冠醚合成的模板效应：3个小环冠醚合成方法的改进

根据冠醚合成模板效应和反应机理的特点，选用合适的模板离子和反应条件，合成了３个小冠醚、取得了满意的实验结果，为其它小环冠醚的合成提供了一种很好的新方法。     

新型模板剂分子筛FeMCM-41的合成及催化活性

用松香为模板剂．采用水热合成法合成了FeMCM-41分子筛．研究了原料配比、pH、焙烧温度、晶化时间等因素对分子筛合成的影响；用合成的分子筛催化松香与正丁醇的酯化反应，研究了分子筛的催化活性．     

微孔晶体合成反应数据库的数据挖掘研究

采用数据挖掘中的查询和决策树技术对吉林大学无机合成与制备化学国家重点实验室建立的微孔晶体合成反应数据库进行了数据挖掘研究，针对微孔磷酸铝和硅铝酸盐两类合成反应体系，通过数据挖掘找出模板剂的参数特征，预测出适用于合成十二元环和十元环微孔磷酸铝和硅铝酸盐的分子筛一系列新的有机胺模板剂，采用分子力学方法计算了预测的有机胺模板剂与分子筛骨架的作用能，根据计算结果，最后确定有望成为合成这些特定结构分子筛的新模板剂，针对十二元环磷酸铝AlPO4-5的合成，根据数据挖掘的结果，安排了合成实验，结果采用预测的二乙醇胺作新的模板剂首次合成出了很好的AlPO4-5晶体，为定向合成研究探索了新的途径。     

基于语义与模板的Web服务混合合成

为提高Web服务合成的动态性及降低合成的复杂度，提出了一个基于语义与模板的混合合成框架，并详细分析了基于该框架的抽象服务流程和具体服务流程构建过程。在宏观上，采用工作流及语义模板实现服务合成，并基于服务模板和过程约束设计流程，创建复杂流程以表示现实世界的需求及实现对粗粒度服务合成流程的控制；在微观上，对工作流抽象活动节点实现动态服务合成规划，以减少人工干预，提高服务合成的动态性和自动性。通过宏观、微观间的有机结合，该框架可有效降低服务合成的复杂度，提高合成的可靠性及效率。     

TPABr—正丁胺体系中TS—1的合成与表征

采用水热晶化法，以ＴＰＡＢｒ为模板剂，正丁胺为碱源合成出钛硅分子筛ＴＳ－１，并探讨了合成过程中的影响因素，利用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ、ＳＥＭ等对合成的分子筛作了表征。     

Fe-Si复合氧化物中孔分子筛的合成与表征

在碱性条件下，采用乙二胺为介质，以十六烷基三甲基溴化胺为模板剂，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，用水热法合成了Fe-Si复合氧化物中孔分子筛，并用XRD、红外、热分析等对样品进行表征，实验结果证实所合成的产物为Fe-Si复合氧化物中孔分子筛。     

木质素为模板合成多孔材料

降解、胺化改性的木质素为模板，采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了负载POM的木质素-氧化硅复合体，高温烧结，制备了负载POM的氧化硅大孔材料．扫描电子显微镜结果表明，所合成的材料为孔的尺寸可调的。孔道之间相互连通的大孔材料。     

混合模板剂合成钛硅分子筛

以钛酸正丁酯为钛源，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，在４４３Ｋ用罩丙基溴化铵和四乙基氢氧化铵的混合物的为模板剂，合成了Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ分子筛。经ＸＲＤ，ＦＴ－ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ以及ＢＥＴ比表面积分析，证实了在以ＴＰＡＢｒ＋ＴＥＡＯＨ为模板剂合成的样品中钛已进入ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－１的骨架，而以ＴＰＡＢｒ＋二乙胺或三甲胺为模板剂则合成不出Ｔｉ－Ｓｉ分子筛。ＳＥＭ的结果表明用氨水和ＴＥＡＯＨ调节反应液的碱度，对晶体的生长和形     

利用室温转化法合成硒化银量子点

本采用室温转化法、分别用乙二胺与氨水做模板合成硒化银量子点，对合成的硒化银样品进行了X-射线衍射分析，并在透射电子显微镜下研究了模板对合成硒化银形态的影响．     

合成方法对方沸石结构性能的影响

对水热条件下和有模板剂存在的状态下合成的方沸石的X射线衍射分析表明 ,合成方法对产品的结构 ,特别是对称性和晶胞参数有明显的影响 .水热法合成产品属立方对称 ;由于c轴压缩以及a ,b轴的伸展 ,模板法合成样品为四方对称 .同时 ,合成方法的差异将导致方沸石形貌的完全不同 .SEM照片表明 :水热合成样品的微粒形貌为四方片状 ,而模板法合成样品为多面体 .热重、差热分析结果显示合成方法对产品的热性能也具有较大的影响     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the