗具有明显的保护作用,可以促进植株生长.     

不同外源物质喷施对干旱胁迫下‘云麻1号’苗期生理的影响

为了探明不同外源物质处理对干旱胁迫下工业大麻苗期的影响.研究以‘云麻1号’为试验材料,通过盆栽控水法模拟干旱胁迫,研究不同质量浓度(200、500、800 mg/L和1 200 mg/L)的Vc、甜菜碱、CaCl2和赤霉素喷施处理下对工业大麻苗期抗旱的生理效应.结果表明:与对照相比,干旱胁迫处理使‘云麻1号’苗期的叶绿素、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量降低,使SOD和POD酶活性也降低.外源物质Vc、甜菜碱、CaCl2和赤霉素处理均可提高大麻苗的叶绿素、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量,同时也提高SOD和POD酶活性,从而在一定程度上缓解干旱胁迫对幼苗的伤害.根据隶属函数评价结果得出,‘云麻1号’分别在喷施500 mg/L Vc和CaCl2时生理抗旱特性较好,在喷施200 mg/L甜菜碱和赤霉素时缓解效果也较理想. 4种外源物质缓解效果依次为VcCaCl2赤霉素甜菜碱.研究结果揭示了干旱胁迫下大麻幼苗对外源物质喷施的生理响应,为外源物质处理提高工业大麻抗旱性的研究提供参考依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the