单壁碳纳米管超声裂解制备石墨烯纳米带

将单壁碳纳米管仅通过气相氧化和超声裂解两步制备出了石墨烯纳米带,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)对制备出的石墨烯纳米带进行形貌和结构分析。结果表明,此方法制备的石墨烯纳米带宽度狭窄、边缘光滑,并且相比于刚性的单壁碳纳米管具有良好的柔韧性,大约为2nm的厚度也说明了石墨烯纳米带的双层结构。在气相氧化和超声裂解的过程中,拉曼光谱中D峰与G峰的比值始终保持在0.15左右,表明在整个制备过程中,并没有引入新的缺陷。此方法相比于其他方法制备出的纳米带具有结晶度高、宽度狭窄、边缘光滑等优点。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及复合材料的性能研究

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),利用SEM、TEM、AFM观察GO表面形貌,XRD、Raman、FT-IR表征GO分子结构,通过MH-3型显微硬度仪测试GO/UHMWPE复合材料的显微硬度。结果表明:制备的GO为二维片状结构,厚度约1.1nm;GO的衍射峰为10.8°;G峰和D峰分别出现在1 590cm-1和1 350cm-1附近;GO含有氧官能团;随着GO含量的增加,GO/UHMWPE复合材料的显微硬度也随之增加。     

膨胀石墨氧化制备石墨烯

在氧化还原法制备石墨烯的工艺中,氧化石墨的制备尤为重要。以大鳞片石墨制备的膨胀石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化程度高、可剥离度高的氧化石墨稀,研究中温氧化时间、氧化剂用量及高温反应对氧化石墨烯结构、形貌及氧化程度的影响,对样品进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征。结果表明:硫酸与膨胀石墨用量比为75 mL∶1 g,高锰酸钾与石墨用量比为4 g∶1 g,35℃水浴反应24 h,制备得到氧化程度高的大片氧化石墨烯。该方法工艺简单、反应温度低,无须进行高温反应,可以解决大鳞片石墨制备氧化石墨烯难度大,氧化效率低的问题。     

玻片表面硅烷/氧化石墨烯复合涂层的制备及其摩擦性能

使用硅烷偶联剂 3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propylamine) 和不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide, GO)在玻片表面采用浸渍法制备了一种在水环境下具有较好润滑性能的氧化石墨烯涂层. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR)仪、拉曼光谱(Raman spectra)分析法、水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)测试等方法研究了涂层的表面形貌及其特征. 研究结果表明, 所制备的硅烷/氧化石墨烯涂层表面均一, 没有明显的缺陷. 摩擦测试结果显示, 涂层能够有效提高耐磨性能, 不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯对抗磨性能有着不同的影响, 氧化程度越高, 抗磨性能越好.     

一步合成具有SERS性能的Au NPs/rGO复合粉体

采用简单、快速的微波辐射法,以绿色无毒的抗坏血酸为还原剂,一步还原氧化石墨烯(GO)和氯金酸(HAuCl_4)混合分散液制备纳米金/石墨烯(Au NPs/rGO)复合粉体。采用UV-Vis,XRD,SEM,TEM,AFM和拉曼光谱仪对复合粉体结构和表面拉曼增强散射(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)性能进行表征。微波辐射法可以快速合成Au NPs/rGO复合粉体,GO和HAuCl_4质量比对rGO片层上Au NPs负载量具有调控作用,质量比为1∶3时,AuNPs的负载量最多;Au NPs/rGO复合粉体具有良好的SERS性能和荧光猝灭性,r GO的化学增强和Au NPs的电磁场增强起到了良好的协同作用;复合粉体在612 cm~(-1)处吸收峰的增强因子达到了1.37×10~6。     

电化学还原石墨烯用于水合肼的电催化氧化及检测

采用电化学还原技术制备了还原石墨烯.采用扫描电镜、Raman光谱、AFM等技术表征了石墨烯的形貌和结构特征.采用电化学测试技术研究了还原石墨烯修饰电极的电化学性能及对水合肼(N_2H_4·H_2O)的电催化氧化活性.结果表明,该石墨烯电极材料具有优异的电子传导性能.与裸玻碳电极相比,石墨烯修饰电极对水合肼表现出优异的电催化氧化活性.在最佳的实验条件下,将该石墨烯修饰电极用于水合肼的灵敏检测.在1×10~(-5)~1×10~(-4) mol/L范围内,氧化峰电流与水合肼的浓度呈良好的线性关系.该石墨烯修饰电极材料有望用于环境中水合肼等有机小分子的灵敏检测.     

氟化镧掺铕/氧化石墨烯纳米复合物的水热合成及荧光性能

利用简单的水热合成法得到了氟化镧掺铕/氧化石墨烯纳米复合物(La1-x F3∶Eux3+/GO).利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射电子扫描显微镜(FE-SEM),扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)和荧光光谱(PL)对样品的组成和形貌进行了表征.结果表明粒径为20nm左右的六边形La1-x F3∶Eux3+纳米片均匀分布在GO表面.详细讨论了反应条件对合成的影响.在397nm紫外光的激发下,在588nm处的橙色发射峰为最强峰.     

氧化石墨烯/PMMA复合材料的制备与表征

以石墨粉为原料,根据改进的Hummers氧化法制得氧化石墨烯,利用氧化石墨烯表面富集的羧基与乙二醇和酰氯化的4,4′-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸)的反应,进一步得到氧化石墨烯表面负载的4,4′-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸),以此为引发剂,通过自由基聚合制备了氧化石墨烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(oxidized graphene-g-PMMA)杂化材料.采用红外(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,并研究了频率依赖下的样品的电学性能.结果表明,PMMA已在氧化石墨烯表面接枝,石墨烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯杂化材料的导电率及介电常数较氧化石墨烯分别降低了0.098S.cm-1和34 000.     

PEI-Fe3O4/石墨烯对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附特性

对氧化石墨烯进行改性,利用微波水热法制备Fe3 O4/石墨烯,以提高氧化石墨烯的疏水性,并用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对Fe3 O4/石墨烯进行表面改性,获得一种PEI改性的磁性石墨烯复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)及热重分析(TGA)等手段...     

低压热丝化学气相沉积法快速合成1-2层石墨烯薄膜

利用镍衬底独特的渗碳-析碳机制,分别引入混合气体氢气和乙炔,使用低压热丝化学气相沉积法(LPHFCVD),在镍衬底上生长石墨烯(Graphene)薄膜。通气时长分别为5s,60s,300s,极大地节省了时间和成本。制备的样品分别通过拉曼光谱(Raman),X光电子能谱(XPS),扫描电镜(SEM)等分析表征手段对其结构、形貌、缺陷等进行表征。拉曼光谱表明石墨烯薄膜的D,G,2D峰在不同温度、不同反应时间条件下不同的层数、缺陷密度和结晶质量,其中以950℃,5s的条件制备得到的石墨烯薄膜为1-2层,且缺陷极少,结晶质量很高。XPS的结果进一步确认了按照以上条件制备的石墨烯薄膜具有很高的结晶质量和很低的缺陷密度。SEM则显示了在镍衬底上制备石墨烯薄膜的形貌。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that